Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with unique genomic and phenotypic features that differ between individual patients and even among individual tumor regions.In recent years,large-scale genomic studies and new next-ge...Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with unique genomic and phenotypic features that differ between individual patients and even among individual tumor regions.In recent years,large-scale genomic studies and new next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered more scientifc details about tumor heterogeneity,with significant implications for the choice of specific molecular biomarkers and clinical decision making Genomic heterogeneity signifcantly contributes to the generation of a diverse cell population during tumor development and progression,representing a determining factor for variation in tumor treatment response.It has been considered a prominent contributor to therapeutic failure,and increases the likelihood of resistance to future therapies in most common cancers.The understanding of molecular heterogeneity in cancer is a fundamental component of precision oncology,enabling the identification of genomic alteration of key genes and pathways that can be targeted therapeutically.Here,we review the emerging knowledge of tumor genomics and heterogeneity,as well as potential implications for precision medicine in cancer treatment and new therapeutic discoveries.An analysis and interpretation of the TCGA database was included.展开更多
To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for ther...To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for therapy. Despite recent progress in treatment regimens for ESCC, the prognosis of ESCC remains poor.[1] Therefore, it is important to find new molecular therapeutic targets and prognostic monitoring biomarkers for ESCC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore new prognostic biomarkers for ESCC.展开更多
Background:Ion channels are a large family of transmembrane proteins,accessible by soluble membraneimpermeable molecules,and thus are targets for development of therapeutic drugs.Ion channels are the second most commo...Background:Ion channels are a large family of transmembrane proteins,accessible by soluble membraneimpermeable molecules,and thus are targets for development of therapeutic drugs.Ion channels are the second most common target for existing drugs,after G protein-coupled receptors,and are expected to make a big impact on precision medicine in many different diseases includingwound repair and regeneration.Research has shown that endogenous bioelectric signaling mediated by ion channels is critical in non-mammalian limb regeneration.However,the role of ion channels in regeneration of limbs in mammalian systems is not yet defined.Methods:To explore the role of potassium channels in limb wound repair and regeneration,the hindlimbs of mouse embryos were amputated at E12.5 when the wound is expected to regenerate and E15.5 when the wound is not expected to regenerate,and gene expression of potassium channels was studied.Results:Most of the potassium channels were downregulated,except for the potassium channel kcnj8(Kir6.1)which was upregulated in E12.5 embryos after amputation.Conclusion:This study provides a new mouse limb regeneration model and demonstrates that potassium channels are potential drug targets for limb wound healing and regeneration.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81770173)the National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R01 DK100858).
文摘Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with unique genomic and phenotypic features that differ between individual patients and even among individual tumor regions.In recent years,large-scale genomic studies and new next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered more scientifc details about tumor heterogeneity,with significant implications for the choice of specific molecular biomarkers and clinical decision making Genomic heterogeneity signifcantly contributes to the generation of a diverse cell population during tumor development and progression,representing a determining factor for variation in tumor treatment response.It has been considered a prominent contributor to therapeutic failure,and increases the likelihood of resistance to future therapies in most common cancers.The understanding of molecular heterogeneity in cancer is a fundamental component of precision oncology,enabling the identification of genomic alteration of key genes and pathways that can be targeted therapeutically.Here,we review the emerging knowledge of tumor genomics and heterogeneity,as well as potential implications for precision medicine in cancer treatment and new therapeutic discoveries.An analysis and interpretation of the TCGA database was included.
基金This study was supported by the grants from National Key Development Plan for Precision Medicine Research,China(No.2017YFC0910004)Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(No.2017HH0044)Chengdu Science and Technology Program,China(No.2017-CY02-00017-GX)。
文摘To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for therapy. Despite recent progress in treatment regimens for ESCC, the prognosis of ESCC remains poor.[1] Therefore, it is important to find new molecular therapeutic targets and prognostic monitoring biomarkers for ESCC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore new prognostic biomarkers for ESCC.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR)(Grants No.3R01DE027255-01S1 and 1R21DE028091-01).
文摘Background:Ion channels are a large family of transmembrane proteins,accessible by soluble membraneimpermeable molecules,and thus are targets for development of therapeutic drugs.Ion channels are the second most common target for existing drugs,after G protein-coupled receptors,and are expected to make a big impact on precision medicine in many different diseases includingwound repair and regeneration.Research has shown that endogenous bioelectric signaling mediated by ion channels is critical in non-mammalian limb regeneration.However,the role of ion channels in regeneration of limbs in mammalian systems is not yet defined.Methods:To explore the role of potassium channels in limb wound repair and regeneration,the hindlimbs of mouse embryos were amputated at E12.5 when the wound is expected to regenerate and E15.5 when the wound is not expected to regenerate,and gene expression of potassium channels was studied.Results:Most of the potassium channels were downregulated,except for the potassium channel kcnj8(Kir6.1)which was upregulated in E12.5 embryos after amputation.Conclusion:This study provides a new mouse limb regeneration model and demonstrates that potassium channels are potential drug targets for limb wound healing and regeneration.
