The terrestrial time-variable gravity measurements are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the sources of mass change in the Earth's crust.These gravity data have many applications,suc...The terrestrial time-variable gravity measurements are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the sources of mass change in the Earth's crust.These gravity data have many applications,such as surface deformation,groundwater storage changes,and mass migration before and after earthquakes.Based on repeated terrestrial gravity measurements at 198 gravity stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region(SYR)from 2015 to 2017,we determine a time series of degree 120 gravity fields using the localized spherical harmonic(Slepian)basis functions.Our results show that adopting the first 6 Slepian basis functions is sufficient for effective localized Slepian modeling in the SYR.The differences between two gravity campaigns at the same time of year show an obvious correlation with tectonic features.The degree 120 timevariable gravity models presented in this paper will benefit the study of the regional mass migration inside the crust of the SYR and supplement the existing geophysical models for the China Seismic Experimental Site.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)MoB metal borides(MoB MBene)have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and functional applications.So far,work on the synthesis of 2D MoB nanosheets by acid or alkaline etchin...Two-dimensional(2D)MoB metal borides(MoB MBene)have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and functional applications.So far,work on the synthesis of 2D MoB nanosheets by acid or alkaline etching of MoAlB has not been very successful.It has been proposed that the 2D MoB MBene may be fabricated by chemical etching of a Mo_(2)AlB_(2) precursor,but further investigations were not performed possibly due to the difficult preparation of the metastable Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound at high temperatures by solid-state reactions.Here,we report on the successful synthesis of the Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound and 2D MoB nanosheets by the deintercalation of Al from MoAlB through a ZnCl_(2) molten salt etching approach at relatively low temperatures.The influence of etching temperature,etching time,and starting mixtures on the formation of desirable phases have been investigated.A pure Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound was synthesized at temperatures below 600℃,while the 2D MoB MBene nanosheets were obtained at 700℃through the molten salt etching of MoAlB.In addition,the present work further confirms that the MoB MBene can be prepared by etching the as-synthesized Mo_(2)AlB_(2) precursor in LiF–HCl solution.Our work demonstrates that the molten salt etching is an effective method to prepare 2D MoB MBene.展开更多
Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tender...Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and,to some degree,are controversial due to lack of theoretical support.Thus,understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is essential.This article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system,as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing tenderness.In general,the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities,and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other interventions.The calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis,glycolysis,apoptosis and metabolic modification.Additionally,tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes,chemistry,physics and the combined methods are discussed in depth.Particularly,innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by consumers.Furthermore,the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled tenderness.Finally,future trends in developing new tenderising techniques,and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value.展开更多
Background Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis(IPAA)was the first choice for the surgical treatment of the ulcerative colitis(UC)patients.The data on the predictive value of the ulcerative colitis...Background Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis(IPAA)was the first choice for the surgical treatment of the ulcerative colitis(UC)patients.The data on the predictive value of the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity(UCEIS)for the need for IPAA in UC patients is scarce.We aimed to establish the UCEIS cut-off value to further analyse whether the UCEIS cut-off was suitable for predicting the need for IPAA in UC patients.Methods The clinical data of UC patients from June 1986 to March 2020 at our institute were retrospectively assessed.The UCEIS scores recorded at the time of the first colonoscopy after hospitalization were used in the study.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the UCEIS cut-off value for predicting the need for IPAA.Results A total of 283 UC patients were included in the study,with a median UCEIS of 4.During a median follow-up of 13 years,80 patients(28.3%)received surgery invention,among whom 75(93.8%)underwent IPAA surgery and 5(6.2%)received subtotal colectomy with permanent ostomy.A UCEIS cut-off of 6 had the most significant area under the curve of 0.769 for predicting the need for IPAA(P<0.001),with a sensitivity of 72.0%and specificity of 81.8%.UCEIS≥6 was an independent predictive factor for the need for IPAA(P<0.001)and malignant transformation(P=0.010).Patients with UCEIS≥6 had a significantly shorter IPAA-free survival time than those with UCEIS<6(P<0.001).Conclusions UCEIS≥6 may be a threshold value for decision-making for IPAA and should be recommended for UC patients for reducing the incidence of malignant transformation.展开更多
Background:Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth,but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil.Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity.Thymo...Background:Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth,but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil.Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity.Thymol is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial properties.However,little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant physiology.Here we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium toxicity.Results:Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress,which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,oxidative injury,and cell death in both shoots and roots.Polyamine oxidase(PAO)metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress conditions.Thymol blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs,which contributed to the decrease in ROS content.In rice seedlings upon ammonium stress,thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters(AMT1;1 and AMT1;2);thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23(CIPK23)and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1(CBL1),two negative regulators of AMTs.This may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium environment.Correlation analysis indicated that PAOs,AMTs,and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ammonium.Conclusion:Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium transporters.Such findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production.展开更多
The effects of ultrasound power on extraction kinetic model,and physicochemical and structural characteristics of collagen from chicken lung were studied.Ultrasound power caused a significant increase in extraction ra...The effects of ultrasound power on extraction kinetic model,and physicochemical and structural characteristics of collagen from chicken lung were studied.Ultrasound power caused a significant increase in extraction rate and equilibrium concentration,with the maximum extraction yield(31.25%)at 150 W.The experimental data were consistent with the predicted ones in this empirical equation,in which the percentage error differences was 0.026–4.159%.Besides,ultrasound treatment did not affect their triple-helical structure.The thermal stability of pepsin-soluble collagen by ultrasound pretreatment(UPSC)was higher,due to the higher imino acid content(20.76%).UPSC also exhibited better solubility and fibril forming capacity.Overall,the kinetic model of UPSC from chicken lung could serve the purpose of obtaining collagen,which displayed a potential alternative source to mammal collagens for application in food,biomaterials and biomedical fields.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41974095,41774090,and U1939205)the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(Nos.DQJB20X09,and DQJB21R30)The first author acknowledges support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M641424)。
