BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes(T1D)may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose leve...BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes(T1D)may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.METHODS Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community,Tang-TangQuan■.Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income.Children were divided into three groups:Low-income(<30000 Yuan),middle-income(30000-100000 Yuan),and high-income(>100000 yuan)(1 Yuan=0.145 United States Dollar approximately).Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman’s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS From September 2015 to August 2022,1406 eligible children with T1D were included(779 female,55.4%).Median age was 8.1 years(Q1-Q3:4.6-11.6)and duration of T1D was 0.06 years(0.02-0.44).Participants were divided into three groups:Low-income(n=320),middle-income(n=724),and high-income(n=362).Baseline hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels were comparable among the three groups(P=0.072).However,at month 36,the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels(P=0.036).Within three years after registration,glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups.Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose(r=-0.272,P=0.012).After adjustment for confounders,parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels(odds ratio=13.02,95%CI:1.99 to 126.05,P=0.002).CONCLUSION The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status.It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.展开更多
Floating mechanical seals play an important part in the high-speed rotating machine,and its face deformation will lead to seal failure,also directly affects the device operation performance and service life.In this pa...Floating mechanical seals play an important part in the high-speed rotating machine,and its face deformation will lead to seal failure,also directly affects the device operation performance and service life.In this paper,based on the finite element method,a two-dimensional model of the thermal coupling numerical analysis high speed floating mechanical seal was established,and the influence of different parameters such as rotating speed,pressure,temperature and axial compression force on the deformation of seal face is analyzed.It is found that the dynamic and static face deformation increases exponentially with the increase of rotational speed.At high speed,with the increase of working pressure and temperature,the sealing face deformation increases linearly.When the working pressure reaches 8MPa,the sealing face is in dynamic balance,and no further deformation occurs.Under the condition of high speed and negative temperature difference,the deformation of the sealing end face is positive,with the increase of the axial compression force,the end face shrinked inward,and the deformation rate sudden decrease when the force reaches 4MPa.On the contrary,while the temperature difference is positive,the deformation of the seal end face is negative,and the end face expands outward,meanwhile the expansion of deformation are posi-tively correlated with the axial compression force.According to the analysis results,the control optimization method of the end face deformation is put forward,and the accuracy of the numerical analysis results is verified by the high-speed floating mechanical seal test platform,which provides theoretical guidance for the design and use of high-speed floating sealing ring.展开更多
Lateral type n-channel 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs),fabricated using a current industrial process,are irradiated with gamma rays at different irradiation doses in this paper to ...Lateral type n-channel 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs),fabricated using a current industrial process,are irradiated with gamma rays at different irradiation doses in this paper to carry out a profound study on the generation mechanism of radiation-induced interface traps and oxide trapped charges.Electrical parameters(e.g.,threshold voltage,subthreshold swing and channel mobility)of the device before and after irradiation are investigated,and the influence of the channel orientation([1100]and[1120])on the radiation effect is discussed for the first time.A positive threshold voltage shift is observed at very low irradiation doses(<100 krad(Si));the threshold voltage then shifts negatively as the dose increases.It is found that the dependence of interface trap generation on the radiation dose is not the same for doses below and above 100 krad.For irradiation doses<100 krad,the radiation-induced interface traps with relatively high generation speeds dominate the competition with radiation-induced oxide trapped charges,contributing to the positive threshold voltage shift correspondingly.All these results provide additional insight into the radiation-induced charge trapping mechanism in the SiO_(2)/SiC interface.展开更多
BACKGROUND The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis have been confirmed to be associated with sepsis and various inflammatory diseases. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) can modulate the inflammatory resp...BACKGROUND The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis have been confirmed to be associated with sepsis and various inflammatory diseases. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) can modulate the inflammatory response, improve immune dysfunction, and prevent enterogenic infection in critically ill patients;however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Considering the important roles of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes in the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases, we hypothesized that EEN could improve the immune dysfunction in sepsis by maintaining a balanced Th17/Treg cell ratio and by regulating the IL- 23/IL-17 axis. AIM To investigate the effects of EEN on the Th17/Treg cell ratios and the IL-23/IL-17 axis in septic patients. METHODS In this prospective clinical trial, patients were randomly divided into an EEN or delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. Enteral feeding was started within 48 h in the EEN group, whereas enteral feeding was started on the 4th day in the DEN group. The Th17 and Treg cell percentages and the interleukin levels were tested on days 1, 3, and 7 after admission. The clinical severity and outcome variables were also recorded. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled in this trial from October 2017 to June 2018. The Th17 cell percentages, Th17/Treg cell ratios, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-6 levels of the EEN group were lower than those of the DEN group on the 7th day after admission (P < 0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation and of the intensive care unit stay of the EEN group were shorter than those of the DEN group (P <0.05). However, no difference in the 28-d mortality was found between the two groups (P = 0.728). CONCLUSION EEN could regulate the imbalance of Th17/Treg cell ratios and suppress the IL- 23/IL-17 axis during sepsis. Moreover, EEN could reduce the clinical severity of sepsis but did not reduce the 28-d mortality of septic patients.展开更多
