Objective Anthracycline-containing regimens are irreplaceable in neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for breast cancer(BC)at present.However,30% of early breast cancer(EBC)patients are resistant to anthracycline-containing c...Objective Anthracycline-containing regimens are irreplaceable in neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for breast cancer(BC)at present.However,30% of early breast cancer(EBC)patients are resistant to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy,leading to poor prognosis and higher mortality.Ki-67 is associated with the prognosis and response to therapy,and it changes after NAC.Methods A total of 105 BC patients who received anthracycline-containing NAC were enrolled.Then,the optimal model of Ki-67 was selected,and its predictive efficacy was analyzed.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to determine the estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)status and Ki-67 level.Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to verify the HER-2 when the IHC score was 2+.Results The post-NAC Ki67 level after treatment with anthracycline drugs was lower than pre-NAC Ki-67(19.6%±23.3%vs.45.6%±23.1%,P<0.001).Furthermore,patients with the Ki-67 decrease had a border line higher pathological complete response(pCR)rate(17.2%vs.0.0%,P=0.068),and a higher overall response rate(ORR)(73.6%vs.27.8%,P<0.001),when compared to patients without the Ki-67 decrease.The ΔKi-67 and ΔKi-67%were valuable markers for the prediction of both the pCR rate and ORR.The area under the curve(AUC)for ΔKi-67 on pCR and ORR was 0.809(0.698-0.921)and 0.755(0.655-0.855),respectively,while the AUC for ΔKi-67% on pCR and ORR was 0.857(0.742-0.972)and 0.720(0.618-0.822),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression model 1 revealed thatΔKi-67 was an independent predictor for both pCR[odds ratio(OR)=61.030,95% confidence interval(CI)=4.709-790.965;P=0.002]and ORR(OR=10.001,95%CI:3.044-32.858;P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression model 2 revealed thatΔKi-67%was also an independent predictor for both pCR(OR=408.922,95%CI=8.908-18771.224;P=0.002)and ORR(OR=5.419,95%CI=1.842-15.943;P=0.002).Conclusions The present study results suggest thatΔKi67 andΔKi67%are candidate predictors for anthracycline-containing NAC response,and that they may provide various information for further systematic therapy after surgery in clinical practice.展开更多
AIM: To detect the possible role of interleukin(IL)-26 in diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients.METHODS: Subjects were divided into diabetes without retinopathy(DWR) group(n=20), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPD...AIM: To detect the possible role of interleukin(IL)-26 in diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients.METHODS: Subjects were divided into diabetes without retinopathy(DWR) group(n=20), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) group(n=20), proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) group(n=20) and normal control group(n=20). The protein expression of IL-26 in the serum and vitreous fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The m RNA change of IL-26 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The serum expression of IL-26 in PDR group was significantly elevated compared with the normal control group, DWR group and NPDR group. The vitreous fluid concentration of IL-26 in PDR patients(without antiVEGF therapy) was also higher compared to normal controls. However, no obvious significance was found concerning the expression of IL-26 in vitreous fluid between PDR after anti-VEGF therapy and normal controls. In PDR group, the m RNA level of IL-26 significantly increased compared with the normal controls and DWR patients in the PBMCs.CONCLUSION: Protein and m RNA expression of IL-26 are increased in serum, vitreous fluid and PBMCs in PDR patients, suggesting that IL-26 may be associated with the pathogenesis of PDR.展开更多
The energy dissipation mechanism of energetic materials(EMs) is very important for keeping safety. We choose nitrobenzene as a model of EM and employ transient absorption(TA) spectroscopy and time-resolved coherent an...The energy dissipation mechanism of energetic materials(EMs) is very important for keeping safety. We choose nitrobenzene as a model of EM and employ transient absorption(TA) spectroscopy and time-resolved coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering(CARS) to clarify its energy dissipation mechanism. The TA data confirms that the excited nitrobenzene spends about 16 ps finishing the twist intramolecular charge transfer from benzene to nitro group, and dissipates its energy through the rapid vibration relaxation in the initial excited state. And then the dynamics of vibrational modes(VMs) in the ground state of nitrobenzene, which are located at 682 cm^(-1)(v_1), 854 cm^(-1)(v_2), 1006 cm^(-1)(v_3), and 1023 cm^(-1)(v_4),is scanned by CARS. It exhibits that the excess energy of nitrobenzene on the ground state would further dissipate through intramolecular vibrational redistribution based on the vibrational cooling of vi and v_2 modes, v_1 and v_4 modes, and v_3 and v_4 modes. Moreover, the vibration-vibration coupling depends not only on the energy levels of VMs, but also on the spatial position of chemical bonds relative to the VM.展开更多
