BACKGROUND A solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is often located in the pleura,while SFT of the pancreas is extremely rare.Here,we report a case of SFT of the pancreas and discuss imaging,histopathology,and immunohistochemist...BACKGROUND A solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is often located in the pleura,while SFT of the pancreas is extremely rare.Here,we report a case of SFT of the pancreas and discuss imaging,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry for accurate diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man presented to our hospital with pancreatic occupancy for over a month.There were no previous complaints of discomfort.His blood pressure was normal.Blood glucose,tumor markers,and enhanced computed tomography(CT)suggested a malignant tumor.Because the CT appearance of pancreatic cancer varies,we could not confirm the diagnosis;therefore,we performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB).Pathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with SFT of the pancreas.The posto-perative pathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with the puncture results.The patient presented for a follow-up examination one month after discharge with no adverse effects.CONCLUSION Other diseases must be excluded in patients with a pancreatic mass that cannot be diagnosed.CT and pathological histology have diagnostic value for pancreatic tumors.Endoscopic puncture biopsy under ultrasound can help diagnose pancreatic masses that cannot be diagnosed preoperatively.Surgery is an effective treatment for SFT of the pancreas;however,long-term follow-up is strongly recommended because of the possibility of malignant transformation of the tumor.展开更多
Objective:Histone modification has a significant effect on gene expression.Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)contributes to the epigenetic silencing of target chromatin through its roles as a histone-lysine N-methyltra...Objective:Histone modification has a significant effect on gene expression.Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)contributes to the epigenetic silencing of target chromatin through its roles as a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme.The development of anoikis resistance in tumor cells is considered to be a critical step in the metastatic process of primary malignant tumors.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of anoikis resistance in ovarian adenocarcinoma peritoneal metastasis.Methods:In addition to examining EZH2 protein expression in ovarian cancer omental metastatic tissues,we established a model of ovarian cancer cell anoikis and a xenograft tumor model in nude mice.Anoikis resistance and ovarian cancer progression were tested after EZH2 and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)levels were modified.Results:EZH2 expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer omental metastatic tissues than in normal ovarian tissues.Reducing the level of EZH2 decreased the level of m6A and ovarian cancer cell anoikis resistance in vitro and inhibited ovarian cancer progression in vivo.M6a regulation altered the effect of EZH2 on anoikis resistance.Conclusion:Our results indicate that EZH2 contributes to anoikis resistance and promotes ovarian adenocarcinoma abdominal metastasis by m6A modification.Our findings imply the potential of the clinical application of m6A and EZH2 for patients with ovarian cancer.展开更多
Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.P...Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a,T1b,and T2a(American Joint Committee on Cancer,7th edition)from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching.Overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 4964 patients included in the study,1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes(N1),and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes(N0).Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group(P<0.001)and N0 group(P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis,similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a(100.0%vs.61.1%),T1b(84.1%vs.64.3%),and T2a(74.4%vs.63.8%).In patients with T1b1 and T2a1,primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation,but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2.In multivariate analysis,the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients(HR_(N1)=2.522,95%CI=1.919–3.054,PN1<0.001;HR_(N0)=1.895,95%CI=1.689–2.126,PN0<0.001).Conclusion In early cervical cancer stage T1a,T1b1,and T2a1,primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.展开更多
After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain ...After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain more nutrients and escape from the harsher environments of the stomach,leading to acute infection and chronic gastritis,which is the basis of malignant gastric tumors.The endoscopic manifestations and pathological features of H.pylori infection are diverse and vary with the duration of infection.In this review,we describe the endoscopic manifestations of each stage of H.pylori gastritis and then reveal the potential mechanisms of bacterial intragastric colonization and migration from the perspective of endoscopists to provide direction for future research on the effective therapy and management of H.pylori infection.展开更多
