Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR bios...Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.展开更多
Asphaltene deposition is a significant problem during gas injection processes,as it can block the porous medium,the wellbore,and the involved facilities,significantly impacting reservoir productivity and ultimate oil re...Asphaltene deposition is a significant problem during gas injection processes,as it can block the porous medium,the wellbore,and the involved facilities,significantly impacting reservoir productivity and ultimate oil recovery.Only a few studies have investigated the numerical modeling of this potential effect in porous media.This study focuses on asphaltene deposition due to natural gas and CO_(2) injection.Predictions of the effect of gas injection on asphaltene deposition behavior have been made using a 3D numerical simulation model.The results indicate that the injection of natural gas exacerbates asphaltene deposition,leading to a significant reduction in permeability near the injection well and throughout the reservoir.This reduction in permeability strongly affects the ability of gas toflow through the reservoir,resulting in an improvement of the displacement front.The displacement effi-ciency of the injection gas process increases by up to 1.40%when gas is injected at 5500 psi,compared to the scenario where the asphaltene model is not considered.CO_(2) injection leads to a miscible process with crude oil,extracting light and intermediate components,which intensifies asphaltene precipitation and increases the viscosity of the remaining crude oil,ultimately reducing the recovery rate.展开更多
The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a...The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands.When attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field, the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is equal to twice the power frequency;the oscillation amplitude is monotonically increasing with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the change of Stark-shift is smaller than the radio frequency. Our work paves the way for measurement of power-frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms.展开更多
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this stu...Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.展开更多
We study theoretically the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a doubly driven two-level system with an additional relative phase between the two driving modes introduced in. It is shown that the time evolution of the sys...We study theoretically the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a doubly driven two-level system with an additional relative phase between the two driving modes introduced in. It is shown that the time evolution of the system strongly depends on this relative phase. The condition for the system returning to its initial state after a single period is given by the means of the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana destructive interference. The nonadiabatic geometric phase accompanying a cyclic evolution is shown to be related to the Stokes phase as well as this relative phase. By controlling the relative phase, the geometric phase can characterize two distinct phases in the adiabatic limit.展开更多
The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance.In this work,silk fibroin was used as scaffold to ...The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance.In this work,silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels.The ungelled SiO_(2)precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying.By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles,SiO_(2)was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property.By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt%to 21 wt%,the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%.The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel,as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1.Moreover,the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel.Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance,which has potential application as thermal insulation material.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liangshan,officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern portion of Sichuan Province.It has been a remote and deeply impoverished area and also ...BACKGROUND Liangshan,officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern portion of Sichuan Province.It has been a remote and deeply impoverished area and also has the largest population of ethnic Yi people in China(1).For many years,due to geographical environment conditions,traffic conditions,and other historic restrictions,the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic in Liangshan Prefecture has become the focus of HIV prevention and control in China since the first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)case was reported in this area in 1995(2-3).展开更多
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872149,32172609)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-A18),the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]020)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System,and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.
基金funded by CNOOC Production Research Project(CCL2022SZPS0076).
文摘Asphaltene deposition is a significant problem during gas injection processes,as it can block the porous medium,the wellbore,and the involved facilities,significantly impacting reservoir productivity and ultimate oil recovery.Only a few studies have investigated the numerical modeling of this potential effect in porous media.This study focuses on asphaltene deposition due to natural gas and CO_(2) injection.Predictions of the effect of gas injection on asphaltene deposition behavior have been made using a 3D numerical simulation model.The results indicate that the injection of natural gas exacerbates asphaltene deposition,leading to a significant reduction in permeability near the injection well and throughout the reservoir.This reduction in permeability strongly affects the ability of gas toflow through the reservoir,resulting in an improvement of the displacement front.The displacement effi-ciency of the injection gas process increases by up to 1.40%when gas is injected at 5500 psi,compared to the scenario where the asphaltene model is not considered.CO_(2) injection leads to a miscible process with crude oil,extracting light and intermediate components,which intensifies asphaltene precipitation and increases the viscosity of the remaining crude oil,ultimately reducing the recovery rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12274045)the Special Foundation for Theoretical Physics Research Program of China (Grant No. 11647165)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2020M673118)。
文摘The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands.When attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field, the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is equal to twice the power frequency;the oscillation amplitude is monotonically increasing with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the change of Stark-shift is smaller than the radio frequency. Our work paves the way for measurement of power-frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772850 and 82273300)。
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.
基金the Special Foundation for theoretical physics Research Program of China (Grant No. 11647165)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Project No. 2020M673118)+3 种基金the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11874247)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304500)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, China (Grant No. KF201703)the support from Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory (Grant No. 2019B121203002)。
文摘We study theoretically the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a doubly driven two-level system with an additional relative phase between the two driving modes introduced in. It is shown that the time evolution of the system strongly depends on this relative phase. The condition for the system returning to its initial state after a single period is given by the means of the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana destructive interference. The nonadiabatic geometric phase accompanying a cyclic evolution is shown to be related to the Stokes phase as well as this relative phase. By controlling the relative phase, the geometric phase can characterize two distinct phases in the adiabatic limit.
文摘The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance.In this work,silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels.The ungelled SiO_(2)precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying.By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles,SiO_(2)was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property.By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt%to 21 wt%,the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%.The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel,as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1.Moreover,the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel.Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance,which has potential application as thermal insulation material.
文摘BACKGROUND Liangshan,officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern portion of Sichuan Province.It has been a remote and deeply impoverished area and also has the largest population of ethnic Yi people in China(1).For many years,due to geographical environment conditions,traffic conditions,and other historic restrictions,the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic in Liangshan Prefecture has become the focus of HIV prevention and control in China since the first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)case was reported in this area in 1995(2-3).