A Mn18Cr2 steel containing TiN precipitates was fabricated by vacuum induction melting.The morphology of TiN precipitates and the interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe were characterized by means of...A Mn18Cr2 steel containing TiN precipitates was fabricated by vacuum induction melting.The morphology of TiN precipitates and the interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe were characterized by means of SEM,TEM and SAED,and the formation mechanism of TiN precipitates in Mn18Cr2 steel was clarified.Results show that the TiN precipitates are more likely to exhibit a cubic-shaped morphology and form both within the grain and at the grain boundary of γ-Fe.The interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe is determined as follows:(100)_(TiN)//■_(γ-Fe),■_(TiN)//■_(γ-Fe).Because of the smallest interfacialmisfit,the secondary close-packed lane {100} of TiN preferentially combines with the close-packed plane {111} of γ-Fe during the precipitation in order to minimize the interface energy.After nucleation,the TiN precipitates exhibit cubic appearance due to the fact that the TiN has a FCC structure with rock salt type structure.This study provides reference for the material design of the austenitic high-manganese steels with excellent yield strength.展开更多
As the main organic acid in fruits,malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole.It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps,transporters,and channels,affecting the taste and flavor of fruit...As the main organic acid in fruits,malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole.It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps,transporters,and channels,affecting the taste and flavor of fruits.Among the three types of proton pumps(V-ATPases,V-PPases,and P-ATPases),the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles.In this study,the transcriptome data,collected at different stages after blooming and during storage,were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5,a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase,was associated with both pre-and post-harvest malate contents.Moreover,MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.In addition,MdMYB73,an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5,directly binds to its promoter,thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity.In this way,MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.Overall,this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems,thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.展开更多
Cell elongation and secondary wall deposition are two consecutive stages during cotton fiber development. The mechanisms controlling the progression of these two developmental phases remain largely unknown. Here,we re...Cell elongation and secondary wall deposition are two consecutive stages during cotton fiber development. The mechanisms controlling the progression of these two developmental phases remain largely unknown. Here,we report the functional characterization of the actin-bundling protein GhFIM2 in cotton fiber. Overexpression of GhFIM2 increased the abundance of actin bundles,which was accompanied with accelerated fiber growth at the fastelongating stage. Meanwhile,overexpression of GhFIM2 could propel the onset of secondary cell wall biogenesis. These results indicate that the dynamic rearrangement of actin higher structures involving GhFIM2 plays an important role in the development of cotton fiber cells.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have made great progress since 2009 and become the focus of current research. As an important part of PSCs, charge transporting materials play an important role in the performance of the d...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have made great progress since 2009 and become the focus of current research. As an important part of PSCs, charge transporting materials play an important role in the performance of the devices. In this review, we introduce the evolution of electron and hole transporting materials in PSCs in recent years and summarize some typical charge transporting materials and their applications in PSCs. For electron transporting materials, metal oxides(TiO_(2), SnO_(2) and ZnO) and organic materials(fullerenes, non-fullerenes and their derivatives)are the most widely used materials in PSCs. For hole transporting materials, small molecule spiro-OMeTAD(2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene), polymer PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate), PTAA(poly-[bi(4-phenyl)](2,4,3-trimethylphenyla-mine)), P3 HT(poly(3-hexythiophene)) and inorganic materials(NiOx, CuSCN, CuO) are adopted in PSCs. Finally, different types of charge transporting materials are summarized and their future development is prospected.展开更多
Sugars are involved in plant growth,fruit quality,and signaling perception.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms involved in soluble sugar accumulation is essential to understand fruit development.Here,we report that...Sugars are involved in plant growth,fruit quality,and signaling perception.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms involved in soluble sugar accumulation is essential to understand fruit development.Here,we report that Md PFPβ,a pyrophosphatedependent phosphofructokinase gene,regulates soluble sugar accumulation by enhancing the photosynthetic performance and sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).Biochemical analysis revealed that a basic helix-loop-helix(b HLH)transcription factor,Mdb HLH3,binds to the Md PFPβpromoter and activates its expression,thus promoting soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruit.In addition,Md PFPβoverexpression in tomato influenced photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in the plant.Furthermore,we determined that Mdb HLH3 increases photosynthetic rates and soluble sugar accumulation in apple by activating Md PFPβexpression.Our results thus shed light on the mechanism of soluble sugar accumulation in apple leaves and fruit:Mdb HLH3 regulates soluble sugar accumulation by activating Md PFPβgene expression and coordinating carbohydrate allocation.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme,China(No.QML20231602)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology(BAST)(No.BYESS2023226).