With the rapid development of the technology of information network and the era of big data,information technology is now widely used in the field of education.Comprehensive popularity of mobile phones,computers,table...With the rapid development of the technology of information network and the era of big data,information technology is now widely used in the field of education.Comprehensive popularity of mobile phones,computers,tablet computers and portable communication devices and WIFI also facilitate the widespread use of online learning,learning in free time,free learning and other modes.The emergence of microlecture follows the learning mode and trend of modern society,special for young medical students who are highly passionate in accepting new things and have a strong ability in using information technology.In this paper,the necessity and feasibility of self-directed teaching methods related to microlecture and flipped classroom in the teaching in a non-directly affiliated hospital.Using the advantages of the"microlecture and flipped classroom"teaching model,it is possible to improve the learning effect of medical students,construct high-quality online courses,and make quality teaching resources widely shared.展开更多
The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel...The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP–PMT). The aging characteristics of the large area MCP–PMTs are different from dynode PMTs and small proximity-focus MCP–PMT. In this work, a prototype large area MCP–PMT was aged by operating with nearly 1000 photoelectrons per pulse for 3 months, and aging process of the MCP–PMT was discussed based on the aging curve.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal cor ticoid as an adjunctive therapy to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nvAMD).METHODS:Four...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal cor ticoid as an adjunctive therapy to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nvAMD).METHODS:Four databases including Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane Library,and the clinicaltrials.gov were comprehensively searched for studies comparing intravitreal corticoid plus anti-VEGF(IVC/IVA)vs anti-VEGF monotherapy(IVA)in patients with nvAMD.GRADE profiler was used to assess the quality of outcomes.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT)and adverse events including the occurrence of severe elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and the progress of cataract were extracted from the eligible studies.Review Manager(Rev Man)5.3 was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:There was no statistic difference of mean change in BCVA at 6 and 12 mo between IVC/IVA and IVA group[95%confidence interval(CI):-2.28 to 4.24,P=0.55;95%CI:-3.01 to 8.70,P=0.34].No statistic difference was found in the change of CMT between two groups at 6 mo time point(95%CI:-17.98 to 16.42,P=0.93)while the CMT reduction in IVC/IVA group was significantly more obvious than IVA group at 12 mo time point[mean difference(MD)=-44.08,95%CI:-80.52 to-7.63,P=0.02].The risk of occurrence of severe elevation of IOP in the IVC/IVA group was higher than that in the IVA group(95%CI:1.92 to 9.48;P=0.0004).Cataract progression risk was calculated no statistic difference between two groups(95%CI:0.74 to 4.66;P=0.18).CONCLUSION:No visual or anatomical benefits are observed in IVC/IVA group at 6 mo.At 12 mo,the CMT of the IVC/IVA group is significantly lower than that of the IVA group.Risk of severe elevation of IOP is significantly higher when treated by IVC/IVA.展开更多
At present,the main body of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology is still the traditional clinical teaching method,in which clinical teachers are the main body,and interns are the passive.It is not conducive...At present,the main body of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology is still the traditional clinical teaching method,in which clinical teachers are the main body,and interns are the passive.It is not conducive to giving full play to interns'learning enthusiasm and ability to actively solve problems if lack of stimulating the clinical thinking and cultivating the ability to raise questions.In the face of the problems and deficiencies in gynecological clinical teaching in the new era,our team tries to adopt diversified teaching methods,such as medical record teaching method,multimedia teaching method,main-role teaching method,problem-based learning teaching method and so on,so as to improve students'ability of autonomous learning and problem-solving,as well as students'ability of innovation and cooperation.Therefore,clinical teaching teachers and teaching managers should keep pace with the times to carry out diversified teaching mode reform in gynecological clinical teaching.展开更多
Finite element analyses including a cohesive zone model(CZM) were conducted to investigate the role of corrosion product films(CPFs) in stress corrosion cracking(SCC) for copper in an ammoniacal solution. It is found ...Finite element analyses including a cohesive zone model(CZM) were conducted to investigate the role of corrosion product films(CPFs) in stress corrosion cracking(SCC) for copper in an ammoniacal solution. It is found that a tensile CPF-induced stress generates near the interface between the CPF and the copper substrate at the substrate side in front of the notch tip for a U-shaped edgenotched specimens. The CPF-induced stress is superimposed on the applied stress to enhance emission and motion of dislocations. The peak opening stress(S_(11)) increases with an increase in CPF thickness and a decrease in CPF Young's modulus. Damage mechanics based on the CZM was applied to study the stress corrosion crack initiation and propagation by analyzing the stress redistributions and load–displacement curves. The results show that the crack initiates first in the CPF and then propagates to the copper substrate. The fracture strain of the specimen covered a CPF is lower than that without a CPF. Based on the simulation results, the mechanism of the CPF-induced SCC, which promoted the initiation and propagation of the stress corrosion cracks, was discussed.展开更多