Exploring the relationship between different structure of the spinal cord and functional assessment after spinal cord injury is important. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging can provide information about the micros...Exploring the relationship between different structure of the spinal cord and functional assessment after spinal cord injury is important. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging can provide information about the microstructure of nerve tissue and can quantify the pathological damage of spinal cord white matter and gray matter. In this study, a custom-designed spinal cord contusion-impactor was used to damage the T_（10） spinal cord of beagles. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to observe changes in the whole spinal cord, white matter, and gray matter, and the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score was used to assess changes in neurological function at 3 hours, 24 hours, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after injury. With time, fractional anisotropy values after spinal cord injury showed a downward trend, and the apparent diffusion coefficient, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity first decreased and then increased. The apparent diffusion-coefficient value was highly associated with the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score for the whole spinal cord（R = 0.919, P = 0.027）, white matter（R = 0.932, P = 0.021）, and gray matter（R = 0.882, P = 0.048）. Additionally, the other parameters had almost no correlation with the score（P 〉 0.05）. In conclusion, the highest and most significant correlation between diffusion parameters and neurological function was the apparent diffusion-coefficient value for white matter, indicating that it could be used to predict the recovery of neurological function accurately after spinal cord injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is spreading rapidly around the world.Most critically ill patients have organ injury,including acute respiratory distress syndrome,acute kidney injury,cardiac injury,or...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is spreading rapidly around the world.Most critically ill patients have organ injury,including acute respiratory distress syndrome,acute kidney injury,cardiac injury,or liver dysfunction.However,few studies on acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)have been reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19.AIM To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of AGI in critically ill patients with COVID-19.METHODS In this retrospective study,demographic data,laboratory parameters,AGI grades,clinical severity and outcomes were collected.The primary endpoints were AGI incidence and 28-d mortality.RESULTS From February 10 to March 102020,83 critically ill patients out of 1314 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled.Seventy-two(86.7%)patients had AGI during hospital stay,of these patients,30 had AGI gradeⅠ,35 had AGI gradeⅡ,5 had AGI gradeⅢ,and 2 had AGI gradeⅣ.The incidence of AGI gradeⅡand above was 50.6%.Forty(48.2%)patients died within 28 days of admission.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome developed in 58(69.9%)patients,and septic shock in 16(19.3%)patients.Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical variables,a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality.Sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores(95%CI:1.374-2.860;P<0.001),white blood cell(WBC)counts(95%CI:1.037-1.379;P=0.014),and duration of mechanical ventilation(MV)(95%CI:1.020-1.340;P=0.025)were risk factors for the development of AGI gradeⅡand above.CONCLUSION The incidence of AGI was 86.7%,and hospital mortality was 48.2%in critically ill patients with COVID-19.SOFA scores,WBC counts,and duration of MV were risk factors for the development of AGI gradeⅡand above.Patients with worse AGI grades had a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of myelotomy on locomotor recovery in rats subjected to spinal cord injury. DATA SOURCES： Electronic databases including Pub Med, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of myelotomy on locomotor recovery in rats subjected to spinal cord injury. DATA SOURCES： Electronic databases including Pub Med, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Journals Full-text Database, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Database were searched to retrieve related studies published before September 2017. The Me SH terms（the Medical Subject Headings） such as ＂myelotomy＂, ＂spinal cord injuries＂, ＂rats＂, ＂randomized controlled trial＂ and all related entry terms were searched. DATA SELECTION： Randomized controlled trials using myelotomy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats were included. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were adopted as the evaluation method. Rev Man Software（version 5.3） was used for data processing. The χ^2 and I^2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Using a random-effects model, a subgroup analysis was conducted to analyze the source of the heterogeneity. OUTCOME MEASURES： Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were observed 1–6 weeks after spinal cord injury.RESULTS： Six animal trials were included, using a total of 143 lab rats. The included trials were divided into two subgroups by injury degrees（moderate or severe）. The pooled results showed that, 1–6 weeks after spinal cord injury, the overall Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score was significantly higher in the myelotomy group than in the contusion group（weighted mean difference（WMD） = 0.60; 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.23–0.97; P = 0.001; WMD = 2.10; 95% CI： 1.56–2.64; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.65; 95% CI： 1.73–3.57; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 1.66; 95% CI： 0.80–2.52; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.09; 95% CI： 0.92–3.26, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.25; 95% CI： 1.06–3.44, P 〈 0.001）. The overall heterogeneity was high（I^2 = 85%; I^2 = 95%; I^2 = 94%; I^2 = 88%; I^2 = 91%; I^2 = 89%）. The results in the moderate injury subgroup showed that Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were significantly higher in the myelotomy group than in the contusion group（WMD = 0.91, 95% CI： 0.52–1.3, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.10; 95% CI： 1.56–2.64, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.65; 95% CI： 1.73–3.57, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.50, 95% CI： 1.72–3.28, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 3.29, 95% CI： 2.21–4.38, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 3.27; 95% CI： 2.31–4.23, P 〈 0.001）. The relevant heterogeneity was low. However, there were no significant differences in Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores between the myelotomy and contusion groups in the severe injury subgroup at 2 and 3 weeks after the injury（P = 0.75; P = 0.92）. CONCLUSION： To date, this is the first attempt to summarize the potential effect of myelotomy on locomotor recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. Our findings conclude that myelotomy promotes locomotor recovery in rats with spinal cord injury, especially in those with moderate injury.展开更多
