Studies have demonstrated that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can significantly alleviate oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at least partly associated with its enhancement on o...Studies have demonstrated that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can significantly alleviate oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at least partly associated with its enhancement on oxygen glucose deprivation-induced hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression.In this study,we hypothesized that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of newborn rat brain microvascular endothelial cells by means of upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression.MTT assay and Hoechst staining results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide protected brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner.Western blot and immunofluorescent staining results further confirmed that the protective effect was related to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α.Real-time RT-PCR reaction results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide reduced apoptosis by inhibiting downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3 mRNA expression and upregulation of apoptosis-executive protease bcl-2 mRNA expression;however,DL-3-n-butylphthalide had no protective effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells after knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α by small interfering RNA.These findings suggest that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury by upregulating bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 expression though hypoxia inducible factor-1α pathway.展开更多
In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improv...In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improve their individual operating efficiency and overall economic benefits. Demand response, as a multi-energy supply and demand balance method, can further improve system flexibility and economy. Therefore, a multi-energy cooperative system optimization model has been proposed, which is driven by price-based demand response to determine the impact of power-demand response on the optimal operating mode of a multi-energy cooperative system. The main components of the multi-energy collaborative system have been analyzed. The multi-energy coupling characteristics have been identified based on the energy hub model. Using market elasticity as a basis, a price-based demand response model has been built. The model has been optimized to minimize daily operating cost of the multi-energy collaborative system. Using data from an actual situation, the model has been verified, and we have shown that the adoption of price-based demand response measures can significantly improve the economy of multi-energy collaborative systems.展开更多
Chronic exposed to high arsenic via drinking water is worldwide public health problem. A large number of epidemiological studies showed that exposed to arsenic cause the human body skin lesions and also induce cancer,...Chronic exposed to high arsenic via drinking water is worldwide public health problem. A large number of epidemiological studies showed that exposed to arsenic cause the human body skin lesions and also induce cancer, cardiovascular and other kind of diseases. So arsenism not only affect the person’s work capability and life quality but also result in economic losses and mental suffering. How to prevent and control the effects of high arsenic? What intervention is more important and necessary for arsenism? How to scientifically assess the interventions effect of short-term and long-term? Through a systematic follow-up investigation in different high arsenic regions in Inner Mongolia, the environmental arsenic and human body internal arsenic exposure were analyzed, the clinical characteristics and signs of arsenism patients were examined. We established the evaluation system of intervention and control measures for population exposed to high arsenic. This evaluation system and control measures included government and exposed population. For government, change water supply and keep it work well and health education is very important. For exposed population, improving the diet and treating the symptoms or signs related to arsenic is more necessary. Arsenic in human body such as nail or urine sample arsenic must be reduced to normal value and this index show that the subject if still or not expose to high arsenic.展开更多
A new method jamming against Waveform Agile SAR/GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indication) is proposed, which is called the intermittent sampling motion scatter wave jamming. This jamming can form multi-false vivid target...A new method jamming against Waveform Agile SAR/GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indication) is proposed, which is called the intermittent sampling motion scatter wave jamming. This jamming can form multi-false vivid targets scene taking the real moving targets’ all scattering information. The intermittent sampling repeater can also repeat in the waveform agile SAR current pulses. As a clever jamming mode, this jamming may realize electronic counter measure (ECM) against wave- form agile SAR. Detailed discussions about the jamming performance are given. The processing output of the jamming is derived theoretically. The superiority of this jamming is analyzed in theory. The theoretical feasibility and validity are proved by simulation experiments.展开更多
Volumetric combustion has been developed to realize a high substitution ratio of biomass in co-firing boilers, which features an intensive flue gas internal recirculation inside furnace. However, the characteristics o...Volumetric combustion has been developed to realize a high substitution ratio of biomass in co-firing boilers, which features an intensive flue gas internal recirculation inside furnace. However, the characteristics of NOx and SOx emissions in large-scale boilers with volumetric combustion were not fully clear. In this paper, an Aspen Plus model of volumetric combustion system was built up based on a co-firing boiler. In order to characterize the reductions of NOx and SOx, three biomass substitution ratios were involved, namely, 100% biomass, 45% biomass with 55% coal, and 100% coal. The effects of flue gas recirculation ratio, air preheating temperature, oxygen concentration, and fuel types on pollutants emission in the volumetric combustion system were investigated. According to the results, it was concluded the higher substitution ratio of biomass in a co-firing boiler, the lower emissions of NOx and SOx. Moreover, flue gas internal recirculation is an effective pathway for NOx reduction and an increased recirculation ratio resulted in a significant decreasing of NOx emission;however, the SOx increased slightly. The influences of air preheating temperature and O2 concentration on NOx emission were getting weak with increasing of recirculation ratio. When 10% or even higher of flue gas was recycled, it was observed that almost no NOx formed thermodynamically under all studied conditions. Finally, to reach a low emission level of NOx, less energy would be consumed during biomass combustion than coal combustion process for internal recirculation of flue gas.展开更多