Mermithid nematodes,such as Ovomermis sinensis,are used as biological control agents against many insect pests,including cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera).However,given the host's robust immune system,the infe...Mermithid nematodes,such as Ovomermis sinensis,are used as biological control agents against many insect pests,including cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera).However,given the host's robust immune system,the infection rate of O.sinensis is low,thus restricting its widespread use.To understand the host defense mechanisms against mermithid nematodes,we identified and characterized a protein involved in the recognition of O.sinensis,the potential O.sinensis-binding protein C-type lectin 1(HaCTLla and/or HaCTLIb),which was eluted from the surface of O.sinensis after incubation with H.armigera plasma.HaCTLIb is homologous to the previously reported HaCTLla protein.HaCTLI was predominantly expressed in hemocytes and was induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone through ecdysone receptor(HaEcR)or ultraspiracle(HaUSP),or both.Binding assays confirmed the interactions of the HaCTLI proteins with O.sinensis but not with Romanomermis wuchangensis,a parasitic nematode of mosquito.Moreover,the HaCTL1 proteins were secreted into the hemocoel and promoted hemocyte-mediated encapsulation and phagocytosis.A knockdown of HaEcR and/or HaUSP resulted in compromised encapsulation and phagocytosis.Thus,HaCTLI appears to modulate cellular immunity in the defense against parasitic nematodes,and the 20-hydroxyecdysone-HaEcR-HaUSP complex is involved in regulating the process.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND A solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is often located in the pleura,while SFT of the pancreas is extremely rare.Here,we report a case of SFT of the pancreas and discuss imaging,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry for accurate diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man presented to our hospital with pancreatic occupancy for over a month.There were no previous complaints of discomfort.His blood pressure was normal.Blood glucose,tumor markers,and enhanced computed tomography(CT)suggested a malignant tumor.Because the CT appearance of pancreatic cancer varies,we could not confirm the diagnosis;therefore,we performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB).Pathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with SFT of the pancreas.The posto-perative pathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with the puncture results.The patient presented for a follow-up examination one month after discharge with no adverse effects.CONCLUSION Other diseases must be excluded in patients with a pancreatic mass that cannot be diagnosed.CT and pathological histology have diagnostic value for pancreatic tumors.Endoscopic puncture biopsy under ultrasound can help diagnose pancreatic masses that cannot be diagnosed preoperatively.Surgery is an effective treatment for SFT of the pancreas;however,long-term follow-up is strongly recommended because of the possibility of malignant transformation of the tumor.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81672573)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2021D01F21)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB474)。
文摘Objective:Histone modification has a significant effect on gene expression.Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)contributes to the epigenetic silencing of target chromatin through its roles as a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme.The development of anoikis resistance in tumor cells is considered to be a critical step in the metastatic process of primary malignant tumors.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of anoikis resistance in ovarian adenocarcinoma peritoneal metastasis.Methods:In addition to examining EZH2 protein expression in ovarian cancer omental metastatic tissues,we established a model of ovarian cancer cell anoikis and a xenograft tumor model in nude mice.Anoikis resistance and ovarian cancer progression were tested after EZH2 and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)levels were modified.Results:EZH2 expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer omental metastatic tissues than in normal ovarian tissues.Reducing the level of EZH2 decreased the level of m6A and ovarian cancer cell anoikis resistance in vitro and inhibited ovarian cancer progression in vivo.M6a regulation altered the effect of EZH2 on anoikis resistance.Conclusion:Our results indicate that EZH2 contributes to anoikis resistance and promotes ovarian adenocarcinoma abdominal metastasis by m6A modification.Our findings imply the potential of the clinical application of m6A and EZH2 for patients with ovarian cancer.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602629).