With Songliao Basin in northeast China entering the middle-late stage of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources,it is urgent to open up new areas for oil and gas exploration on the periphery of the b...With Songliao Basin in northeast China entering the middle-late stage of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources,it is urgent to open up new areas for oil and gas exploration on the periphery of the basin.Five sedimentary sags have been discovered in the western margin of the Da Hinggan Mountains through high-precision gravity,magnetic,and electrical prospecting engineering.According to the conditions of the 5 sags such as buried depth,area,and the scale of source rock,Hesigewula Sag was preferentially selected to deploy two-dimensional seismic prospecting and drilling.As a result,the stratigraphic distribution and structure of Hesigewula Sag were preliminarily ascertained,the main sedimentary facies developed in Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the Lower Cretaceous was summarized,and the assessment parameters of source rock of Hesigewula Sag were obtained.According to the research results,the Hesigewula Sag can be divided into 3 second-order tectonic units including the western bulge,the central sag,and the eastern bulge respectively,and the sag was formed mainly subject to the west fractures.Three sedimentary facies including fan delta facies,braided river delta facies,and lacustrine facies have been identified in the Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the sag.The source rock in the first member and second member of Tengger Formation in the sag features high abundance of organic matter,meeting the standards of good source rocks.The kerogen of the source rock is mainly of type Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2.The organic matter in the source rock is characterized by low maturity and it entered the evolution stage of low maturity from the second member of Tengger Formation.Furthermore,Hesigewula Sag bears a strong similarity to other petroliferous sags in Erlian Basin in structure,sedimentation,source rock,and other characteristics.Therefore,it can be preliminarily determined that Hesigewula Sag boasts great potential for oil and gas resources.展开更多
1.Objectives The research and prospecting degree of these Mesozoic residual faulted basins located in Tonghua and its peripheral areas,such as Tonghua basin,Liuhe basin and Hongmiaozi basin is low.And these basins are...1.Objectives The research and prospecting degree of these Mesozoic residual faulted basins located in Tonghua and its peripheral areas,such as Tonghua basin,Liuhe basin and Hongmiaozi basin is low.And these basins are considered to be unified sedimentary basins during the Mesozoic(Fig.1).For example,Zhang FQ et al.(2012)believe that the Liuhe basin,Tonghua basin and Yangzishao basin belong to“Great Liuhe basin”which developed under the Xilonggang nappe.According to the research of Xu HL et al.(2013),the Tonghua basin and Liuhe basin began to connect and then formed a unified sedimentary area during the sedimentary period of Linzitou Formation(equivalent to the Xiahuapidianzi Formation).展开更多
Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages.Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quan...Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages.Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated.It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications.However,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a problem.Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and software-scalability.In order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases.Considering current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.展开更多
Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was established in 2008 and is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Oxford University Press,UK,JPE encompasses a...Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was established in 2008 and is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Oxford University Press,UK,JPE encompasses a wide range of article types within the expansive field of plant ecology.As of July 2021,JPE has transitioned to fully Open Access,ensuring unrestricted access to the full text for both readers and authors.This shift enhances the journal’s role as a crucial platform for plant ecologists worldwide to disseminate their research findings.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfa...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfalfa are distinguished by adverse climatic and edaphic conditions in northern China.Moreover,the lack of elite alfalfa varieties with great adaptation and poor field management are vital factors limiting development of alfalfa pasture in China.In addition,nutritional quality of alfalfa in China is also poor compared to that in countries of developed animal husbandry industrial.Here,we propose several priorities in terms of a comprehensive system of alfalfa breeding,field management,harvest and processing with Chinese characteristics,based on the theories and methodologies of breeding science,agronomy,plant physiology and agricultural machinery.Implementation of these priorities will greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the alfalfa pasture in China.展开更多
To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism 260 and 386 （SNP260 and SNP386） gene with male infertility, an electronic search was performed to identify case-control studies evaluating the relatio...To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism 260 and 386 （SNP260 and SNP386） gene with male infertility, an electronic search was performed to identify case-control studies evaluating the relationship of SNP260 or SNP386 of deleted in azoospermia-like （DAZL） and male infertility. Review Manager 5 was used to process the meta-analysis and other statistical analysis. A total of 139 records were retrieved, of which 13 case-control studies with total 2715 patients and 1835 normozoospermic men were included. SNP260 was found not to play a functional role in male oligo/azoospermia either for Caucasians or for Asians. But for SNP386, models of allele （A/G）, dominant （AA/AG ＋ GG）, co-dominant （AA/AG） and super-dominant （AA ＋ GG/AG） had a strong correlation to spermatogenic failure with related odds ratio being 0.15 （95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.07 to 0.34, P〈 0.00001）, 0.16 （95% CI 0.07 to 0.35, P〈 0.00001）, 0.15 （95% CI 0.06 to 0.33, P〈 0.00001） and 0.15 （95% CI 0.06 to 0.33, P 〈 0.00001）, respectively. Moreover, this correlation was only found in the Chinese Han population （decreasing around 85% risk of oligo/azoospermia infertility） and not found in India, Japan, and Caucasian countries. Our analysis demonstrated that SNP260 of DAZL did not contribute to oligo/azoospermia while SNP386 was correlated to male infertility. However, this correlation was only found in China with a country-specific and ethnicity-specific manner.展开更多
Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors （PDE5-1s） are the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction （ED）. The constant discoveries of nitric oxide （NO）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） cell-signaling ...Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors （PDE5-1s） are the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction （ED）. The constant discoveries of nitric oxide （NO）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） cell-signaling pathway for smooth muscle （SM） control in other urogenital tracts （UGTs） make PDE5-1s promising pharmacologic agents against other benign urological diseases. This article reviews the literature and contains some previously unpublished data about characterizations and activities of PDE5 and its inhibitors in treating urological disorders. Scientific discoveries have improved our understanding of cell-signaling pathway in NO/cGMP-mediated SM relaxation in UGTs. Moreover, the clinical applications of PDE5-1s have been widely recognized. On-demand PDE5-1s are efficacious for most cases of ED, while daily-dosing and combination with testosterone are recommended for refractory cases. Soluble guanylate cyclase （sGC） stimulators also have promising role in the management of severe ED conditions. PDE5-1s are also the first rehabilitation strategy for postoperation or postradiotherapy ED for prostate cancer patients. PDE5-1s, especially combined with （z-adrenoceptor antagonists, are very effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） except on maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax） with tadalafil recently proved for BPH with/without ED. Furthermore, PDE5-1s are currently under various phases of clinical or preclinical researches with promising potential for other urinary and genital illnesses, such as priapism, premature ejaculation, urinary tract calculi, overactive bladder, Peyronie＇s disease, and female sexual dysfunction. Inhibition of PDE5 is expected to be an effective strategy in treating benign urological diseases. However, further clinical studies and basic researches investigating mechanisms of PDE5-1s in disorders of UGTs are required.展开更多
Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was founded in 2008.It is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Oxford University Press,UK.JPE publishes dive...Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was founded in 2008.It is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Oxford University Press,UK.JPE publishes diverse types of articles that fall into the broad scope of plant ecology,including plant ecophysiology,population ecology,community ecology,ecosystem ecology,landscape ecology,conservation ecology,evolutionary ecology,theoretical ecology and global change ecology.展开更多
Plant ecologists are interested in dissecting the relationships between plants and their abiotic(physicochemical)and biotic environments.Plants assimilate carbon dioxide(CO2)and produce oxygen(O2),which are essential ...Plant ecologists are interested in dissecting the relationships between plants and their abiotic(physicochemical)and biotic environments.Plants assimilate carbon dioxide(CO2)and produce oxygen(O2),which are essential for our lives.Unlike animals,plants are sessile in nature and cannot physically escape predators,and are frequently exposed to changing environments,e.g.the availability of water,temperature,light,CO2,nutrients,herbivore and pathogen,during their life cycles.Plants have evolved highly plastic and resilient strategies to tolerate and withstand the variable environmental dynamics.The environments where plants grow are also reshaped and can influence plant traits,performances and functions.Plants often live in a community and have to share/compete resources with other plants in the community.Therefore,plants together with their surrounding environment control water and biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem scale providing ecosystem functioning and services to support and transform the earth system.There are diverse ecosystems with many distinct vegetation types in China.How these ecosystems respond and adapt to the changing environments is a main theme of contemporary plant ecology.Scientists in China have made great achievements on the topic in 2020 as evidenced by publications in highly regarded international journals.Here,we comprehensively summarized the major progresses of plant ecology research in 2020.展开更多
With the popularity of urine flow dynamic monitoring and indwelling catheter technologies in animal experiments,the urethral catheterization has become a common technique in scientific research.The miniature pig is co...With the popularity of urine flow dynamic monitoring and indwelling catheter technologies in animal experiments,the urethral catheterization has become a common technique in scientific research.The miniature pig is considered as one of the major animal species used in scientific research and is increasingly being used as an alternative to a dog or monkey as the nonrodent species of choice in the preclinical toxicological testing of pharmaceuticals.[1] Since there are three acute angles bending in the urethra of the male miniature pig,and the end of the penis head is cork-screw shaped,it is difficult to implement routine urethral catheterization in male miniature pigs.Currently,researchers usually implement bladder colostomies or dissections in male miniature pigs,while transurethral urethral catheterization can be implemented in female miniature pigs.According to the existing reports,implementing transurethral urethral catheterization in female miniature pigs is seldom seen.[2] We chose 3-month-old female Bama miniature pigs in our experiments and employ the following methods：first,use a ＂V＂-shaped platform with an angle of about 30° to the horizontal plane;second,utilize a pediatric laryngoscope for deep lighting;third,bend the lower limbs and press down to the ventral side.Satisfactory results through transurethral urethral catheterization were achieved in the end.展开更多
In optical metrological protocols to measure physical quantities,it is,in principle,always beneficial to in crease photon number n to improve measurement precision.However,practical constraints prevent the arbitrary i...In optical metrological protocols to measure physical quantities,it is,in principle,always beneficial to in crease photon number n to improve measurement precision.However,practical constraints prevent the arbitrary increase of n due to the imperfections of a practical detector,especially when the detector response is dominated by the saturation effect.In this work,we show that a modified weak measurement protocol,namely,biased weak measurement significantly improves the precision of optical metrology in the presence of saturation effect.This method detects an ultra-small fraction of photons while main tains a considerable amount of metrological information.The biased pre-coupling leads to an additi onal reduction of photons in the post-selection and gene rates an extinction point in the spectrum distribution,which is extremely sensitive to the estimated parameter and difficult to be saturated.Therefore,the Fisher information can be persistently enhanced by increasing the photon number.In our magnetic-sensing experiment,biased weak measurement achieves precision approximately one order of magnitude better than those of previously used methods.The proposed method can be applied in various optical measurement schemes to remarkably mitigate the detector saturation effect with low-cost apparatuses.展开更多
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB38010100the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,No.2023AH040398+1 种基金Emergency Technological Research Project for COVID-19Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,No.2023A04J1087.
