Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial proce...Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli.Once the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris.The crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier permeability.In this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development.This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.展开更多
We studied the effect of reduced glutathione on bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） treated with 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）, which shows a toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons. The proliferation of BMSCs treated wit...We studied the effect of reduced glutathione on bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） treated with 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）, which shows a toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with 6-OHDA decreased, while that of BMSCs treated with reduced glutathione increased. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with both 6-OHDA and reduced glutathione was significantly higher compared with that treated with 6-OHDA alone. These findings indicate that reduced glutathione alleviates the toxic effect of 6-OHDA on BMSCs.展开更多
Selecting suitable materials to adsorb the C_(4)F_(7)N mixtures decomposition products could not only keep the stable operation of the environmentally friendly insulating gas switch cabinet,but also ensure the safety ...Selecting suitable materials to adsorb the C_(4)F_(7)N mixtures decomposition products could not only keep the stable operation of the environmentally friendly insulating gas switch cabinet,but also ensure the safety of operation and maintenance personnel.It is necessary to study the interaction of three types of molecular sieves with the C_(4)F_(7)N mixture and its decomposition products,which could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of adsorbents in the C_(4)F_(7)N gas switch cabinet.In this research,the molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)mixture and its ten kinds of decomposition products CO,CF_(4),C_(2)F_(6),C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),CF_(3)H,CF_(3)CN,C_(2)F_(5)CN,C_(2)N_(2),and COF_(2)in three molecular sieves adsorption process(NaA,NaZSM-5,and NaX).The gas concentration distribution curve and interaction energy parameters were obtained by simulation.The interaction energies of C_(3)F_(8)in NaA,C_(4)F_(7)N in NaZSM-5,and C_(3)F_(6)in NaX molecular sieve are the largest,which are−368.35 kJ/mol,−174.93 kJ/mol,and−340.09 kJ/mol respectively.Then,the theoretical results were verified by the fluorocarbon gases adsorption experiment.The adsorption performance of three molecular sieves for all gases was obtained by combining the experimental results and dynamics parameters.The adsorption rate of the NaA molecular sieve for fluorocarbon gas is less than 35%,and its adsorption performance for all gases is weak.NaZSM-5 and NaX molecular sieves show excellent adsorption performance for C_(3)F_(6)and C_(3)F_(8),and the adsorption rates are over 70%.NaZSM-5 molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for CF_(3)CN,C_(2)F_(6),C_(2)N_(2),C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),C_(4)F_(7)N,and C_(2)F_(5)CN.NaX molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),C_(4)F_(7)N,and C_(2)F_(5)CN.Both of them have the potential to be used as adsorbents in environmental protection insulated gas switch cabinet.展开更多
The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin A(BoNT/A)on depression-like behaviors in mice and to explore the potential mechanisms.These results revealed that a single faci...The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin A(BoNT/A)on depression-like behaviors in mice and to explore the potential mechanisms.These results revealed that a single facial injection of BoNT/A induced a rapid and prolonged improvement of depression-like behaviors in naive and space-restriction-stressed(SRS)mice,reflected by a decreased duration of immobility in behavioral despair tests.BoNT/A significantly increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)levels in several brain regions,including the hippocampus and hypothalamus,in SRS mice.BoNT/A increased the expression of the N-methyl-Daspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2 B in the hippocampus,which were significantly decreased in SRS mice.Furthermore,BoNT/A significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampus,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex,and amygdala,which were decreased in SRS mice.Finally,BoNT/A transiently increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)and cAMPresponse element binding protein(p-CREB),which were suppressed in the hippocampus of SRS mice.Collectively,these results demonstrated that BoNT/A treatment has antidepressant-like activity in mice,and this is associated with increased 5-HT levels and the activation of BDNF/ERK/CREB pathways in the hippocampus,supporting further investigation of BoNT/A therapy in depression.展开更多
Aberrant T cell activation is a major cause of aplastic anemia(AA)pathogenesis.Recent studies have shown that miRNAs regulate T cell activation and are involved in AA.A previous study found that miR-214 was significan...Aberrant T cell activation is a major cause of aplastic anemia(AA)pathogenesis.Recent studies have shown that miRNAs regulate T cell activation and are involved in AA.A previous study found that miR-214 was significantly up-regulated upon T cell activation in a CD28-dependent fashion by targeting PTEN.However,the expression characteristics of miR-214 and its target genes in AA have not been defined.In this study,target genes for miR-214 were predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays.The expression levels of miR-214 and target genes were detected in 36 healthy individuals and 35 patients with AA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays identified that miR-214 could bind to the A2030 untranslated regions.Significantly increased miR-214 and the decreased A20 expression level were detected in the AA patients compared with the healthy group.In addition,significantly increased miR-214 was found in non-severe aplastic anemia compared with severe aplastic anemia patients.These results suggested that the A20 gene was a potential target of miR-214,and elevated miR-214 might medicate T cell activation at least in part by regulating A20 expression in AA.We firstly confirmed that miR-214 regulated A20 expression,and aberrant miR-214/A20 expression might contribute to immunopathology in AA.The miR-214 expression might be used as a potential biomarker that assisted in diagnosing AA severity.展开更多
To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,and sleep disturbance is a major disabling non-motor symptom.[1]Excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)is defined as inappropriate a...To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,and sleep disturbance is a major disabling non-motor symptom.[1]Excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)is defined as inappropriate and undesirable sleepiness during waking hours,which may occur during activities such as talking or driving.In PD patients,EDS increased the risk of accidents and resulted in a poor quality of life.[2]展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.32200778(to QC)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceNo.BK20220494(to QC)Suzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation ProjectNo.SKY2022107(to QC)a grant from the Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityNos.ND2022A04(to QC)and ND2023B06(to JS)。
文摘Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli.Once the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris.The crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier permeability.In this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development.This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.
