Redundancy control can effectively enhance the stability and robustness of a system.Based on the conventional redundancy control switchover and majority arbitration strategy,this paper introduces the concept of hetero...Redundancy control can effectively enhance the stability and robustness of a system.Based on the conventional redundancy control switchover and majority arbitration strategy,this paper introduces the concept of heterogeneity and dynamics,constructs a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy-based microcontroller architecture DHR-MCU,and designs a fixed-leader distributed consensus algorithm that satisfies the program running state control of this architecture.The theoretical analysis and actual measurement of the prototype system prove that this architecture has good anti-attack and self-recovery capabilities under normal functions and performances and meets the general robust features in terms of safety and security.展开更多
Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their high power density and extended cycling stability.However,relatively low areal energy density still hinders their practic...Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their high power density and extended cycling stability.However,relatively low areal energy density still hinders their practical applications.Here,an asymmetric Mg ion MSC with promising high energy density is fabricated.Firstly,indium tin oxide(ITO)NWs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition as the excellent current collector.Subsequently,nanostructured Mn_(3)O_(4)and Ppy@FeOOH were deposited on the laser-engraved interdigital structure ITO NWs electrodes as the positive and negative electrodes,respectively.Beneficial from the hierarchical micro-nano structures of active materials,high conductive electron transport pathways,and charge-balanced asymmetric electrodes,the obtained MSC possesses a high potential window of 2.2 V and a high areal capacitance of 107.3 mF cm^(-2)at 0.2 mA cm^(-2).The insitu XRD,VSM,and ex-situ XPS results reveal that the primary energy storage mechanism of Mg ions in negative FeOOH electrode is Mg ions de-/intercalation and phase transition reaction of FeOOH.Furthermore,the MSC exhibits a high specific energy density of 71.18μWh cm^(-2)at a power density of 0.22 mWh cm^(-2)and capacitance retention of 85%after 5000 cycles with unvaried Coulombic efficiency.These results suggest promising applications of our MSC in miniaturized energy storage devices.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cos...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cost of polyurethane curing barn and traditional bulk curing barn were analyzed and compared. [ Re- suit] The results showed that there were no significant differences in curing performance between two types of curing barns. Horizontal temperature differences in- creased slightly as the temperature rose. Specifically, horizontal temperature differences between each layer ranged from 0.2 ~C to 0.5 ~. Both two types of curing barns exhibited uniform air distribution. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited stable vertical temperature differences. Both two types of curing barns presented good curing effects with slight differences. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited higher economic benefits, lower coal cost, lower electricity cost, lower labor cost and lon- ger service life than traditional bulk curing barn, but its construction cost was higher. [ Conclusion] Polyurethane curing barn exhibits better curing performance with ~ood application prospects.展开更多
Leukocyte transendothelial migration and sequestration are two distinct outcomes following leukocyte adhesion to endotheli- um during ischemia-reperfusion injury, in which platelets may play a pivotal role. In the pre...Leukocyte transendothelial migration and sequestration are two distinct outcomes following leukocyte adhesion to endotheli- um during ischemia-reperfusion injury, in which platelets may play a pivotal role. In the present study, we established an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury and found platelet pre-incubation significantly in- creased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells after hyoxia-reoxygenation （over 67%）. Blockade of endothelial-cell-expressed adhesion molecules inhibited leukocyte direct adhesion to endothelial cells, while platelet-mediated leukocyte adhesion was suppressed by blockade of platelet-expressed adhesion molecules. Further experiments revealed platelets acted as a bridge to mediate leukocyte adhesion, and platelet-mediated adhesion was the predominant pattern in the presence of platelets. However, platelet pre-incubation significantly suppressed leukocyte transendothelial migration after hypoxia-reoxygenation （over 31%）, which could be aggravated by blockade of endothelial-cell-expressed adhesion molecules, but alleviated by blockade of plate- let-expressed adhesion molecules. This would indicate that platelet-mediated adhesion disrupted leukocyte transendothelial migration. An in vivo meseuteric ischemia-reperfusion model demonstrated leukocyte transfusion alone caused mild leukocyte adhesion to reperfused vessels and subsequent leukocyte infiltration, while simultaneous leukocyte and platelet transfusion led to massive leukocyte adhesion and sequestration within reperfused microvessels. Our studies revealed platelets enhanced leu- kocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, but suppressed leukocyte transendothelial migration. Overall, this leads to leukocyte se- questration in hypoxia-reoxygenated microvessels.展开更多