文摘BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes(T1D)may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.METHODS Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community,Tang-TangQuan■.Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income.Children were divided into three groups:Low-income(<30000 Yuan),middle-income(30000-100000 Yuan),and high-income(>100000 yuan)(1 Yuan=0.145 United States Dollar approximately).Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman’s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS From September 2015 to August 2022,1406 eligible children with T1D were included(779 female,55.4%).Median age was 8.1 years(Q1-Q3:4.6-11.6)and duration of T1D was 0.06 years(0.02-0.44).Participants were divided into three groups:Low-income(n=320),middle-income(n=724),and high-income(n=362).Baseline hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels were comparable among the three groups(P=0.072).However,at month 36,the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels(P=0.036).Within three years after registration,glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups.Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose(r=-0.272,P=0.012).After adjustment for confounders,parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels(odds ratio=13.02,95%CI:1.99 to 126.05,P=0.002).CONCLUSION The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status.It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.
基金National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFB2000800)。
文摘Floating mechanical seals play an important part in the high-speed rotating machine,and its face deformation will lead to seal failure,also directly affects the device operation performance and service life.In this paper,based on the finite element method,a two-dimensional model of the thermal coupling numerical analysis high speed floating mechanical seal was established,and the influence of different parameters such as rotating speed,pressure,temperature and axial compression force on the deformation of seal face is analyzed.It is found that the dynamic and static face deformation increases exponentially with the increase of rotational speed.At high speed,with the increase of working pressure and temperature,the sealing face deformation increases linearly.When the working pressure reaches 8MPa,the sealing face is in dynamic balance,and no further deformation occurs.Under the condition of high speed and negative temperature difference,the deformation of the sealing end face is positive,with the increase of the axial compression force,the end face shrinked inward,and the deformation rate sudden decrease when the force reaches 4MPa.On the contrary,while the temperature difference is positive,the deformation of the seal end face is negative,and the end face expands outward,meanwhile the expansion of deformation are posi-tively correlated with the axial compression force.According to the analysis results,the control optimization method of the end face deformation is put forward,and the accuracy of the numerical analysis results is verified by the high-speed floating mechanical seal test platform,which provides theoretical guidance for the design and use of high-speed floating sealing ring.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52107190 and 62101181)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M700203)。
文摘Lateral type n-channel 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs),fabricated using a current industrial process,are irradiated with gamma rays at different irradiation doses in this paper to carry out a profound study on the generation mechanism of radiation-induced interface traps and oxide trapped charges.Electrical parameters(e.g.,threshold voltage,subthreshold swing and channel mobility)of the device before and after irradiation are investigated,and the influence of the channel orientation([1100]and[1120])on the radiation effect is discussed for the first time.A positive threshold voltage shift is observed at very low irradiation doses(<100 krad(Si));the threshold voltage then shifts negatively as the dose increases.It is found that the dependence of interface trap generation on the radiation dose is not the same for doses below and above 100 krad.For irradiation doses<100 krad,the radiation-induced interface traps with relatively high generation speeds dominate the competition with radiation-induced oxide trapped charges,contributing to the positive threshold voltage shift correspondingly.All these results provide additional insight into the radiation-induced charge trapping mechanism in the SiO_(2)/SiC interface.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701881the Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation,No.YKK15098 and No.YKK17102
文摘BACKGROUND The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis have been confirmed to be associated with sepsis and various inflammatory diseases. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) can modulate the inflammatory response, improve immune dysfunction, and prevent enterogenic infection in critically ill patients;however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Considering the important roles of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes in the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases, we hypothesized that EEN could improve the immune dysfunction in sepsis by maintaining a balanced Th17/Treg cell ratio and by regulating the IL- 23/IL-17 axis. AIM To investigate the effects of EEN on the Th17/Treg cell ratios and the IL-23/IL-17 axis in septic patients. METHODS In this prospective clinical trial, patients were randomly divided into an EEN or delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. Enteral feeding was started within 48 h in the EEN group, whereas enteral feeding was started on the 4th day in the DEN group. The Th17 and Treg cell percentages and the interleukin levels were tested on days 1, 3, and 7 after admission. The clinical severity and outcome variables were also recorded. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled in this trial from October 2017 to June 2018. The Th17 cell percentages, Th17/Treg cell ratios, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-6 levels of the EEN group were lower than those of the DEN group on the 7th day after admission (P < 0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation and of the intensive care unit stay of the EEN group were shorter than those of the DEN group (P <0.05). However, no difference in the 28-d mortality was found between the two groups (P = 0.728). CONCLUSION EEN could regulate the imbalance of Th17/Treg cell ratios and suppress the IL- 23/IL-17 axis during sepsis. Moreover, EEN could reduce the clinical severity of sepsis but did not reduce the 28-d mortality of septic patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272164the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Public Research Institutes in China,No.2015CZ-6,2016CZ-4+2 种基金the Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders in China,No.201601,0000-100031the Supporting Program of the “Twelve Five-year Plan” for Science&Technology Research of China,No.2012BAI34B02a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2015CB351701