文摘Objective To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer.Methods Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and Results database.Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a,T1b,and T2a(American Joint Committee on Cancer,7th edition)from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching.Overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 4964 patients included in the study,1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes(N1),and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes(N0).Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group(P<0.001)and N0 group(P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis,similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a(100.0%vs.61.1%),T1b(84.1%vs.64.3%),and T2a(74.4%vs.63.8%).In patients with T1b1 and T2a1,primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation,but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2.In multivariate analysis,the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients(HR_(N1)=2.522,95%CI=1.919–3.054,PN1<0.001;HR_(N0)=1.895,95%CI=1.689–2.126,PN0<0.001).Conclusion In early cervical cancer stage T1a,T1b1,and T2a1,primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.
基金Medical Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province,No.202103030765Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2021QH195 and No.ZR2020QH035.
文摘After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain more nutrients and escape from the harsher environments of the stomach,leading to acute infection and chronic gastritis,which is the basis of malignant gastric tumors.The endoscopic manifestations and pathological features of H.pylori infection are diverse and vary with the duration of infection.In this review,we describe the endoscopic manifestations of each stage of H.pylori gastritis and then reveal the potential mechanisms of bacterial intragastric colonization and migration from the perspective of endoscopists to provide direction for future research on the effective therapy and management of H.pylori infection.
基金This work was supported by the Weifang Medical College 2019 University-level Teaching Reform and Research Project(Grant No:2019ZXSJ029).
文摘With the rapid development of the technology of information network and the era of big data,information technology is now widely used in the field of education.Comprehensive popularity of mobile phones,computers,tablet computers and portable communication devices and WIFI also facilitate the widespread use of online learning,learning in free time,free learning and other modes.The emergence of microlecture follows the learning mode and trend of modern society,special for young medical students who are highly passionate in accepting new things and have a strong ability in using information technology.In this paper,the necessity and feasibility of self-directed teaching methods related to microlecture and flipped classroom in the teaching in a non-directly affiliated hospital.Using the advantages of the"microlecture and flipped classroom"teaching model,it is possible to improve the learning effect of medical students,construct high-quality online courses,and make quality teaching resources widely shared.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175198 and 11475209)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA10010200 and XDA10010400)
文摘The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP–PMT). The aging characteristics of the large area MCP–PMTs are different from dynode PMTs and small proximity-focus MCP–PMT. In this work, a prototype large area MCP–PMT was aged by operating with nearly 1000 photoelectrons per pulse for 3 months, and aging process of the MCP–PMT was discussed based on the aging curve.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830026)Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900883)the Science and Technology Support Project of Tianjin(No.18ZXDBSY00030)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal cor ticoid as an adjunctive therapy to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nvAMD).METHODS:Four databases including Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane Library,and the clinicaltrials.gov were comprehensively searched for studies comparing intravitreal corticoid plus anti-VEGF(IVC/IVA)vs anti-VEGF monotherapy(IVA)in patients with nvAMD.GRADE profiler was used to assess the quality of outcomes.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT)and adverse events including the occurrence of severe elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and the progress of cataract were extracted from the eligible studies.Review Manager(Rev Man)5.3 was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:There was no statistic difference of mean change in BCVA at 6 and 12 mo between IVC/IVA and IVA group[95%confidence interval(CI):-2.28 to 4.24,P=0.55;95%CI:-3.01 to 8.70,P=0.34].No statistic difference was found in the change of CMT between two groups at 6 mo time point(95%CI:-17.98 to 16.42,P=0.93)while the CMT reduction in IVC/IVA group was significantly more obvious than IVA group at 12 mo time point[mean difference(MD)=-44.08,95%CI:-80.52 to-7.63,P=0.02].The risk of occurrence of severe elevation of IOP in the IVC/IVA group was higher than that in the IVA group(95%CI:1.92 to 9.48;P=0.0004).Cataract progression risk was calculated no statistic difference between two groups(95%CI:0.74 to 4.66;P=0.18).CONCLUSION:No visual or anatomical benefits are observed in IVC/IVA group at 6 mo.At 12 mo,the CMT of the IVC/IVA group is significantly lower than that of the IVA group.Risk of severe elevation of IOP is significantly higher when treated by IVC/IVA.
