Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and e...Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.展开更多
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in a significant number of individuals developing pulmonary fibrosis(PF),an irreversible lung injury.This condition can manifest within...The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in a significant number of individuals developing pulmonary fibrosis(PF),an irreversible lung injury.This condition can manifest within a short inter-val following the onset of pneumonia symptoms,sometimes even within a few days.While lung transplantation is a potentially lifesaving procedure,its limited availability,high costs,intricate surgeries,and risk of immunological rejection present significant drawbacks.The optimal timing of medication administration for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-induced PF remains controversial.Despite this,it is crucial to explore pharmacotherapy interventions,involving early and preventative treatment as well as pharmacotherapy options for advanced-stage PF.Additionally,studies have demonstrated disparities in anti-fibrotic treatment based on race and gender factors.Genetic mutations may also impact therapeutic efficacy.Enhancing research efforts on pharmacotherapy interventions,while considering relevant pharmacological factors and optimizing the timing and dosage of medication administration,will lead to enhanced,personalized,and fair treatment for individuals impacted by COVID-19-related PF.These measures are crucial in lessening the burden of the disease on healthcare systems and improving patients'quality of life.展开更多
Cardiac tumors are rare.However,cardiac metastases can occur in up to 10%of patients with cancer.Among cardiac neoplasms,metastases are much more common than primary cardiac tumors.[1]Metastatic cardiac neoplasms most...Cardiac tumors are rare.However,cardiac metastases can occur in up to 10%of patients with cancer.Among cardiac neoplasms,metastases are much more common than primary cardiac tumors.[1]Metastatic cardiac neoplasms most frequently metastasize from the respiratory system.展开更多
Ototoxic drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of deafness. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a rat deafness model through t...Ototoxic drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of deafness. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a rat deafness model through the combined application of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. The aim of this study was to use single or combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin sulfate to establish rat models of deafness. The rats received intravenous injections of different doses of furosemide and/or intramuscular injections of kanamycin sulfate. The auditory brainstem response was measured to determine the hearing threshold after drug application. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate inner ear morphology. In the group receiving combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin, the auditory brainstem response threshold showed significant elevation 3 days after administration, higher than that produced by furosemide or kanamycin alone. The hair cells showed varying degrees of injury, from the apical turn to the basal turn of the cochlea and from the outer hair cells to the inner hair cells. The spiral ganglion cells maintained a normal morphology during the first week after the hair cells completely disappeared, and then gradually degenerated. After 2 months, the majority of spiral ganglion cells disappeared, but a few remained. These findings demonstrate that the combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin has a synergistic ototoxic effect, and that these drugs can produce hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats. These findings suggest that even in patients with severe deafness, electronic cochlear implants may partially restore hearing.展开更多
The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer in the cell cytoplasm and is part of the innate immune system.It plays a crucial role in the pathological process of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL).However,the mechanisms ...The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer in the cell cytoplasm and is part of the innate immune system.It plays a crucial role in the pathological process of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL).However,the mechanisms of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in NIHL have not been clearly demonstrated.In this study,miniature pigs were exposed to white noise at 120 dB(A)and auditory brainstem response measurements were used to measure their hearing function.Immunofluorescence staining,confocal laser scanning microscopy,western blot assay,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze inflammasome-related protein distribution and expression.NLRP3,interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,and cleaved-caspase-1 were highly expressed in the cochlea after 120 dB(A)white noise exposure.Our findings suggest that NLRP3-inflammasomes in the cochlea may be activated after acoustic trauma,which may be an important mechanism of noise-induced hearing loss.展开更多
