Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high ...Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high levels of Al.Understanding the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant may contribute to the improvement of tea plant cultivation and development of Al-tolerant crops.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the uptake,transport and accumulation of Al in tea plant and the genetic and environmental factors that affect these processes.We further highlight recent studies of Al in tea plant based on omics approaches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,ionomics and microbiomics.We present perspectives for future research that will be helpful to decipher the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant.展开更多
Naturally,resistant crop germplasms are important resources for managing the issues of agricultural product safety and environment deterioration.We found a spontaneous mutant of‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis ...Naturally,resistant crop germplasms are important resources for managing the issues of agricultural product safety and environment deterioration.We found a spontaneous mutant of‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)(MT)with broad-spectrum protections against fungal pathogens in the orchard,postharvest-storage,and artificial inoculation conditions.To understand the defense mechanism of MT fruit,we constructed a genome-scale metabolic network that integrated metabolome and transcriptome datasets.The coordinated transcriptomic and metabolic data were enriched in two sub-networks,showing the decrease in very long chain fatty acid(by 41.53%)and cuticular wax synthesis(by 81.34%),and increase in the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA)(by 95.23%)and JA-induced metabolites such as 5-dimethylnobietin(by 28.37%)in MT.Furthermore,cytological and biochemical analyses confirmed that the response to fungal infection in MT was independent of wax deficiency and was correlated with the levels of jasmonates,and the expression of plant defensin gene PDF1.2.Results of exogenous application of MeJA and JA inhibitors such as propyl gallate proved that JA-mediated defense contributes to the strong tolerance against pathogens in MT.Our results indicated that jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling are stimulated by the fatty acid redirection of MT,and participate in the tolerance of pathogenic fungi.展开更多
Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles （5-10 nm） have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly us...Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles （5-10 nm） have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly using the FeOOH/SWNT composite （containing 15 wt% SWNTs） as anode material for lithium battery enhances kinetics of the Li＋ insertion/extraction processes, thereby effectively improving re- versible capacity and cycle performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 758 mAh.g-1 under a current density of 400 mA.g-1 even after 180 cycles, being comparable with previous reports in terms of electrochemical performance for FeOOH anode. The good electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the small particle size and nano-crystalline of FeOOH, as well as the good electronic conductivity of SWNT matrix.展开更多
Both cuticle and membrane lipids play essential roles in quality maintenance and disease resistance in fresh fruits.Many reports have indicated the modification of alternative branch pathways in epicuticular wax mutan...Both cuticle and membrane lipids play essential roles in quality maintenance and disease resistance in fresh fruits.Many reports have indicated the modification of alternative branch pathways in epicuticular wax mutants;however,the specific alterations concerning lipids have not been clarified thus far.Here,we conducted a comprehensive,timeresolved lipidomic,and transcriptomic analysis on the“Newhall”navel orange(WT)and its glossy mutant(MT)“Gannan No.1”.The results revealed severely suppressed wax formation accompanied by significantly elevated production of 36-carbon plastid lipids with increasing fruit maturation in MT.Transcriptomics analysis further identified a series of key functional enzymes and transcription factors putatively involved in the biosynthesis pathways of wax and membrane lipids.Moreover,the high accumulation of jasmonic acid(JA)in MT was possibly due to the need to maintain plastid lipid homeostasis,as the expression levels of two significantly upregulated lipases(CsDAD1 and CsDALL2)were positively correlated with plastid lipids and characterized to hydrolyze plastid lipids to increase the JA content.Our results will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the natural variation of plant lipids to lay a foundation for the quality improvement of citrus fruit.展开更多
Sesquiterpene valencene is dominant in flavedo tissues of sweet oranges and imparts a unique woody aroma.However,the interaction between the biosynthetic pathways of valencene and other nutritional compounds is less s...Sesquiterpene valencene is dominant in flavedo tissues of sweet oranges and imparts a unique woody aroma.However,the interaction between the biosynthetic pathways of valencene and other nutritional compounds is less studied.Sesquiterpenoids were significantly accumulated in a previously reported glossy mutant of orange(MT)than the wild type(WT),especially valencene and caryophyllene.In addition,we identified several other pathways with variations at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels in MT.It’s interesting to found those upregulated metabolites in MT,such as eukaryotic lipids,kaempferol and proline also showed strong positive correlation with valencene along with fruit maturation while those down-regulated metabolites,such as phenylpropanoid coumarins and most of the modified flavonoids exhibited negative correlation.We then categorized these shifted pathways into the‘sesquitepenoid-identical shunt’and the sesquitepenoid-opposite shunt’and confirmed the classification result at transcriptional level.Our results provide important insights into the connections between various fruit quality-related properties.展开更多
Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for ...Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for lithium ion batteries（LIBs）, this composite exhibits a stable and large reversible capacity together with an excellent rate capability. In addition, an analysis of the AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to confirm the enhanced mechanism for LIB performance. The improved electrochemical performance should be ascribed greatly to the reinforced synergistic effects between GO and SWNT networks, and their enhanced contribution of the conductivity. These results indicate that this composite has potential for utilization in high-rate and durable LIBs.展开更多
Deciphering the genetic basis of plant secondary metabolism will provide useful insights for genetic improvement and enhance our fundamental understanding of plant biological processes.Although citrus plants are among...Deciphering the genetic basis of plant secondary metabolism will provide useful insights for genetic improvement and enhance our fundamental understanding of plant biological processes.Although citrus plants are among the most important fruit crops worldwide,the genetic basis of secondary metabolism in these plants is largely unknown.Here,we use a high-density linkage map to dissect large-scale flavonoid metabolic traits measured in different tissues(young leaf,old leaf,mature pericarp,and mature pulp)of an F_(1) pseudo-testcross citrus population.We detected 80 flavonoids in this population and identified 138 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for 57 flavonoids in these four tissues.Based on transcriptional profiling and functional annotation,twenty-one candidate genes were identified,and one gene encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase(F3H)was functionally verified to result in naturally occurring variation in dihydrokaempferol content through genetic variations in its promoter and coding regions.The abundant data resources collected for diverse citrus germplasms here lay the foundation for complete characterization of the citrus flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and will thereby promote efficient utilization of metabolites in citrus quality improvement.展开更多
Plants are the most important sources of food for humans,as well as supplying many ingredients that are of great importance for human health.Developing an understanding of the functional components of plant metabolism...Plants are the most important sources of food for humans,as well as supplying many ingredients that are of great importance for human health.Developing an understanding of the functional components of plant metabolism has attracted considerable attention.The rapid development of liquid chromatography and gas chromatography,coupled with mass spectrometry,has allowed the detection and characterization of many thousands of metabolites of plant origin.Nowadays,elucidating the detailed biosynthesis and degradation pathways of these metabolites represents a major bottleneck in our understanding.Recently,the decreased cost of genome and transcriptome sequencing rendered it possible to identify the genes involving in metabolic pathways.Here,we review the recent research which integrates metabolomic with different omics methods,to comprehensively identify structural and regulatory genes of the primary and secondary metabolic pathways.Finally,we discuss other novel methods that can accelerate the process of identification of metabolic pathways and,ultimately,identify metabolite function(s).展开更多
The temperate-tropical division of early maize germplasms to different agricultural environments was argu- ably the greatest adaptation process associated with the success and near ubiquitous importance of global maiz...The temperate-tropical division of early maize germplasms to different agricultural environments was argu- ably the greatest adaptation process associated with the success and near ubiquitous importance of global maize production. Deciphering this history is challenging, but new insight has been gained from examining 558 529 single nucleotide polymorphisms, expression data of 28 769 genes, and 662 traits collected from 368 diverse temperate and tropical maize inbred lines in this study. This is a new attempt to systematically exploit the mechanisms of the adaptation process in maize. Our results indicate that divergence between tropical and temperate lines apparently occurred 3400-6700 years ago. Seven hundred and one genomic selection signals and transcriptomic variants including 2700 differentially expressed individual genes and 389 rewired co-expression network genes were identified. These candidate signals were found to be functionally related to stress responses, and most were associated with directionally selected traits, which may have been an advantage under widely varying environmental conditions faced by maize as it was migrated away from its domestication center. Our study also clearly indicates that such stress adaptation could involve evolution of protein-coding sequences as well as transcriptome-level regulatory changes. The latter process may be a more flexible and dynamic way for maize to adapt to environmental changes along its short evolutionary history.展开更多