Resource-and energy-efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions.This stu...Resource-and energy-efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions.This study investigated green graphite production from biomass waste and its applications to establish a green graphite industry.Biomass pyrolysis and catalytic graphitization of biochar were studied first to produce green graphite.The optimized green graphite exhibited a reversible capacity of 264 mA h/g and 97%capacity retention over 100 cycles in a half-cell.Green graphite electrodes with a resistivity lower than 5μΩm were fabricated by using organic fraction bio-oil as a green binder.Other green graphite applications,including printing,conductive printing,pencils,and refractories,were also achieved.The overall process of graphite anode and electrode synthesis from biomass waste and short-rotation energy crops was modeled.Approx.95 kg of battery graphite or 109 kg of metallurgical graphite electrodes can be produced per ton of biomass with low primary energy consumption and carbon footprint.Prominently,the modeling result and life cycle assessment demonstrated that,for the production of battery graphite from biomass waste,net-negative-CO_(2)emissions(−0.57 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg graphite powders)with net-negative-primary energy consumption(−28.31 MJ/kg graphite powders)was achieved.展开更多
Decellularised extracellular matrix(dECM)biomaterials originating from allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have been broadly studied in the field of regenerative medicine and have already been used in clinical treatment...Decellularised extracellular matrix(dECM)biomaterials originating from allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have been broadly studied in the field of regenerative medicine and have already been used in clinical treatments.Allogeneic dECMs are considered more compatible,but they have the drawback of extremely limited human tissue sources.Their availability is also restricted by the health and age of the donors.To investigate the viability of xenogeneic tissues as a substitute for human tissues,we fabricated both porcine decellularised nerve matrix(pDNM)and human decellularised nerve matrix for a comprehensive comparison.Photomicrographs showed that both dECM scaffolds retained the ECM microstructures of native human nerve tissues.Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the protein compositions of both dECMs were also very similar to each other.Their functional ECM contents effectively promoted the proliferation,migration,and maturation of primary human Schwann cells in vitro.However,pDNM contained a few antigens that induced severe host immune responses in humanised mice.Interestingly,after removing theα-galactosidase antigen,the immune responses were highly alleviated and the pre-treated pDNM maintained a human decellularised nerve matrix-like pro-regenerative phenotype.Therefore,we believe that anα-galactosidase-free pDNM may serve as a viable substitute for human decellularised nerve matrix in future clinical applications.展开更多
Bats have been implicated as important reservoir hosts of alpha- and betacoronaviruses. In this study, diverse coronaviruses(CoVs) were detected in 50 of 951(positive rate 5.3%) intestinal specimens of eight bat speci...Bats have been implicated as important reservoir hosts of alpha- and betacoronaviruses. In this study, diverse coronaviruses(CoVs) were detected in 50 of 951(positive rate 5.3%) intestinal specimens of eight bat species collected in four provinces and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China by pan-coronavirus RT-PCR screening. Based on 400-nt RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(Rd RP) sequence analysis, eight belonged to genus Alphacoronavirus and 42 to Betacoronavirus.Among the 50 positive specimens, thirteen gave rise to CoV full-length Rd RP gene amplification for further sequence comparison, of which three divergent sequences(two from a unreported province) were subjected to full genome sequencing. Two complete genomes of betacoronaviruses(JTMC15 and JPDB144) and one nearly-complete genome of alphacoronavirus(JTAC2) were sequenced and their genomic organization predicted. The present study has identified additional numbers of genetically diverse bat-borne coronaviruses with a wide distribution in China. Two new species of bat CoV, identified through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis, are proposed.展开更多
Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the N proteins of highly pathogenic hum...Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the N proteins of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),were found to bind MASP-2,a key serine protease in the lectin pathway of complement activation,resulting in excessive complement activation by potentiating MBL-dependent MASP-2 activation,and the deposition of MASP-2,C4b,activated C3 and C5b-9.Aggravated inflammatory lung injury was observed in mice infected with adenovirus expressing the N protein.Complement hyperactivation was also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.Either blocking the N protein:MASP-2 interaction,MASP-2 depletion or suppressing complement activation can significantly alleviate N protein-induced complement hyperactivation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo.Altogether,these data suggested that complement suppression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for pneumonia induced by these highly pathogenic coronaviruses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30471917 and 30770766
文摘Studies have demonstrated that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can significantly alleviate oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at least partly associated with its enhancement on oxygen glucose deprivation-induced hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression.In this study,we hypothesized that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of newborn rat brain microvascular endothelial cells by means of upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression.MTT assay and Hoechst staining results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide protected brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner.Western blot and immunofluorescent staining results further confirmed that the protective effect was related to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α.Real-time RT-PCR reaction results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide reduced apoptosis by inhibiting downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3 mRNA expression and upregulation of apoptosis-executive protease bcl-2 mRNA expression;however,DL-3-n-butylphthalide had no protective effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells after knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α by small interfering RNA.These findings suggest that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury by upregulating bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 expression though hypoxia inducible factor-1α pathway.
