Based on non-maximally entangled four-particle cluster states, we propose a new hierarchical information splitting protocol to probabilistically realize the quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit stat...Based on non-maximally entangled four-particle cluster states, we propose a new hierarchical information splitting protocol to probabilistically realize the quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the two-qubit secret state to three agents who are divided into two grades with two Bell-state measurements,and broadcasts the measurement results via a classical channel. One agent is in the upper grade and two agents are in the lower grade. The agent in the upper grade only needs to cooperate with one of the other two agents to recover the secret state but both of the agents in the lower grade need help from all of the agents. Every agent who wants to recover the secret state needs to introduce two ancillary qubits and performs a positive operator-valued measurement（POVM） instead of the usual projective measurement. Moreover, due to the symmetry of the cluster state, we extend this protocol to multiparty agents.展开更多
The recovery of metal oxides from stainless steel dust using C（graphite）, SiFe, and Al as reductants was investigated under various conditions. The apparent distribution ratio of Cr（L Cr ′^m/s ） in the recovered ...The recovery of metal oxides from stainless steel dust using C（graphite）, SiFe, and Al as reductants was investigated under various conditions. The apparent distribution ratio of Cr（L Cr ′^m/s ） in the recovered metal and residual slag phases was defined as the major performance metric. The results show that the recovery ratio of metals increases as the ratio of CaO ：SiO2 by mass in the residual slag increases to 1.17. The residual content of metals in the slag decreases as the Al2O3 content of the slag is increased from approximately 8wt% to 10wt%. The recovery ratio of Cr increases with increasing L Cr ′^ m/s , and a linear relationship between L Cr ′^m/s and the activity coefficient ratio of CrO in the slag and the recovered metal phase is observed. The combination of C and SiFe or Al as the reducing agents reveals that Si is the more effective coreductant.展开更多
The blowing and stirring composite process of molten iron desulfurization process affects the desulfurization efficiency and has obvious advantages in improving steel properties and expanding the scale of converter st...The blowing and stirring composite process of molten iron desulfurization process affects the desulfurization efficiency and has obvious advantages in improving steel properties and expanding the scale of converter steelmaking.At present,the injection position of the injection stirring research is fixed,and the desulfurization efficiency needs to be improved.The gas–liquid flow behavior of single-scale bubble model and the size and distribution of bubbles in multi-scale bubble model were studied by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method for the injection mixing composite process of jet inlet and stirring paddle rotating at the same speed.The pressure distribution and velocity distribution inside the fluid indicate that the velocity difference between the gas–liquid phases and the turbulence of the liquid are due to the collisions of bubbles,which are due to essential conditions for bubble breaking.Different injection air volumes have essential influence on the formation of single bubbles.When the injection volume reaches 2.8 m3/h,the turbulent kinetic energy is maximum,the bubble formation is rapid,and the desulfurization efficiency can be improved.The multi-bubble results show that the bubble diameter is mainly distributed in the range of 2–5 mm.The higher gas flow rate will increase the number of bubbles in the fluid and promote the bubble refinement process.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61671087)
文摘Based on non-maximally entangled four-particle cluster states, we propose a new hierarchical information splitting protocol to probabilistically realize the quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the two-qubit secret state to three agents who are divided into two grades with two Bell-state measurements,and broadcasts the measurement results via a classical channel. One agent is in the upper grade and two agents are in the lower grade. The agent in the upper grade only needs to cooperate with one of the other two agents to recover the secret state but both of the agents in the lower grade need help from all of the agents. Every agent who wants to recover the secret state needs to introduce two ancillary qubits and performs a positive operator-valued measurement（POVM） instead of the usual projective measurement. Moreover, due to the symmetry of the cluster state, we extend this protocol to multiparty agents.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51474021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. FRF-SD-12-009A)
文摘The recovery of metal oxides from stainless steel dust using C（graphite）, SiFe, and Al as reductants was investigated under various conditions. The apparent distribution ratio of Cr（L Cr ′^m/s ） in the recovered metal and residual slag phases was defined as the major performance metric. The results show that the recovery ratio of metals increases as the ratio of CaO ：SiO2 by mass in the residual slag increases to 1.17. The residual content of metals in the slag decreases as the Al2O3 content of the slag is increased from approximately 8wt% to 10wt%. The recovery ratio of Cr increases with increasing L Cr ′^ m/s , and a linear relationship between L Cr ′^m/s and the activity coefficient ratio of CrO in the slag and the recovered metal phase is observed. The combination of C and SiFe or Al as the reducing agents reveals that Si is the more effective coreductant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2223026)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao(No.XNY201808).
文摘The blowing and stirring composite process of molten iron desulfurization process affects the desulfurization efficiency and has obvious advantages in improving steel properties and expanding the scale of converter steelmaking.At present,the injection position of the injection stirring research is fixed,and the desulfurization efficiency needs to be improved.The gas–liquid flow behavior of single-scale bubble model and the size and distribution of bubbles in multi-scale bubble model were studied by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method for the injection mixing composite process of jet inlet and stirring paddle rotating at the same speed.The pressure distribution and velocity distribution inside the fluid indicate that the velocity difference between the gas–liquid phases and the turbulence of the liquid are due to the collisions of bubbles,which are due to essential conditions for bubble breaking.Different injection air volumes have essential influence on the formation of single bubbles.When the injection volume reaches 2.8 m3/h,the turbulent kinetic energy is maximum,the bubble formation is rapid,and the desulfurization efficiency can be improved.The multi-bubble results show that the bubble diameter is mainly distributed in the range of 2–5 mm.The higher gas flow rate will increase the number of bubbles in the fluid and promote the bubble refinement process.