Advanced oxide metallurgy technique was adopted to produce 100-kg Y-bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel via vacuum induction melting and casting route. Subsequently, nine specimens at top, middle and bottom region...Advanced oxide metallurgy technique was adopted to produce 100-kg Y-bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel via vacuum induction melting and casting route. Subsequently, nine specimens at top, middle and bottom regions of the sheet were char-acterized to evaluate the homogeneity of chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The small vibra-tion of hardness (200–220 HBW), ultimate tensile strength (672–678 MPa), yield strength (468–480 MPa), total elongation (26.2%–30.5%) and Charpy energy at room temperature (98–133 J) and at ??40 ℃ (12–40 J) demonstrated that mechanical properties’ homogeneity of Y-bearing steel was acceptable although slight Y segregation and inhomogeneous microstructure occurred at the bottom. Furthermore, the effect of Y content on microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties was explained and the comparison of failure mechanism for the dual-phase steel between tensile test (i.e., quasi-static loading) and Charpy test (i.e., dynamic loading) was discussed in detail.展开更多
Influenza viruses(FLUV)cause high morbidity and mortality annually in the world and pose a serious threat to the public health.Wuhan,as an important transportation hub in China,has a dense population and suitable clim...Influenza viruses(FLUV)cause high morbidity and mortality annually in the world and pose a serious threat to the public health.Wuhan,as an important transportation hub in China,has a dense population and suitable climate,which also lays a major hidden danger for the outbreak of influenza.To survey and characterize the seasonal FLUV in Wuhan during 2016–2019,we collected 44,738 throat swabs,among which 15.5%were influenza A(FLUAV)positive,6.1%influenza B(FLUBV)and 0.3%co-infection.By monitoring FLUV in each month from June 2016 to May 2019,different with the previously seasonality pattern,only a single influenza peak was appeared in winter of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019,respectively.These data indicated that the complex circulation pattern of seasonal influenza in Wuhan.In addition,we found the age group was skewed towards 5–14 years group whose activity were mostly school based,which suggested school may be an important place for influenza outbreaks.Meanwhile,phylogenic analysis revealed that two subtypes(subclade 3C.2 a2 and 3C.2 a1b)of A(H3N2)were circulating in Wuhan and there was an obvious transition in 2018 because the two subclades were detected simultaneously.Furthermore,by estimating the vaccine effectiveness,we found that the vaccine strain of FLUAV didn’t seem to match very well the current epidemic strain,especially A(H3N2).Hence,more accurate prediction of seasonal outbreak is essential for vaccine design.Taken together,our results provided the current information about seasonal FLUV in Wuhan which form the basis for vaccine updating.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805902,2022YFF0710703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201257)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area (2022XAGG0121)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2019QNRC001)。
文摘Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
基金Supported by the Project of Special Funds for Science and Technology Cooperation in Guizhou Provinces and Zunyi City,No.Shengshikehe(2015)53.
文摘The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in a significant number of individuals developing pulmonary fibrosis(PF),an irreversible lung injury.This condition can manifest within a short inter-val following the onset of pneumonia symptoms,sometimes even within a few days.While lung transplantation is a potentially lifesaving procedure,its limited availability,high costs,intricate surgeries,and risk of immunological rejection present significant drawbacks.The optimal timing of medication administration for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-induced PF remains controversial.Despite this,it is crucial to explore pharmacotherapy interventions,involving early and preventative treatment as well as pharmacotherapy options for advanced-stage PF.Additionally,studies have demonstrated disparities in anti-fibrotic treatment based on race and gender factors.Genetic mutations may also impact therapeutic efficacy.Enhancing research efforts on pharmacotherapy interventions,while considering relevant pharmacological factors and optimizing the timing and dosage of medication administration,will lead to enhanced,personalized,and fair treatment for individuals impacted by COVID-19-related PF.These measures are crucial in lessening the burden of the disease on healthcare systems and improving patients'quality of life.
文摘Cardiac tumors are rare.However,cardiac metastases can occur in up to 10%of patients with cancer.Among cardiac neoplasms,metastases are much more common than primary cardiac tumors.[1]Metastatic cardiac neoplasms most frequently metastasize from the respiratory system.