Due to the polarization effects of the Earth’s surface reflection and atmospheric particles’scattering,high-precision retrieval of atmospheric parameters from near-infrared satellite data requires accurate vector at...Due to the polarization effects of the Earth’s surface reflection and atmospheric particles’scattering,high-precision retrieval of atmospheric parameters from near-infrared satellite data requires accurate vector atmospheric radiative transfer simulations.This paper presents a near-infrared vector radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method.This new model utilizes approximate calculations of the atmospheric transmittance,reflection,and solar scattering radiance for a finitely thin atmospheric layer.To verify its accuracy,the results for four typical scenarios(single molecular layer with Rayleigh scattering,single aerosol layer scattering,multi-layer Rayleigh scattering,and true atmospheric with multi-layer molecular absorption,Rayleigh and aerosol scattering)were compared with benchmarks from a well-known model.The comparison revealed an excellent agreement between the results and the reference data,with accuracy within a few thousandths.Besides,to fulfill the retrieval algorithm,a numerical differentiation-based Jacobian calculation method is developed for the atmospheric and surface parameters.This is coupled with the adding and doubling process for the radiative transfer calculation.The Jacobian matrix produced by the new algorithm is evaluated by comparison with that from the perturbation method.The relative Jacobian matrix deviations between the two methods are within a few thousandths for carbon dioxide and less than 1.0×10-3%for aerosol optical depth.The two methods are consistent for surface albedo,with a deviation below 2.03×10-4%.All validation results suggest that the accuracy of the proposed radiative transfer model is suitable for inversion applications.This model exhibits the potential for simulating near-infrared measurements of greenhouse gas monitoring instruments.展开更多
Polymerization-induced self-assembly （PISA） was used to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles via reversible ad- dition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate （BzMA） usi...Polymerization-induced self-assembly （PISA） was used to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles via reversible ad- dition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate （BzMA） using di- block copolymer poly（glycerol monomethacrytate）-block-poly（2-dimethylaminoetbyl methacrylate） （PGMMA- PDMAEMA-CTA） as the macro RAFT agent. The dispersion of polymeric nanoparticles with a final concentration of about 210 mg/g （solid content of 21%） was obtained via this efficient method （PISA）. The resultant polymeric nanoparticles consisting of corona-shell-core three layers with weak polyelectrolyte PDMAEMA as the shell were used as sacrificial template to fabricate TiO2 hollow nanoparticles. The negatively charged titanium precursor was absorbed into the PDMAEMA shell via the electrostatic interaction, and hydrolyzed to form polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. Anatase TiO2 hollow nanoparticles were formed after removing the polymeric templates by calcina- tion at 550 ℃. The experiments of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the resultant anatase TiO2 hollow nanoparticles had high photocatalytic activity and good reusability.展开更多
1 Introduction The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 shifts the focus from managing disasters to reducing risks.Such a shift requires a better understanding of risk in all its dimensions of envir...1 Introduction The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 shifts the focus from managing disasters to reducing risks.Such a shift requires a better understanding of risk in all its dimensions of environment,hazards,exposure,and vulnerability;a disaster risk governance that展开更多
文摘Redundancy control can effectively enhance the stability and robustness of a system.Based on the conventional redundancy control switchover and majority arbitration strategy,this paper introduces the concept of heterogeneity and dynamics,constructs a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy-based microcontroller architecture DHR-MCU,and designs a fixed-leader distributed consensus algorithm that satisfies the program running state control of this architecture.The theoretical analysis and actual measurement of the prototype system prove that this architecture has good anti-attack and self-recovery capabilities under normal functions and performances and meets the general robust features in terms of safety and security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972154)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR5RA244)。
文摘Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their high power density and extended cycling stability.However,relatively low areal energy density still hinders their practical applications.Here,an asymmetric Mg ion MSC with promising high energy density is fabricated.Firstly,indium tin oxide(ITO)NWs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition as the excellent current collector.Subsequently,nanostructured Mn_(3)O_(4)and Ppy@FeOOH were deposited on the laser-engraved interdigital structure ITO NWs electrodes as the positive and negative electrodes,respectively.Beneficial from the hierarchical micro-nano structures of active materials,high conductive electron transport pathways,and charge-balanced asymmetric electrodes,the obtained MSC possesses a high potential window of 2.2 V and a high areal capacitance of 107.3 mF cm^(-2)at 0.2 mA cm^(-2).The insitu XRD,VSM,and ex-situ XPS results reveal that the primary energy storage mechanism of Mg ions in negative FeOOH electrode is Mg ions de-/intercalation and phase transition reaction of FeOOH.Furthermore,the MSC exhibits a high specific energy density of 71.18μWh cm^(-2)at a power density of 0.22 mWh cm^(-2)and capacitance retention of 85%after 5000 cycles with unvaried Coulombic efficiency.These results suggest promising applications of our MSC in miniaturized energy storage devices.