PLIP lipases can initiate jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis.However,little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this process.In this study,an ERF transcription factor(CsESE3)was found to be co-expressed with a...PLIP lipases can initiate jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis.However,little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this process.In this study,an ERF transcription factor(CsESE3)was found to be co-expressed with all necessary genes for JA biosynthesis and several key genes for wax biosynthesis in transcriptomes of‘Newhall’navel orange.CsESE3 shows partial sequence similarity to the well-known wax regulator SHINEs(SHNs),but lacks a complete MM protein domain.Ectopic overexpression of CsESE3 in tomato(OE)resulted in reduction of fruit surface brightness and dwarf phenotype compared to the wild type.The OE tomato lines also showed significant increases in the content of wax and JA and the expression of key genes related to their biosynthesis.Overexpression of CsESE3 in citrus callus and fruit enhanced the JA content and the expression of JA biosynthetic genes.Furthermore,CsESE3 could bind to and activate the promoters of two phospholipases from the PLIP gene family to initiate JA biosynthesis.Overall,this study indicated that CsESE3 could mediate JA biosynthesis by activating PLIP genes and positively modulate wax biosynthesis.The findings provide important insights into the coordinated control of two defense strategies of plants represented by wax and JA biosynthesis.展开更多
As the most valuable organ of tomato plants,fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process.A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit qu...As the most valuable organ of tomato plants,fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process.A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators.In recent years,with the development of the next generation sequencing,molecular and genetic analysis methods,lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll,carotenoid,cell wall,central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents,fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality.Here,both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes,the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed.Furthermore,a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis,fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1003103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(3211101118)NSFC-DFG collaborative project.
文摘Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high levels of Al.Understanding the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant may contribute to the improvement of tea plant cultivation and development of Al-tolerant crops.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the uptake,transport and accumulation of Al in tea plant and the genetic and environmental factors that affect these processes.We further highlight recent studies of Al in tea plant based on omics approaches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,ionomics and microbiomics.We present perspectives for future research that will be helpful to decipher the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772368,31572176,and 31521092)the National Modern Agriculture(Citrus)Technology Systems of China(No.CARS-27)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(2015BAD16B06).
文摘Naturally,resistant crop germplasms are important resources for managing the issues of agricultural product safety and environment deterioration.We found a spontaneous mutant of‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)(MT)with broad-spectrum protections against fungal pathogens in the orchard,postharvest-storage,and artificial inoculation conditions.To understand the defense mechanism of MT fruit,we constructed a genome-scale metabolic network that integrated metabolome and transcriptome datasets.The coordinated transcriptomic and metabolic data were enriched in two sub-networks,showing the decrease in very long chain fatty acid(by 41.53%)and cuticular wax synthesis(by 81.34%),and increase in the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA)(by 95.23%)and JA-induced metabolites such as 5-dimethylnobietin(by 28.37%)in MT.Furthermore,cytological and biochemical analyses confirmed that the response to fungal infection in MT was independent of wax deficiency and was correlated with the levels of jasmonates,and the expression of plant defensin gene PDF1.2.Results of exogenous application of MeJA and JA inhibitors such as propyl gallate proved that JA-mediated defense contributes to the strong tolerance against pathogens in MT.Our results indicated that jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling are stimulated by the fatty acid redirection of MT,and participate in the tolerance of pathogenic fungi.
基金supportted by the Natural Science Foundations of China(No.21203025,No.11004032 and No.11074039)
文摘Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles （5-10 nm） have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly using the FeOOH/SWNT composite （containing 15 wt% SWNTs） as anode material for lithium battery enhances kinetics of the Li＋ insertion/extraction processes, thereby effectively improving re- versible capacity and cycle performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 758 mAh.g-1 under a current density of 400 mA.g-1 even after 180 cycles, being comparable with previous reports in terms of electrochemical performance for FeOOH anode. The good electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the small particle size and nano-crystalline of FeOOH, as well as the good electronic conductivity of SWNT matrix.