文摘Exploring the relationship between different structure of the spinal cord and functional assessment after spinal cord injury is important. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging can provide information about the microstructure of nerve tissue and can quantify the pathological damage of spinal cord white matter and gray matter. In this study, a custom-designed spinal cord contusion-impactor was used to damage the T_（10） spinal cord of beagles. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to observe changes in the whole spinal cord, white matter, and gray matter, and the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score was used to assess changes in neurological function at 3 hours, 24 hours, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after injury. With time, fractional anisotropy values after spinal cord injury showed a downward trend, and the apparent diffusion coefficient, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity first decreased and then increased. The apparent diffusion-coefficient value was highly associated with the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score for the whole spinal cord（R = 0.919, P = 0.027）, white matter（R = 0.932, P = 0.021）, and gray matter（R = 0.882, P = 0.048）. Additionally, the other parameters had almost no correlation with the score（P 〉 0.05）. In conclusion, the highest and most significant correlation between diffusion parameters and neurological function was the apparent diffusion-coefficient value for white matter, indicating that it could be used to predict the recovery of neurological function accurately after spinal cord injury.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701881Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation,No.YKK17102.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is spreading rapidly around the world.Most critically ill patients have organ injury,including acute respiratory distress syndrome,acute kidney injury,cardiac injury,or liver dysfunction.However,few studies on acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)have been reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19.AIM To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of AGI in critically ill patients with COVID-19.METHODS In this retrospective study,demographic data,laboratory parameters,AGI grades,clinical severity and outcomes were collected.The primary endpoints were AGI incidence and 28-d mortality.RESULTS From February 10 to March 102020,83 critically ill patients out of 1314 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled.Seventy-two(86.7%)patients had AGI during hospital stay,of these patients,30 had AGI gradeⅠ,35 had AGI gradeⅡ,5 had AGI gradeⅢ,and 2 had AGI gradeⅣ.The incidence of AGI gradeⅡand above was 50.6%.Forty(48.2%)patients died within 28 days of admission.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome developed in 58(69.9%)patients,and septic shock in 16(19.3%)patients.Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical variables,a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality.Sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores(95%CI:1.374-2.860;P<0.001),white blood cell(WBC)counts(95%CI:1.037-1.379;P=0.014),and duration of mechanical ventilation(MV)(95%CI:1.020-1.340;P=0.025)were risk factors for the development of AGI gradeⅡand above.CONCLUSION The incidence of AGI was 86.7%,and hospital mortality was 48.2%in critically ill patients with COVID-19.SOFA scores,WBC counts,and duration of MV were risk factors for the development of AGI gradeⅡand above.Patients with worse AGI grades had a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Public Research Institutes of China,No.2015CZ-6,2016CZ-4a grant from the Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders,No.201601
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of myelotomy on locomotor recovery in rats subjected to spinal cord injury. DATA SOURCES： Electronic databases including Pub Med, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Journals Full-text Database, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Database were searched to retrieve related studies published before September 2017. The Me SH terms（the Medical Subject Headings） such as ＂myelotomy＂, ＂spinal cord injuries＂, ＂rats＂, ＂randomized controlled trial＂ and all related entry terms were searched. DATA SELECTION： Randomized controlled trials using myelotomy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats were included. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were adopted as the evaluation method. Rev Man Software（version 5.3） was used for data processing. The χ^2 and I^2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Using a random-effects model, a subgroup analysis was conducted to analyze the source of the heterogeneity. OUTCOME MEASURES： Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were observed 1–6 weeks after spinal cord injury.RESULTS： Six animal trials were included, using a total of 143 lab rats. The included trials were divided into two subgroups by injury degrees（moderate or severe）. The pooled results showed that, 1–6 weeks after spinal cord injury, the overall Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score was significantly higher in the myelotomy group than in the contusion group（weighted mean difference（WMD） = 0.60; 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.23–0.97; P = 0.001; WMD = 2.10; 95% CI： 1.56–2.64; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.65; 95% CI： 1.73–3.57; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 1.66; 95% CI： 0.80–2.52; P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.09; 95% CI： 0.92–3.26, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.25; 95% CI： 1.06–3.44, P 〈 0.001）. The overall heterogeneity was high（I^2 = 85%; I^2 = 95%; I^2 = 94%; I^2 = 88%; I^2 = 91%; I^2 = 89%）. The results in the moderate injury subgroup showed that Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were significantly higher in the myelotomy group than in the contusion group（WMD = 0.91, 95% CI： 0.52–1.3, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.10; 95% CI： 1.56–2.64, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.65; 95% CI： 1.73–3.57, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 2.50, 95% CI： 1.72–3.28, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 3.29, 95% CI： 2.21–4.38, P 〈 0.001; WMD = 3.27; 95% CI： 2.31–4.23, P 〈 0.001）. The relevant heterogeneity was low. However, there were no significant differences in Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores between the myelotomy and contusion groups in the severe injury subgroup at 2 and 3 weeks after the injury（P = 0.75; P = 0.92）. CONCLUSION： To date, this is the first attempt to summarize the potential effect of myelotomy on locomotor recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. Our findings conclude that myelotomy promotes locomotor recovery in rats with spinal cord injury, especially in those with moderate injury.
