Background:Exploring the efficacy,potential components,and mechanism of the combination of ginger essential oil and gingerols in the treatment of head wind disease based on network pharmacology technology with content...Background:Exploring the efficacy,potential components,and mechanism of the combination of ginger essential oil and gingerols in the treatment of head wind disease based on network pharmacology technology with content weight.Methods:The experimental groups were divided into:0:10,1:4,1:2,1:1,2:1,4:1,10:0.The relative content(Ri)of the chemical constituents of ginger's volatile oil was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Additionally,the physicochemical and biological property parameters(LogP,MDCK,PPB,MW)of the components were considered.To assess the quantitative effect of the components,a grading score was performed,and the quantitative effect index(Ki)was calculated.Subsequently,the target effect index(Ti)was calculated by combining the component-target matching score(Fit score).Using these calculations,the target effect score A was determined under the influence of multiple components targeting different targets.Key targets with A≥1000 were identified.To predict the targets related to head wind disease,the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(https://ctdbase.org/),Gene Cards(https://www.genecards.org/),and Disgenet database(https://www.disgenet.org/)were utilized.The key targets,obtained from different proportions of ginger's volatile oil and gingerol,were intersected with the predicted targets.This facilitated network pharmacological analysis and verification of the efficacy.Results:The content of volatile oil in ginger demonstrated an impact on key targets associated with the volatile oil group.Each specific combination of volatile oil consistently activated distinct pathways,with variations stemming from changes in content.Experimental testing revealed that different combinations of ginger's volatile oil and gingerol effectively alleviated migraine symptoms in rats.Conclusion:Through the application of content-weighted network pharmacology technology and pharmacodynamic verification,it was determined that altering the ratio between ginger's volatile oil and gingerol leads to variations in potential targets and pathways,consequently impacting its efficacy.展开更多
For a long time,coalbed gas has brought about various problems to the safety of coal mine production.In addition,the mining of gas and coalbed methane(CBM)has attracted much attention.The occurrence and migration of C...For a long time,coalbed gas has brought about various problems to the safety of coal mine production.In addition,the mining of gas and coalbed methane(CBM)has attracted much attention.The occurrence and migration of CBM are believed to be closely related to the micro-surface properties of coal.To further explore the characteristics of CBM occurrence and migration,in this study,the micro-surface topography,adhesion,and elastic modulus of five metamorphic coals were measured by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The results show that the microtopography of coal fluctuates around 40 nm,reaching a maximum of 66.5 nm and the roughness of the surface decreases with the increase of metamorphism.The elastic modulus of coal micro-surface varies from 95.40 to 9626.41 MPa,while the adhesion varies from 15.08 to 436.22 nN,and they both exhibit a trend of"M"shape with the increase of metamorphism.Furthermore,a high correlation exists between adhesion and microtopography fluctuation.In most cases,the adhesion is larger in the concavity area and smaller in the convexity area.The research results may provide a new method for revealing the occurrence and migration of CBM and ensure efficient and safe CBM exploitation.展开更多
Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges relate...Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges related to COGs remain unsolved,and a literature review of the current state of the technology is needed.First,the present article summarizes the basic information and applications of COGs,including their oxygen production mechanism,components,forming technology,and ignition system.Four current challenges encountered in applying COGs are discussed,along with the strategies adopted thus far to solve these problems,as found in the published literature.The literature survey reveals that,although much effort has been devoted to controlling the oxygen production rate and the heat output of COGs,the mechanism of producing toxic gases remains unclear and a reliable and safe ignition system has not been fully developed.Finally,future opportunities in the development of COGs are briefly listed.展开更多
基金Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Key Discipline of Shaanxi province(303061107)National key Research and Development plan(2018-YFC1706904)+2 种基金Discipline Innovation team Project of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019-YL11)Shaanxi Province Key subject of pharmacy engineering of Shaanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine administration(2017001)Key R&D Plan of Shaanxi Province,Development of Nasal Formulations of Ginger Medicinal Components Based on"Component Traditional Chinese Medicine"(2020SF-316).
文摘Background:Exploring the efficacy,potential components,and mechanism of the combination of ginger essential oil and gingerols in the treatment of head wind disease based on network pharmacology technology with content weight.Methods:The experimental groups were divided into:0:10,1:4,1:2,1:1,2:1,4:1,10:0.The relative content(Ri)of the chemical constituents of ginger's volatile oil was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Additionally,the physicochemical and biological property parameters(LogP,MDCK,PPB,MW)of the components were considered.To assess the quantitative effect of the components,a grading score was performed,and the quantitative effect index(Ki)was calculated.Subsequently,the target effect index(Ti)was calculated by combining the component-target matching score(Fit score).Using these calculations,the target effect score A was determined under the influence of multiple components targeting different targets.Key targets with A≥1000 were identified.To predict the targets related to head wind disease,the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(https://ctdbase.org/),Gene Cards(https://www.genecards.org/),and Disgenet database(https://www.disgenet.org/)were utilized.The key targets,obtained from different proportions of ginger's volatile oil and gingerol,were intersected with the predicted targets.This facilitated network pharmacological analysis and verification of the efficacy.Results:The content of volatile oil in ginger demonstrated an impact on key targets associated with the volatile oil group.Each specific combination of volatile oil consistently activated distinct pathways,with variations stemming from changes in content.Experimental testing revealed that different combinations of ginger's volatile oil and gingerol effectively alleviated migraine symptoms in rats.Conclusion:Through the application of content-weighted network pharmacology technology and pharmacodynamic verification,it was determined that altering the ratio between ginger's volatile oil and gingerol leads to variations in potential targets and pathways,consequently impacting its efficacy.
基金financially supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Nos. 51634001 and 51774023)the State Key Research Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0801403)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program (No. xx2018073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. FRF-TP-18-007C1)
文摘For a long time,coalbed gas has brought about various problems to the safety of coal mine production.In addition,the mining of gas and coalbed methane(CBM)has attracted much attention.The occurrence and migration of CBM are believed to be closely related to the micro-surface properties of coal.To further explore the characteristics of CBM occurrence and migration,in this study,the micro-surface topography,adhesion,and elastic modulus of five metamorphic coals were measured by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The results show that the microtopography of coal fluctuates around 40 nm,reaching a maximum of 66.5 nm and the roughness of the surface decreases with the increase of metamorphism.The elastic modulus of coal micro-surface varies from 95.40 to 9626.41 MPa,while the adhesion varies from 15.08 to 436.22 nN,and they both exhibit a trend of"M"shape with the increase of metamorphism.Furthermore,a high correlation exists between adhesion and microtopography fluctuation.In most cases,the adhesion is larger in the concavity area and smaller in the convexity area.The research results may provide a new method for revealing the occurrence and migration of CBM and ensure efficient and safe CBM exploitation.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFC0805204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51504017 and 51874015)
文摘Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges related to COGs remain unsolved,and a literature review of the current state of the technology is needed.First,the present article summarizes the basic information and applications of COGs,including their oxygen production mechanism,components,forming technology,and ignition system.Four current challenges encountered in applying COGs are discussed,along with the strategies adopted thus far to solve these problems,as found in the published literature.The literature survey reveals that,although much effort has been devoted to controlling the oxygen production rate and the heat output of COGs,the mechanism of producing toxic gases remains unclear and a reliable and safe ignition system has not been fully developed.Finally,future opportunities in the development of COGs are briefly listed.