基金financed by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772261)the Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-Innovation Foundation granted to W.W.
文摘Both cuticle and membrane lipids play essential roles in quality maintenance and disease resistance in fresh fruits.Many reports have indicated the modification of alternative branch pathways in epicuticular wax mutants;however,the specific alterations concerning lipids have not been clarified thus far.Here,we conducted a comprehensive,timeresolved lipidomic,and transcriptomic analysis on the“Newhall”navel orange(WT)and its glossy mutant(MT)“Gannan No.1”.The results revealed severely suppressed wax formation accompanied by significantly elevated production of 36-carbon plastid lipids with increasing fruit maturation in MT.Transcriptomics analysis further identified a series of key functional enzymes and transcription factors putatively involved in the biosynthesis pathways of wax and membrane lipids.Moreover,the high accumulation of jasmonic acid(JA)in MT was possibly due to the need to maintain plastid lipid homeostasis,as the expression levels of two significantly upregulated lipases(CsDAD1 and CsDALL2)were positively correlated with plastid lipids and characterized to hydrolyze plastid lipids to increase the JA content.Our results will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the natural variation of plant lipids to lay a foundation for the quality improvement of citrus fruit.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772261)the Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific & Technological Self-Innovation Foundation (Program No.2017RC002) to Dr. Weiwei Wen
文摘Sesquiterpene valencene is dominant in flavedo tissues of sweet oranges and imparts a unique woody aroma.However,the interaction between the biosynthetic pathways of valencene and other nutritional compounds is less studied.Sesquiterpenoids were significantly accumulated in a previously reported glossy mutant of orange(MT)than the wild type(WT),especially valencene and caryophyllene.In addition,we identified several other pathways with variations at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels in MT.It’s interesting to found those upregulated metabolites in MT,such as eukaryotic lipids,kaempferol and proline also showed strong positive correlation with valencene along with fruit maturation while those down-regulated metabolites,such as phenylpropanoid coumarins and most of the modified flavonoids exhibited negative correlation.We then categorized these shifted pathways into the‘sesquitepenoid-identical shunt’and the sesquitepenoid-opposite shunt’and confirmed the classification result at transcriptional level.Our results provide important insights into the connections between various fruit quality-related properties.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China(No.21203025,51202031,11004032 and 11074039)Funds of Education Committee of Fujian Province(JK2013010 and JA13064)
文摘Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for lithium ion batteries（LIBs）, this composite exhibits a stable and large reversible capacity together with an excellent rate capability. In addition, an analysis of the AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to confirm the enhanced mechanism for LIB performance. The improved electrochemical performance should be ascribed greatly to the reinforced synergistic effects between GO and SWNT networks, and their enhanced contribution of the conductivity. These results indicate that this composite has potential for utilization in high-rate and durable LIBs.
文摘Deciphering the genetic basis of plant secondary metabolism will provide useful insights for genetic improvement and enhance our fundamental understanding of plant biological processes.Although citrus plants are among the most important fruit crops worldwide,the genetic basis of secondary metabolism in these plants is largely unknown.Here,we use a high-density linkage map to dissect large-scale flavonoid metabolic traits measured in different tissues(young leaf,old leaf,mature pericarp,and mature pulp)of an F_(1) pseudo-testcross citrus population.We detected 80 flavonoids in this population and identified 138 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for 57 flavonoids in these four tissues.Based on transcriptional profiling and functional annotation,twenty-one candidate genes were identified,and one gene encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase(F3H)was functionally verified to result in naturally occurring variation in dihydrokaempferol content through genetic variations in its promoter and coding regions.The abundant data resources collected for diverse citrus germplasms here lay the foundation for complete characterization of the citrus flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and will thereby promote efficient utilization of metabolites in citrus quality improvement.