基金supported by State Grid Corporation Technology Project (5400-201956447A-0-0-00)。
文摘In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improve their individual operating efficiency and overall economic benefits. Demand response, as a multi-energy supply and demand balance method, can further improve system flexibility and economy. Therefore, a multi-energy cooperative system optimization model has been proposed, which is driven by price-based demand response to determine the impact of power-demand response on the optimal operating mode of a multi-energy cooperative system. The main components of the multi-energy collaborative system have been analyzed. The multi-energy coupling characteristics have been identified based on the energy hub model. Using market elasticity as a basis, a price-based demand response model has been built. The model has been optimized to minimize daily operating cost of the multi-energy collaborative system. Using data from an actual situation, the model has been verified, and we have shown that the adoption of price-based demand response measures can significantly improve the economy of multi-energy collaborative systems.
文摘Chronic exposed to high arsenic via drinking water is worldwide public health problem. A large number of epidemiological studies showed that exposed to arsenic cause the human body skin lesions and also induce cancer, cardiovascular and other kind of diseases. So arsenism not only affect the person’s work capability and life quality but also result in economic losses and mental suffering. How to prevent and control the effects of high arsenic? What intervention is more important and necessary for arsenism? How to scientifically assess the interventions effect of short-term and long-term? Through a systematic follow-up investigation in different high arsenic regions in Inner Mongolia, the environmental arsenic and human body internal arsenic exposure were analyzed, the clinical characteristics and signs of arsenism patients were examined. We established the evaluation system of intervention and control measures for population exposed to high arsenic. This evaluation system and control measures included government and exposed population. For government, change water supply and keep it work well and health education is very important. For exposed population, improving the diet and treating the symptoms or signs related to arsenic is more necessary. Arsenic in human body such as nail or urine sample arsenic must be reduced to normal value and this index show that the subject if still or not expose to high arsenic.
文摘A new method jamming against Waveform Agile SAR/GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indication) is proposed, which is called the intermittent sampling motion scatter wave jamming. This jamming can form multi-false vivid targets scene taking the real moving targets’ all scattering information. The intermittent sampling repeater can also repeat in the waveform agile SAR current pulses. As a clever jamming mode, this jamming may realize electronic counter measure (ECM) against wave- form agile SAR. Detailed discussions about the jamming performance are given. The processing output of the jamming is derived theoretically. The superiority of this jamming is analyzed in theory. The theoretical feasibility and validity are proved by simulation experiments.
文摘Volumetric combustion has been developed to realize a high substitution ratio of biomass in co-firing boilers, which features an intensive flue gas internal recirculation inside furnace. However, the characteristics of NOx and SOx emissions in large-scale boilers with volumetric combustion were not fully clear. In this paper, an Aspen Plus model of volumetric combustion system was built up based on a co-firing boiler. In order to characterize the reductions of NOx and SOx, three biomass substitution ratios were involved, namely, 100% biomass, 45% biomass with 55% coal, and 100% coal. The effects of flue gas recirculation ratio, air preheating temperature, oxygen concentration, and fuel types on pollutants emission in the volumetric combustion system were investigated. According to the results, it was concluded the higher substitution ratio of biomass in a co-firing boiler, the lower emissions of NOx and SOx. Moreover, flue gas internal recirculation is an effective pathway for NOx reduction and an increased recirculation ratio resulted in a significant decreasing of NOx emission;however, the SOx increased slightly. The influences of air preheating temperature and O2 concentration on NOx emission were getting weak with increasing of recirculation ratio. When 10% or even higher of flue gas was recycled, it was observed that almost no NOx formed thermodynamically under all studied conditions. Finally, to reach a low emission level of NOx, less energy would be consumed during biomass combustion than coal combustion process for internal recirculation of flue gas.