基金supported by grants from the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program),No.2011CBA01000,2012CB967900
文摘Ototoxic drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of deafness. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a rat deafness model through the combined application of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. The aim of this study was to use single or combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin sulfate to establish rat models of deafness. The rats received intravenous injections of different doses of furosemide and/or intramuscular injections of kanamycin sulfate. The auditory brainstem response was measured to determine the hearing threshold after drug application. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate inner ear morphology. In the group receiving combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin, the auditory brainstem response threshold showed significant elevation 3 days after administration, higher than that produced by furosemide or kanamycin alone. The hair cells showed varying degrees of injury, from the apical turn to the basal turn of the cochlea and from the outer hair cells to the inner hair cells. The spiral ganglion cells maintained a normal morphology during the first week after the hair cells completely disappeared, and then gradually degenerated. After 2 months, the majority of spiral ganglion cells disappeared, but a few remained. These findings demonstrate that the combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin has a synergistic ototoxic effect, and that these drugs can produce hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats. These findings suggest that even in patients with severe deafness, electronic cochlear implants may partially restore hearing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No.2020YFC2005200(to WWG and WJH)the National Nature Science Foundation of China, Nos.81770992(to NS and WJH), 81970897(to WWG)+1 种基金Health and Family Planning System Research Project of Shenzhen Municipality, No.SZXJ2018079(to YYY)Shenzhen Sanming Project, No.SZSM201612076(to YYY)
文摘The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer in the cell cytoplasm and is part of the innate immune system.It plays a crucial role in the pathological process of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL).However,the mechanisms of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in NIHL have not been clearly demonstrated.In this study,miniature pigs were exposed to white noise at 120 dB(A)and auditory brainstem response measurements were used to measure their hearing function.Immunofluorescence staining,confocal laser scanning microscopy,western blot assay,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze inflammasome-related protein distribution and expression.NLRP3,interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,and cleaved-caspase-1 were highly expressed in the cochlea after 120 dB(A)white noise exposure.Our findings suggest that NLRP3-inflammasomes in the cochlea may be activated after acoustic trauma,which may be an important mechanism of noise-induced hearing loss.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0702400).
文摘Advanced oxide metallurgy technique was adopted to produce 100-kg Y-bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel via vacuum induction melting and casting route. Subsequently, nine specimens at top, middle and bottom regions of the sheet were char-acterized to evaluate the homogeneity of chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The small vibra-tion of hardness (200–220 HBW), ultimate tensile strength (672–678 MPa), yield strength (468–480 MPa), total elongation (26.2%–30.5%) and Charpy energy at room temperature (98–133 J) and at ??40 ℃ (12–40 J) demonstrated that mechanical properties’ homogeneity of Y-bearing steel was acceptable although slight Y segregation and inhomogeneous microstructure occurred at the bottom. Furthermore, the effect of Y content on microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties was explained and the comparison of failure mechanism for the dual-phase steel between tensile test (i.e., quasi-static loading) and Charpy test (i.e., dynamic loading) was discussed in detail.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the National key research and development program of China(2018TFE0204500)
文摘Influenza viruses(FLUV)cause high morbidity and mortality annually in the world and pose a serious threat to the public health.Wuhan,as an important transportation hub in China,has a dense population and suitable climate,which also lays a major hidden danger for the outbreak of influenza.To survey and characterize the seasonal FLUV in Wuhan during 2016–2019,we collected 44,738 throat swabs,among which 15.5%were influenza A(FLUAV)positive,6.1%influenza B(FLUBV)and 0.3%co-infection.By monitoring FLUV in each month from June 2016 to May 2019,different with the previously seasonality pattern,only a single influenza peak was appeared in winter of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019,respectively.These data indicated that the complex circulation pattern of seasonal influenza in Wuhan.In addition,we found the age group was skewed towards 5–14 years group whose activity were mostly school based,which suggested school may be an important place for influenza outbreaks.Meanwhile,phylogenic analysis revealed that two subtypes(subclade 3C.2 a2 and 3C.2 a1b)of A(H3N2)were circulating in Wuhan and there was an obvious transition in 2018 because the two subclades were detected simultaneously.Furthermore,by estimating the vaccine effectiveness,we found that the vaccine strain of FLUAV didn’t seem to match very well the current epidemic strain,especially A(H3N2).Hence,more accurate prediction of seasonal outbreak is essential for vaccine design.Taken together,our results provided the current information about seasonal FLUV in Wuhan which form the basis for vaccine updating.