基金Feng Zhu and Yunjiang Cheng were supported by the Major Special Projects and Key R&D Projects in Yunnan Province(202102AE090020 and 202102AE090054)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory.Saleh Alseekh and Alisdair R.Fernie acknowledge funding of the PlantaSYST project by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(SGACSA no.664621 and no.739582 under FPA no.664620)Moreover,we apologize to researchers whose works are not properly reviewed here because of space limitation.
文摘Plants are the most important sources of food for humans,as well as supplying many ingredients that are of great importance for human health.Developing an understanding of the functional components of plant metabolism has attracted considerable attention.The rapid development of liquid chromatography and gas chromatography,coupled with mass spectrometry,has allowed the detection and characterization of many thousands of metabolites of plant origin.Nowadays,elucidating the detailed biosynthesis and degradation pathways of these metabolites represents a major bottleneck in our understanding.Recently,the decreased cost of genome and transcriptome sequencing rendered it possible to identify the genes involving in metabolic pathways.Here,we review the recent research which integrates metabolomic with different omics methods,to comprehensively identify structural and regulatory genes of the primary and secondary metabolic pathways.Finally,we discuss other novel methods that can accelerate the process of identification of metabolic pathways and,ultimately,identify metabolite function(s).
文摘The temperate-tropical division of early maize germplasms to different agricultural environments was argu- ably the greatest adaptation process associated with the success and near ubiquitous importance of global maize production. Deciphering this history is challenging, but new insight has been gained from examining 558 529 single nucleotide polymorphisms, expression data of 28 769 genes, and 662 traits collected from 368 diverse temperate and tropical maize inbred lines in this study. This is a new attempt to systematically exploit the mechanisms of the adaptation process in maize. Our results indicate that divergence between tropical and temperate lines apparently occurred 3400-6700 years ago. Seven hundred and one genomic selection signals and transcriptomic variants including 2700 differentially expressed individual genes and 389 rewired co-expression network genes were identified. These candidate signals were found to be functionally related to stress responses, and most were associated with directionally selected traits, which may have been an advantage under widely varying environmental conditions faced by maize as it was migrated away from its domestication center. Our study also clearly indicates that such stress adaptation could involve evolution of protein-coding sequences as well as transcriptome-level regulatory changes. The latter process may be a more flexible and dynamic way for maize to adapt to environmental changes along its short evolutionary history.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772261)the Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-Innovation Foundation(Program No.2017RC002 and No.2662018PY012) to Dr.Weiwei WenHZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2021004)to Weiwei Wen.
文摘PLIP lipases can initiate jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis.However,little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this process.In this study,an ERF transcription factor(CsESE3)was found to be co-expressed with all necessary genes for JA biosynthesis and several key genes for wax biosynthesis in transcriptomes of‘Newhall’navel orange.CsESE3 shows partial sequence similarity to the well-known wax regulator SHINEs(SHNs),but lacks a complete MM protein domain.Ectopic overexpression of CsESE3 in tomato(OE)resulted in reduction of fruit surface brightness and dwarf phenotype compared to the wild type.The OE tomato lines also showed significant increases in the content of wax and JA and the expression of key genes related to their biosynthesis.Overexpression of CsESE3 in citrus callus and fruit enhanced the JA content and the expression of JA biosynthetic genes.Furthermore,CsESE3 could bind to and activate the promoters of two phospholipases from the PLIP gene family to initiate JA biosynthesis.Overall,this study indicated that CsESE3 could mediate JA biosynthesis by activating PLIP genes and positively modulate wax biosynthesis.The findings provide important insights into the coordinated control of two defense strategies of plants represented by wax and JA biosynthesis.
基金F.Z and Y.C.acknowledge funding of the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000200)A.R.F.acknowledge funding of the PlantaSYST project by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(SGA-CSA no.664621 and no.739582 under FPA no.664620).
文摘As the most valuable organ of tomato plants,fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process.A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators.In recent years,with the development of the next generation sequencing,molecular and genetic analysis methods,lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll,carotenoid,cell wall,central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents,fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality.Here,both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes,the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed.Furthermore,a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis,fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.