基金This work was supported by the project of China Geological Survey(DD20160202).
文摘With Songliao Basin in northeast China entering the middle-late stage of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources,it is urgent to open up new areas for oil and gas exploration on the periphery of the basin.Five sedimentary sags have been discovered in the western margin of the Da Hinggan Mountains through high-precision gravity,magnetic,and electrical prospecting engineering.According to the conditions of the 5 sags such as buried depth,area,and the scale of source rock,Hesigewula Sag was preferentially selected to deploy two-dimensional seismic prospecting and drilling.As a result,the stratigraphic distribution and structure of Hesigewula Sag were preliminarily ascertained,the main sedimentary facies developed in Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the Lower Cretaceous was summarized,and the assessment parameters of source rock of Hesigewula Sag were obtained.According to the research results,the Hesigewula Sag can be divided into 3 second-order tectonic units including the western bulge,the central sag,and the eastern bulge respectively,and the sag was formed mainly subject to the west fractures.Three sedimentary facies including fan delta facies,braided river delta facies,and lacustrine facies have been identified in the Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the sag.The source rock in the first member and second member of Tengger Formation in the sag features high abundance of organic matter,meeting the standards of good source rocks.The kerogen of the source rock is mainly of type Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2.The organic matter in the source rock is characterized by low maturity and it entered the evolution stage of low maturity from the second member of Tengger Formation.Furthermore,Hesigewula Sag bears a strong similarity to other petroliferous sags in Erlian Basin in structure,sedimentation,source rock,and other characteristics.Therefore,it can be preliminarily determined that Hesigewula Sag boasts great potential for oil and gas resources.
文摘1.Objectives The research and prospecting degree of these Mesozoic residual faulted basins located in Tonghua and its peripheral areas,such as Tonghua basin,Liuhe basin and Hongmiaozi basin is low.And these basins are considered to be unified sedimentary basins during the Mesozoic(Fig.1).For example,Zhang FQ et al.(2012)believe that the Liuhe basin,Tonghua basin and Yangzishao basin belong to“Great Liuhe basin”which developed under the Xilonggang nappe.According to the research of Xu HL et al.(2013),the Tonghua basin and Liuhe basin began to connect and then formed a unified sedimentary area during the sedimentary period of Linzitou Formation(equivalent to the Xiahuapidianzi Formation).
基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11874343,11821404,12174370 and 12174376)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2017492)the Open Research Projects of Zhejiang Lab(No.2021MB0AB02)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded projects(No.2020M681949)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation(No.171007).
文摘Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages.Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated.It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications.However,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a problem.Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and software-scalability.In order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases.Considering current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.
文摘Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was established in 2008 and is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Oxford University Press,UK,JPE encompasses a wide range of article types within the expansive field of plant ecology.As of July 2021,JPE has transitioned to fully Open Access,ensuring unrestricted access to the full text for both readers and authors.This shift enhances the journal’s role as a crucial platform for plant ecologists worldwide to disseminate their research findings.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030075),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and the Special Research Assistant Grant Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830011,32070351).
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfalfa are distinguished by adverse climatic and edaphic conditions in northern China.Moreover,the lack of elite alfalfa varieties with great adaptation and poor field management are vital factors limiting development of alfalfa pasture in China.In addition,nutritional quality of alfalfa in China is also poor compared to that in countries of developed animal husbandry industrial.Here,we propose several priorities in terms of a comprehensive system of alfalfa breeding,field management,harvest and processing with Chinese characteristics,based on the theories and methodologies of breeding science,agronomy,plant physiology and agricultural machinery.Implementation of these priorities will greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the alfalfa pasture in China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11702322)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2018JJ3589)
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XHZ is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81270843 and No. 81160086）.Supplementary information is linked to the online version of the paper on the Asian Journal of Andrology website.
文摘To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism 260 and 386 （SNP260 and SNP386） gene with male infertility, an electronic search was performed to identify case-control studies evaluating the relationship of SNP260 or SNP386 of deleted in azoospermia-like （DAZL） and male infertility. Review Manager 5 was used to process the meta-analysis and other statistical analysis. A total of 139 records were retrieved, of which 13 case-control studies with total 2715 patients and 1835 normozoospermic men were included. SNP260 was found not to play a functional role in male oligo/azoospermia either for Caucasians or for Asians. But for SNP386, models of allele （A/G）, dominant （AA/AG ＋ GG）, co-dominant （AA/AG） and super-dominant （AA ＋ GG/AG） had a strong correlation to spermatogenic failure with related odds ratio being 0.15 （95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.07 to 0.34, P〈 0.00001）, 0.16 （95% CI 0.07 to 0.35, P〈 0.00001）, 0.15 （95% CI 0.06 to 0.33, P〈 0.00001） and 0.15 （95% CI 0.06 to 0.33, P 〈 0.00001）, respectively. Moreover, this correlation was only found in the Chinese Han population （decreasing around 85% risk of oligo/azoospermia infertility） and not found in India, Japan, and Caucasian countries. Our analysis demonstrated that SNP260 of DAZL did not contribute to oligo/azoospermia while SNP386 was correlated to male infertility. However, this correlation was only found in China with a country-specific and ethnicity-specific manner.