文摘Objective Anthracycline-containing regimens are irreplaceable in neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for breast cancer(BC)at present.However,30% of early breast cancer(EBC)patients are resistant to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy,leading to poor prognosis and higher mortality.Ki-67 is associated with the prognosis and response to therapy,and it changes after NAC.Methods A total of 105 BC patients who received anthracycline-containing NAC were enrolled.Then,the optimal model of Ki-67 was selected,and its predictive efficacy was analyzed.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to determine the estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)status and Ki-67 level.Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to verify the HER-2 when the IHC score was 2+.Results The post-NAC Ki67 level after treatment with anthracycline drugs was lower than pre-NAC Ki-67(19.6%±23.3%vs.45.6%±23.1%,P<0.001).Furthermore,patients with the Ki-67 decrease had a border line higher pathological complete response(pCR)rate(17.2%vs.0.0%,P=0.068),and a higher overall response rate(ORR)(73.6%vs.27.8%,P<0.001),when compared to patients without the Ki-67 decrease.The ΔKi-67 and ΔKi-67%were valuable markers for the prediction of both the pCR rate and ORR.The area under the curve(AUC)for ΔKi-67 on pCR and ORR was 0.809(0.698-0.921)and 0.755(0.655-0.855),respectively,while the AUC for ΔKi-67% on pCR and ORR was 0.857(0.742-0.972)and 0.720(0.618-0.822),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression model 1 revealed thatΔKi-67 was an independent predictor for both pCR[odds ratio(OR)=61.030,95% confidence interval(CI)=4.709-790.965;P=0.002]and ORR(OR=10.001,95%CI:3.044-32.858;P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression model 2 revealed thatΔKi-67%was also an independent predictor for both pCR(OR=408.922,95%CI=8.908-18771.224;P=0.002)and ORR(OR=5.419,95%CI=1.842-15.943;P=0.002).Conclusions The present study results suggest thatΔKi67 andΔKi67%are candidate predictors for anthracycline-containing NAC response,and that they may provide various information for further systematic therapy after surgery in clinical practice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81870643)
文摘AIM: To detect the possible role of interleukin(IL)-26 in diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients.METHODS: Subjects were divided into diabetes without retinopathy(DWR) group(n=20), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) group(n=20), proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) group(n=20) and normal control group(n=20). The protein expression of IL-26 in the serum and vitreous fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The m RNA change of IL-26 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The serum expression of IL-26 in PDR group was significantly elevated compared with the normal control group, DWR group and NPDR group. The vitreous fluid concentration of IL-26 in PDR patients(without antiVEGF therapy) was also higher compared to normal controls. However, no obvious significance was found concerning the expression of IL-26 in vitreous fluid between PDR after anti-VEGF therapy and normal controls. In PDR group, the m RNA level of IL-26 significantly increased compared with the normal controls and DWR patients in the PBMCs.CONCLUSION: Protein and m RNA expression of IL-26 are increased in serum, vitreous fluid and PBMCs in PDR patients, suggesting that IL-26 may be associated with the pathogenesis of PDR.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21573094,11274142,11474131,11574112,and 51502109)the National Found for Fostering Talents of Basic Science,China(Grant No.J1103202)+1 种基金the Science Challenging Program(Grant No.JCKY2016212A501)China Scholarship Council(CSC) during a visit of Ning Sui(Grant No.201706175038) to MPIA is also acknowledged
文摘The energy dissipation mechanism of energetic materials(EMs) is very important for keeping safety. We choose nitrobenzene as a model of EM and employ transient absorption(TA) spectroscopy and time-resolved coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering(CARS) to clarify its energy dissipation mechanism. The TA data confirms that the excited nitrobenzene spends about 16 ps finishing the twist intramolecular charge transfer from benzene to nitro group, and dissipates its energy through the rapid vibration relaxation in the initial excited state. And then the dynamics of vibrational modes(VMs) in the ground state of nitrobenzene, which are located at 682 cm^(-1)(v_1), 854 cm^(-1)(v_2), 1006 cm^(-1)(v_3), and 1023 cm^(-1)(v_4),is scanned by CARS. It exhibits that the excess energy of nitrobenzene on the ground state would further dissipate through intramolecular vibrational redistribution based on the vibrational cooling of vi and v_2 modes, v_1 and v_4 modes, and v_3 and v_4 modes. Moreover, the vibration-vibration coupling depends not only on the energy levels of VMs, but also on the spatial position of chemical bonds relative to the VM.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1604251)the Major Scientific and Technological Project of Luoyang,China(Grant No.2001017A)。
文摘A Mn18Cr2 steel containing TiN precipitates was fabricated by vacuum induction melting.The morphology of TiN precipitates and the interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe were characterized by means of SEM,TEM and SAED,and the formation mechanism of TiN precipitates in Mn18Cr2 steel was clarified.Results show that the TiN precipitates are more likely to exhibit a cubic-shaped morphology and form both within the grain and at the grain boundary of γ-Fe.The interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe is determined as follows:(100)_(TiN)//■_(γ-Fe),■_(TiN)//■_(γ-Fe).Because of the smallest interfacialmisfit,the secondary close-packed lane {100} of TiN preferentially combines with the close-packed plane {111} of γ-Fe during the precipitation in order to minimize the interface energy.After nucleation,the TiN precipitates exhibit cubic appearance due to the fact that the TiN has a FCC structure with rock salt type structure.This study provides reference for the material design of the austenitic high-manganese steels with excellent yield strength.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122080,31972375)Shandong Province(ZR2020YQ25).