基金Bio+programEnergimyndigheten-The Swedish Energy Agency,Grant/Award Number:2021-00048Teknikomrade 23。
文摘Resource-and energy-efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions.This study investigated green graphite production from biomass waste and its applications to establish a green graphite industry.Biomass pyrolysis and catalytic graphitization of biochar were studied first to produce green graphite.The optimized green graphite exhibited a reversible capacity of 264 mA h/g and 97%capacity retention over 100 cycles in a half-cell.Green graphite electrodes with a resistivity lower than 5μΩm were fabricated by using organic fraction bio-oil as a green binder.Other green graphite applications,including printing,conductive printing,pencils,and refractories,were also achieved.The overall process of graphite anode and electrode synthesis from biomass waste and short-rotation energy crops was modeled.Approx.95 kg of battery graphite or 109 kg of metallurgical graphite electrodes can be produced per ton of biomass with low primary energy consumption and carbon footprint.Prominently,the modeling result and life cycle assessment demonstrated that,for the production of battery graphite from biomass waste,net-negative-CO_(2)emissions(−0.57 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg graphite powders)with net-negative-primary energy consumption(−28.31 MJ/kg graphite powders)was achieved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51903255 and 52073314)The Key Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111150003)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City(No.201904010364).
文摘Decellularised extracellular matrix(dECM)biomaterials originating from allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have been broadly studied in the field of regenerative medicine and have already been used in clinical treatments.Allogeneic dECMs are considered more compatible,but they have the drawback of extremely limited human tissue sources.Their availability is also restricted by the health and age of the donors.To investigate the viability of xenogeneic tissues as a substitute for human tissues,we fabricated both porcine decellularised nerve matrix(pDNM)and human decellularised nerve matrix for a comprehensive comparison.Photomicrographs showed that both dECM scaffolds retained the ECM microstructures of native human nerve tissues.Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the protein compositions of both dECMs were also very similar to each other.Their functional ECM contents effectively promoted the proliferation,migration,and maturation of primary human Schwann cells in vitro.However,pDNM contained a few antigens that induced severe host immune responses in humanised mice.Interestingly,after removing theα-galactosidase antigen,the immune responses were highly alleviated and the pre-treated pDNM maintained a human decellularised nerve matrix-like pro-regenerative phenotype.Therefore,we believe that anα-galactosidase-free pDNM may serve as a viable substitute for human decellularised nerve matrix in future clinical applications.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Basic Work Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013FY113600)NSFC-Yunnan Province Joint Fund(U1036601)Military Medical Health(13CXZ024)
文摘Bats have been implicated as important reservoir hosts of alpha- and betacoronaviruses. In this study, diverse coronaviruses(CoVs) were detected in 50 of 951(positive rate 5.3%) intestinal specimens of eight bat species collected in four provinces and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China by pan-coronavirus RT-PCR screening. Based on 400-nt RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(Rd RP) sequence analysis, eight belonged to genus Alphacoronavirus and 42 to Betacoronavirus.Among the 50 positive specimens, thirteen gave rise to CoV full-length Rd RP gene amplification for further sequence comparison, of which three divergent sequences(two from a unreported province) were subjected to full genome sequencing. Two complete genomes of betacoronaviruses(JTMC15 and JPDB144) and one nearly-complete genome of alphacoronavirus(JTAC2) were sequenced and their genomic organization predicted. The present study has identified additional numbers of genetically diverse bat-borne coronaviruses with a wide distribution in China. Two new species of bat CoV, identified through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis, are proposed.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Projects(2018ZX09711003-005-005 and 2018ZX09201017-007)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB518902).
文摘Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the N proteins of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),were found to bind MASP-2,a key serine protease in the lectin pathway of complement activation,resulting in excessive complement activation by potentiating MBL-dependent MASP-2 activation,and the deposition of MASP-2,C4b,activated C3 and C5b-9.Aggravated inflammatory lung injury was observed in mice infected with adenovirus expressing the N protein.Complement hyperactivation was also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.Either blocking the N protein:MASP-2 interaction,MASP-2 depletion or suppressing complement activation can significantly alleviate N protein-induced complement hyperactivation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo.Altogether,these data suggested that complement suppression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for pneumonia induced by these highly pathogenic coronaviruses.
基金The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their careful reading and comments. This work of the first author was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11671246, 91730303, 11371102） and the work of the second author was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 91730304, 11371102, 91330201）.