文摘The terrestrial time-variable gravity measurements are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the sources of mass change in the Earth's crust.These gravity data have many applications,such as surface deformation,groundwater storage changes,and mass migration before and after earthquakes.Based on repeated terrestrial gravity measurements at 198 gravity stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region(SYR)from 2015 to 2017,we determine a time series of degree 120 gravity fields using the localized spherical harmonic(Slepian)basis functions.Our results show that adopting the first 6 Slepian basis functions is sufficient for effective localized Slepian modeling in the SYR.The differences between two gravity campaigns at the same time of year show an obvious correlation with tectonic features.The degree 120 timevariable gravity models presented in this paper will benefit the study of the regional mass migration inside the crust of the SYR and supplement the existing geophysical models for the China Seismic Experimental Site.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022YJS088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275171).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)MoB metal borides(MoB MBene)have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and functional applications.So far,work on the synthesis of 2D MoB nanosheets by acid or alkaline etching of MoAlB has not been very successful.It has been proposed that the 2D MoB MBene may be fabricated by chemical etching of a Mo_(2)AlB_(2) precursor,but further investigations were not performed possibly due to the difficult preparation of the metastable Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound at high temperatures by solid-state reactions.Here,we report on the successful synthesis of the Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound and 2D MoB nanosheets by the deintercalation of Al from MoAlB through a ZnCl_(2) molten salt etching approach at relatively low temperatures.The influence of etching temperature,etching time,and starting mixtures on the formation of desirable phases have been investigated.A pure Mo_(2)AlB_(2) compound was synthesized at temperatures below 600℃,while the 2D MoB MBene nanosheets were obtained at 700℃through the molten salt etching of MoAlB.In addition,the present work further confirms that the MoB MBene can be prepared by etching the as-synthesized Mo_(2)AlB_(2) precursor in LiF–HCl solution.Our work demonstrates that the molten salt etching is an effective method to prepare 2D MoB MBene.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901612)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Projects of Jiangsu Province(CX(18)1006).
文摘Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and,to some degree,are controversial due to lack of theoretical support.Thus,understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is essential.This article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system,as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing tenderness.In general,the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities,and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other interventions.The calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis,glycolysis,apoptosis and metabolic modification.Additionally,tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes,chemistry,physics and the combined methods are discussed in depth.Particularly,innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by consumers.Furthermore,the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled tenderness.Finally,future trends in developing new tenderising techniques,and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.82000481]the Shanghai Sailing Program[No.20YF1429400].
文摘Background Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis(IPAA)was the first choice for the surgical treatment of the ulcerative colitis(UC)patients.The data on the predictive value of the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity(UCEIS)for the need for IPAA in UC patients is scarce.We aimed to establish the UCEIS cut-off value to further analyse whether the UCEIS cut-off was suitable for predicting the need for IPAA in UC patients.Methods The clinical data of UC patients from June 1986 to March 2020 at our institute were retrospectively assessed.The UCEIS scores recorded at the time of the first colonoscopy after hospitalization were used in the study.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the UCEIS cut-off value for predicting the need for IPAA.Results A total of 283 UC patients were included in the study,with a median UCEIS of 4.During a median follow-up of 13 years,80 patients(28.3%)received surgery invention,among whom 75(93.8%)underwent IPAA surgery and 5(6.2%)received subtotal colectomy with permanent ostomy.A UCEIS cut-off of 6 had the most significant area under the curve of 0.769 for predicting the need for IPAA(P<0.001),with a sensitivity of 72.0%and specificity of 81.8%.UCEIS≥6 was an independent predictive factor for the need for IPAA(P<0.001)and malignant transformation(P=0.010).Patients with UCEIS≥6 had a significantly shorter IPAA-free survival time than those with UCEIS<6(P<0.001).Conclusions UCEIS≥6 may be a threshold value for decision-making for IPAA and should be recommended for UC patients for reducing the incidence of malignant transformation.
文摘Background:Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth,but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil.Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity.Thymol is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial properties.However,little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant physiology.Here we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium toxicity.Results:Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress,which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,oxidative injury,and cell death in both shoots and roots.Polyamine oxidase(PAO)metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress conditions.Thymol blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs,which contributed to the decrease in ROS content.In rice seedlings upon ammonium stress,thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters(AMT1;1 and AMT1;2);thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23(CIPK23)and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1(CBL1),two negative regulators of AMTs.This may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium environment.Correlation analysis indicated that PAOs,AMTs,and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ammonium.Conclusion:Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium transporters.Such findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901612)China agriculture research system(CARS-41)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation Program of Jiangsu Province(BK20180300)Agricultural science and technology innovation fund projects of Jiangsu Province(CX(18)1006)Fundamental Research Funds for Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ZX(18)3009).
文摘The effects of ultrasound power on extraction kinetic model,and physicochemical and structural characteristics of collagen from chicken lung were studied.Ultrasound power caused a significant increase in extraction rate and equilibrium concentration,with the maximum extraction yield(31.25%)at 150 W.The experimental data were consistent with the predicted ones in this empirical equation,in which the percentage error differences was 0.026–4.159%.Besides,ultrasound treatment did not affect their triple-helical structure.The thermal stability of pepsin-soluble collagen by ultrasound pretreatment(UPSC)was higher,due to the higher imino acid content(20.76%).UPSC also exhibited better solubility and fibril forming capacity.Overall,the kinetic model of UPSC from chicken lung could serve the purpose of obtaining collagen,which displayed a potential alternative source to mammal collagens for application in food,biomaterials and biomedical fields.