基金Weifang Medical University 2019 School-level Teaching Reform and Research Project+Application of Autonomous Teaching Mode Based on Microlecture and Flipped Classroom in Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching(Grant No:2019ZXSJ029)Key Research Topic of Scientific and Educational Innovation in Institute of Educational Science,China Academy of Management Sciences(Grant No:KJCX5406).
文摘At present,the main body of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology is still the traditional clinical teaching method,in which clinical teachers are the main body,and interns are the passive.It is not conducive to giving full play to interns'learning enthusiasm and ability to actively solve problems if lack of stimulating the clinical thinking and cultivating the ability to raise questions.In the face of the problems and deficiencies in gynecological clinical teaching in the new era,our team tries to adopt diversified teaching methods,such as medical record teaching method,multimedia teaching method,main-role teaching method,problem-based learning teaching method and so on,so as to improve students'ability of autonomous learning and problem-solving,as well as students'ability of innovation and cooperation.Therefore,clinical teaching teachers and teaching managers should keep pace with the times to carry out diversified teaching mode reform in gynecological clinical teaching.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51371035)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2013AA031104)
文摘Finite element analyses including a cohesive zone model(CZM) were conducted to investigate the role of corrosion product films(CPFs) in stress corrosion cracking(SCC) for copper in an ammoniacal solution. It is found that a tensile CPF-induced stress generates near the interface between the CPF and the copper substrate at the substrate side in front of the notch tip for a U-shaped edgenotched specimens. The CPF-induced stress is superimposed on the applied stress to enhance emission and motion of dislocations. The peak opening stress(S_(11)) increases with an increase in CPF thickness and a decrease in CPF Young's modulus. Damage mechanics based on the CZM was applied to study the stress corrosion crack initiation and propagation by analyzing the stress redistributions and load–displacement curves. The results show that the crack initiates first in the CPF and then propagates to the copper substrate. The fracture strain of the specimen covered a CPF is lower than that without a CPF. Based on the simulation results, the mechanism of the CPF-induced SCC, which promoted the initiation and propagation of the stress corrosion cracks, was discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872301 and 31772220)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.CCNU19TS026).
文摘Mermithid nematodes,such as Ovomermis sinensis,are used as biological control agents against many insect pests,including cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera).However,given the host's robust immune system,the infection rate of O.sinensis is low,thus restricting its widespread use.To understand the host defense mechanisms against mermithid nematodes,we identified and characterized a protein involved in the recognition of O.sinensis,the potential O.sinensis-binding protein C-type lectin 1(HaCTLla and/or HaCTLIb),which was eluted from the surface of O.sinensis after incubation with H.armigera plasma.HaCTLIb is homologous to the previously reported HaCTLla protein.HaCTLI was predominantly expressed in hemocytes and was induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone through ecdysone receptor(HaEcR)or ultraspiracle(HaUSP),or both.Binding assays confirmed the interactions of the HaCTLI proteins with O.sinensis but not with Romanomermis wuchangensis,a parasitic nematode of mosquito.Moreover,the HaCTL1 proteins were secreted into the hemocoel and promoted hemocyte-mediated encapsulation and phagocytosis.A knockdown of HaEcR and/or HaUSP resulted in compromised encapsulation and phagocytosis.Thus,HaCTLI appears to modulate cellular immunity in the defense against parasitic nematodes,and the 20-hydroxyecdysone-HaEcR-HaUSP complex is involved in regulating the process.
