Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop...Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.展开更多
Theγ-rays are widely and abundantly present in strong nuclear radiation environments,and when they act on the camera equipment used to obtain environmental visual information on nuclear robots,radiation effects will ...Theγ-rays are widely and abundantly present in strong nuclear radiation environments,and when they act on the camera equipment used to obtain environmental visual information on nuclear robots,radiation effects will occur,which will degrade the performance of the camera system,reduce the imaging quality,and even cause catastrophic consequences.Color reducibility is an important index for evaluating the imaging quality of color camera,but its degradation mechanism in a nuclear radiation environment is still unclear.In this paper,theγ-ray irradiation experiments of CMOS cameras were carried out to analyse the degradation law of the camera’s color reducibility with cumulative irradiation and reveal the degradation mechanism of the color information of the CMOS camera underγ-ray irradiation.The results show that the spectral response of CMOS image sensor(CIS)and the spectral transmittance of lens after irradiation affect the values of a^(*)and b^(*)in the LAB color model.While the full well capacity(FWC)of CIS and transmittance of lens affect the value of L^(*)in the LAB color model,thus increase color difference and reduce brightness,the combined effect of color difference and brightness degradation will reduce the color reducibility of CMOS cameras.Therefore,the degradation of the color information of the CMOS camera afterγ-ray irradiation mainly comes from the changes in the FWC and spectral response of CIS,and the spectral transmittance of lens.展开更多
光谱响应是表征CCD性能的重要参数。为了研究辐射环境对CCD光谱响应产生影响的规律及物理机制,开展了不同粒子辐照实验,对CCD光谱响应曲线的退化形式及典型波长下CCD光响应的退化情况进行了分析。辐射效应对CCD光谱响应的影响可以分为...光谱响应是表征CCD性能的重要参数。为了研究辐射环境对CCD光谱响应产生影响的规律及物理机制,开展了不同粒子辐照实验,对CCD光谱响应曲线的退化形式及典型波长下CCD光响应的退化情况进行了分析。辐射效应对CCD光谱响应的影响可以分为电离总剂量效应和位移效应导致的退化,本文从这两种辐射效应出发,采用^(60)Co-γ射线及质子两种辐照条件,研究了CCD光谱响应的退化规律。针对4^(60) nm(蓝光)和700 nm(红光)等典型CCD光响应波长,从辐射效应导致的损伤缺陷方面分析了CCD光谱响应退化的物理机制。研究发现,在^(60)Co-γ射线辐照时CCD光谱响应曲线变化是由于暗信号增加导致的,而质子辐照导致CCD对700 nm波长的光响应退化明显大于4^(60) nm波长的光响应,且10 Me V质子导致的损伤比3 Me V质子更明显,表明位移损伤缺陷易导致CCD光谱响应退化。结果表明,电离总剂量效应主要导致CCD光谱响应整体变化,而位移效应则导致不同波长光的响应差异增大。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51909228 and 52209071)the “High-level Talents Support Program” of Yangzhou University+2 种基金“Chunhui Plan” Cooperative Scientific Research Project of Ministry of Education of China (HZKY20220115)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671623)the “Blue Project” of Yangzhou University。
文摘Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11805269)West Light Talent Training Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022-XBQNXZ-010)Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCLJ0042)。
文摘Theγ-rays are widely and abundantly present in strong nuclear radiation environments,and when they act on the camera equipment used to obtain environmental visual information on nuclear robots,radiation effects will occur,which will degrade the performance of the camera system,reduce the imaging quality,and even cause catastrophic consequences.Color reducibility is an important index for evaluating the imaging quality of color camera,but its degradation mechanism in a nuclear radiation environment is still unclear.In this paper,theγ-ray irradiation experiments of CMOS cameras were carried out to analyse the degradation law of the camera’s color reducibility with cumulative irradiation and reveal the degradation mechanism of the color information of the CMOS camera underγ-ray irradiation.The results show that the spectral response of CMOS image sensor(CIS)and the spectral transmittance of lens after irradiation affect the values of a^(*)and b^(*)in the LAB color model.While the full well capacity(FWC)of CIS and transmittance of lens affect the value of L^(*)in the LAB color model,thus increase color difference and reduce brightness,the combined effect of color difference and brightness degradation will reduce the color reducibility of CMOS cameras.Therefore,the degradation of the color information of the CMOS camera afterγ-ray irradiation mainly comes from the changes in the FWC and spectral response of CIS,and the spectral transmittance of lens.
文摘光谱响应是表征CCD性能的重要参数。为了研究辐射环境对CCD光谱响应产生影响的规律及物理机制,开展了不同粒子辐照实验,对CCD光谱响应曲线的退化形式及典型波长下CCD光响应的退化情况进行了分析。辐射效应对CCD光谱响应的影响可以分为电离总剂量效应和位移效应导致的退化,本文从这两种辐射效应出发,采用^(60)Co-γ射线及质子两种辐照条件,研究了CCD光谱响应的退化规律。针对4^(60) nm(蓝光)和700 nm(红光)等典型CCD光响应波长,从辐射效应导致的损伤缺陷方面分析了CCD光谱响应退化的物理机制。研究发现,在^(60)Co-γ射线辐照时CCD光谱响应曲线变化是由于暗信号增加导致的,而质子辐照导致CCD对700 nm波长的光响应退化明显大于4^(60) nm波长的光响应,且10 Me V质子导致的损伤比3 Me V质子更明显,表明位移损伤缺陷易导致CCD光谱响应退化。结果表明,电离总剂量效应主要导致CCD光谱响应整体变化,而位移效应则导致不同波长光的响应差异增大。