文摘Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors （PDE5-1s） are the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction （ED）. The constant discoveries of nitric oxide （NO）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） cell-signaling pathway for smooth muscle （SM） control in other urogenital tracts （UGTs） make PDE5-1s promising pharmacologic agents against other benign urological diseases. This article reviews the literature and contains some previously unpublished data about characterizations and activities of PDE5 and its inhibitors in treating urological disorders. Scientific discoveries have improved our understanding of cell-signaling pathway in NO/cGMP-mediated SM relaxation in UGTs. Moreover, the clinical applications of PDE5-1s have been widely recognized. On-demand PDE5-1s are efficacious for most cases of ED, while daily-dosing and combination with testosterone are recommended for refractory cases. Soluble guanylate cyclase （sGC） stimulators also have promising role in the management of severe ED conditions. PDE5-1s are also the first rehabilitation strategy for postoperation or postradiotherapy ED for prostate cancer patients. PDE5-1s, especially combined with （z-adrenoceptor antagonists, are very effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） except on maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax） with tadalafil recently proved for BPH with/without ED. Furthermore, PDE5-1s are currently under various phases of clinical or preclinical researches with promising potential for other urinary and genital illnesses, such as priapism, premature ejaculation, urinary tract calculi, overactive bladder, Peyronie＇s disease, and female sexual dysfunction. Inhibition of PDE5 is expected to be an effective strategy in treating benign urological diseases. However, further clinical studies and basic researches investigating mechanisms of PDE5-1s in disorders of UGTs are required.
文摘Journal of Plant Ecology(JPE)was founded in 2008.It is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Oxford University Press,UK.JPE publishes diverse types of articles that fall into the broad scope of plant ecology,including plant ecophysiology,population ecology,community ecology,ecosystem ecology,landscape ecology,conservation ecology,evolutionary ecology,theoretical ecology and global change ecology.
文摘Plant ecologists are interested in dissecting the relationships between plants and their abiotic(physicochemical)and biotic environments.Plants assimilate carbon dioxide(CO2)and produce oxygen(O2),which are essential for our lives.Unlike animals,plants are sessile in nature and cannot physically escape predators,and are frequently exposed to changing environments,e.g.the availability of water,temperature,light,CO2,nutrients,herbivore and pathogen,during their life cycles.Plants have evolved highly plastic and resilient strategies to tolerate and withstand the variable environmental dynamics.The environments where plants grow are also reshaped and can influence plant traits,performances and functions.Plants often live in a community and have to share/compete resources with other plants in the community.Therefore,plants together with their surrounding environment control water and biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem scale providing ecosystem functioning and services to support and transform the earth system.There are diverse ecosystems with many distinct vegetation types in China.How these ecosystems respond and adapt to the changing environments is a main theme of contemporary plant ecology.Scientists in China have made great achievements on the topic in 2020 as evidenced by publications in highly regarded international journals.Here,we comprehensively summarized the major progresses of plant ecology research in 2020.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81271366）.
文摘With the popularity of urine flow dynamic monitoring and indwelling catheter technologies in animal experiments,the urethral catheterization has become a common technique in scientific research.The miniature pig is considered as one of the major animal species used in scientific research and is increasingly being used as an alternative to a dog or monkey as the nonrodent species of choice in the preclinical toxicological testing of pharmaceuticals.[1] Since there are three acute angles bending in the urethra of the male miniature pig,and the end of the penis head is cork-screw shaped,it is difficult to implement routine urethral catheterization in male miniature pigs.Currently,researchers usually implement bladder colostomies or dissections in male miniature pigs,while transurethral urethral catheterization can be implemented in female miniature pigs.According to the existing reports,implementing transurethral urethral catheterization in female miniature pigs is seldom seen.[2] We chose 3-month-old female Bama miniature pigs in our experiments and employ the following methods：first,use a ＂V＂-shaped platform with an angle of about 30° to the horizontal plane;second,utilize a pediatric laryngoscope for deep lighting;third,bend the lower limbs and press down to the ventral side.Satisfactory results through transurethral urethral catheterization were achieved in the end.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0304100,2016YFA0302700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874344,92065107,61835004,11774335,91536219,11821404)+3 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH003)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY020100,AHY060300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK2030020019,WK2470000026)Science Foundation of the CAS(No.ZDRW-XH-2019-1).
文摘In optical metrological protocols to measure physical quantities,it is,in principle,always beneficial to in crease photon number n to improve measurement precision.However,practical constraints prevent the arbitrary increase of n due to the imperfections of a practical detector,especially when the detector response is dominated by the saturation effect.In this work,we show that a modified weak measurement protocol,namely,biased weak measurement significantly improves the precision of optical metrology in the presence of saturation effect.This method detects an ultra-small fraction of photons while main tains a considerable amount of metrological information.The biased pre-coupling leads to an additi onal reduction of photons in the post-selection and gene rates an extinction point in the spectrum distribution,which is extremely sensitive to the estimated parameter and difficult to be saturated.Therefore,the Fisher information can be persistently enhanced by increasing the photon number.In our magnetic-sensing experiment,biased weak measurement achieves precision approximately one order of magnitude better than those of previously used methods.The proposed method can be applied in various optical measurement schemes to remarkably mitigate the detector saturation effect with low-cost apparatuses.