文摘As the main organic acid in fruits,malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole.It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps,transporters,and channels,affecting the taste and flavor of fruits.Among the three types of proton pumps(V-ATPases,V-PPases,and P-ATPases),the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles.In this study,the transcriptome data,collected at different stages after blooming and during storage,were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5,a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase,was associated with both pre-and post-harvest malate contents.Moreover,MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.In addition,MdMYB73,an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5,directly binds to its promoter,thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity.In this way,MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.Overall,this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems,thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFD0100505-09)the National Natural Science Foundation(31100870)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(2015B0129-02)
文摘Cell elongation and secondary wall deposition are two consecutive stages during cotton fiber development. The mechanisms controlling the progression of these two developmental phases remain largely unknown. Here,we report the functional characterization of the actin-bundling protein GhFIM2 in cotton fiber. Overexpression of GhFIM2 increased the abundance of actin bundles,which was accompanied with accelerated fiber growth at the fastelongating stage. Meanwhile,overexpression of GhFIM2 could propel the onset of secondary cell wall biogenesis. These results indicate that the dynamic rearrangement of actin higher structures involving GhFIM2 plays an important role in the development of cotton fiber cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61922060,61775156,61905173 and U1710115)Key Research and Development (International Cooperation) Program of Shanxi Province (No.201803D421044)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No.201801D221029)the Henry Fok Education Foundation Young Teachers fund,the Young Sanjin Scholars Program,the Platform and Base Special Project of Shanxi Province (No.201805D131012-3)the Graduate Innovation Project of Shanxi Province (No.2020BY117)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have made great progress since 2009 and become the focus of current research. As an important part of PSCs, charge transporting materials play an important role in the performance of the devices. In this review, we introduce the evolution of electron and hole transporting materials in PSCs in recent years and summarize some typical charge transporting materials and their applications in PSCs. For electron transporting materials, metal oxides(TiO_(2), SnO_(2) and ZnO) and organic materials(fullerenes, non-fullerenes and their derivatives)are the most widely used materials in PSCs. For hole transporting materials, small molecule spiro-OMeTAD(2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene), polymer PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate), PTAA(poly-[bi(4-phenyl)](2,4,3-trimethylphenyla-mine)), P3 HT(poly(3-hexythiophene)) and inorganic materials(NiOx, CuSCN, CuO) are adopted in PSCs. Finally, different types of charge transporting materials are summarized and their future development is prospected.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122080,31972375,31902049)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000200)Shandong Province(ZR2020YQ25)。
文摘Sugars are involved in plant growth,fruit quality,and signaling perception.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms involved in soluble sugar accumulation is essential to understand fruit development.Here,we report that Md PFPβ,a pyrophosphatedependent phosphofructokinase gene,regulates soluble sugar accumulation by enhancing the photosynthetic performance and sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).Biochemical analysis revealed that a basic helix-loop-helix(b HLH)transcription factor,Mdb HLH3,binds to the Md PFPβpromoter and activates its expression,thus promoting soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruit.In addition,Md PFPβoverexpression in tomato influenced photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in the plant.Furthermore,we determined that Mdb HLH3 increases photosynthetic rates and soluble sugar accumulation in apple by activating Md PFPβexpression.Our results thus shed light on the mechanism of soluble sugar accumulation in apple leaves and fruit:Mdb HLH3 regulates soluble sugar accumulation by activating Md PFPβgene expression and coordinating carbohydrate allocation.