基金Jiangsu Ordinary University Science Research Project, No. 06XIB320097
文摘We studied the effect of reduced glutathione on bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） treated with 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）, which shows a toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with 6-OHDA decreased, while that of BMSCs treated with reduced glutathione increased. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with both 6-OHDA and reduced glutathione was significantly higher compared with that treated with 6-OHDA alone. These findings indicate that reduced glutathione alleviates the toxic effect of 6-OHDA on BMSCs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52107145The Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Number:2021CFA025。
文摘Selecting suitable materials to adsorb the C_(4)F_(7)N mixtures decomposition products could not only keep the stable operation of the environmentally friendly insulating gas switch cabinet,but also ensure the safety of operation and maintenance personnel.It is necessary to study the interaction of three types of molecular sieves with the C_(4)F_(7)N mixture and its decomposition products,which could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of adsorbents in the C_(4)F_(7)N gas switch cabinet.In this research,the molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)mixture and its ten kinds of decomposition products CO,CF_(4),C_(2)F_(6),C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),CF_(3)H,CF_(3)CN,C_(2)F_(5)CN,C_(2)N_(2),and COF_(2)in three molecular sieves adsorption process(NaA,NaZSM-5,and NaX).The gas concentration distribution curve and interaction energy parameters were obtained by simulation.The interaction energies of C_(3)F_(8)in NaA,C_(4)F_(7)N in NaZSM-5,and C_(3)F_(6)in NaX molecular sieve are the largest,which are−368.35 kJ/mol,−174.93 kJ/mol,and−340.09 kJ/mol respectively.Then,the theoretical results were verified by the fluorocarbon gases adsorption experiment.The adsorption performance of three molecular sieves for all gases was obtained by combining the experimental results and dynamics parameters.The adsorption rate of the NaA molecular sieve for fluorocarbon gas is less than 35%,and its adsorption performance for all gases is weak.NaZSM-5 and NaX molecular sieves show excellent adsorption performance for C_(3)F_(6)and C_(3)F_(8),and the adsorption rates are over 70%.NaZSM-5 molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for CF_(3)CN,C_(2)F_(6),C_(2)N_(2),C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),C_(4)F_(7)N,and C_(2)F_(5)CN.NaX molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for C_(3)F_(6),C_(3)F_(8),C_(4)F_(7)N,and C_(2)F_(5)CN.Both of them have the potential to be used as adsorbents in environmental protection insulated gas switch cabinet.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870874, 31371179, 81300968, and 81671270)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20170004, 2015-JY-029, and BK20140372)+4 种基金Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases (BM2013003)the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Preponderant Clinic Discipline Group Project Funding (XKQ2015002)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (KYCX17-2000)Suzhou Science and Technology For People’s Livelihood (SYS201706)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (KYCX17_2034)
文摘The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin A(BoNT/A)on depression-like behaviors in mice and to explore the potential mechanisms.These results revealed that a single facial injection of BoNT/A induced a rapid and prolonged improvement of depression-like behaviors in naive and space-restriction-stressed(SRS)mice,reflected by a decreased duration of immobility in behavioral despair tests.BoNT/A significantly increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)levels in several brain regions,including the hippocampus and hypothalamus,in SRS mice.BoNT/A increased the expression of the N-methyl-Daspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2 B in the hippocampus,which were significantly decreased in SRS mice.Furthermore,BoNT/A significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampus,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex,and amygdala,which were decreased in SRS mice.Finally,BoNT/A transiently increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)and cAMPresponse element binding protein(p-CREB),which were suppressed in the hippocampus of SRS mice.Collectively,these results demonstrated that BoNT/A treatment has antidepressant-like activity in mice,and this is associated with increased 5-HT levels and the activation of BDNF/ERK/CREB pathways in the hippocampus,supporting further investigation of BoNT/A therapy in depression.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos 81370605,81702082,and 81460026)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(Nos S2012010008794,2017A030313852 and 2020A151501042)+1 种基金Science and Information Technology of Guangzhou funded basic research for application project(No 2014A020212209)Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No A20190346).
文摘Aberrant T cell activation is a major cause of aplastic anemia(AA)pathogenesis.Recent studies have shown that miRNAs regulate T cell activation and are involved in AA.A previous study found that miR-214 was significantly up-regulated upon T cell activation in a CD28-dependent fashion by targeting PTEN.However,the expression characteristics of miR-214 and its target genes in AA have not been defined.In this study,target genes for miR-214 were predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays.The expression levels of miR-214 and target genes were detected in 36 healthy individuals and 35 patients with AA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays identified that miR-214 could bind to the A2030 untranslated regions.Significantly increased miR-214 and the decreased A20 expression level were detected in the AA patients compared with the healthy group.In addition,significantly increased miR-214 was found in non-severe aplastic anemia compared with severe aplastic anemia patients.These results suggested that the A20 gene was a potential target of miR-214,and elevated miR-214 might medicate T cell activation at least in part by regulating A20 expression in AA.We firstly confirmed that miR-214 regulated A20 expression,and aberrant miR-214/A20 expression might contribute to immunopathology in AA.The miR-214 expression might be used as a potential biomarker that assisted in diagnosing AA severity.
基金supported by grants from Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(BE2018658)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan(Minsheng Science and Technology)(SKJY2021089)+1 种基金Discipline Construction Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(XKTJ-XK202001)Gusu Health Talents Plan(GSWS2020035,GSWS2019041).
文摘To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,and sleep disturbance is a major disabling non-motor symptom.[1]Excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)is defined as inappropriate and undesirable sleepiness during waking hours,which may occur during activities such as talking or driving.In PD patients,EDS increased the risk of accidents and resulted in a poor quality of life.[2]