基金Supported by Project of Zunyi Tobacco Company[ZYJ(2014)No.201407]
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cost of polyurethane curing barn and traditional bulk curing barn were analyzed and compared. [ Re- suit] The results showed that there were no significant differences in curing performance between two types of curing barns. Horizontal temperature differences in- creased slightly as the temperature rose. Specifically, horizontal temperature differences between each layer ranged from 0.2 ~C to 0.5 ~. Both two types of curing barns exhibited uniform air distribution. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited stable vertical temperature differences. Both two types of curing barns presented good curing effects with slight differences. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited higher economic benefits, lower coal cost, lower electricity cost, lower labor cost and lon- ger service life than traditional bulk curing barn, but its construction cost was higher. [ Conclusion] Polyurethane curing barn exhibits better curing performance with ~ood application prospects.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(7092093)
文摘Leukocyte transendothelial migration and sequestration are two distinct outcomes following leukocyte adhesion to endotheli- um during ischemia-reperfusion injury, in which platelets may play a pivotal role. In the present study, we established an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury and found platelet pre-incubation significantly in- creased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells after hyoxia-reoxygenation （over 67%）. Blockade of endothelial-cell-expressed adhesion molecules inhibited leukocyte direct adhesion to endothelial cells, while platelet-mediated leukocyte adhesion was suppressed by blockade of platelet-expressed adhesion molecules. Further experiments revealed platelets acted as a bridge to mediate leukocyte adhesion, and platelet-mediated adhesion was the predominant pattern in the presence of platelets. However, platelet pre-incubation significantly suppressed leukocyte transendothelial migration after hypoxia-reoxygenation （over 31%）, which could be aggravated by blockade of endothelial-cell-expressed adhesion molecules, but alleviated by blockade of plate- let-expressed adhesion molecules. This would indicate that platelet-mediated adhesion disrupted leukocyte transendothelial migration. An in vivo meseuteric ischemia-reperfusion model demonstrated leukocyte transfusion alone caused mild leukocyte adhesion to reperfused vessels and subsequent leukocyte infiltration, while simultaneous leukocyte and platelet transfusion led to massive leukocyte adhesion and sequestration within reperfused microvessels. Our studies revealed platelets enhanced leu- kocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, but suppressed leukocyte transendothelial migration. Overall, this leads to leukocyte se- questration in hypoxia-reoxygenated microvessels.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB0504900&2018YFB0504905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41975034)the Special Fund for Scientific Research(Meteorology)in the Public Interest(Grant Nos.GYHY201506022&GYHY201506002)。
文摘Due to the polarization effects of the Earth’s surface reflection and atmospheric particles’scattering,high-precision retrieval of atmospheric parameters from near-infrared satellite data requires accurate vector atmospheric radiative transfer simulations.This paper presents a near-infrared vector radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method.This new model utilizes approximate calculations of the atmospheric transmittance,reflection,and solar scattering radiance for a finitely thin atmospheric layer.To verify its accuracy,the results for four typical scenarios(single molecular layer with Rayleigh scattering,single aerosol layer scattering,multi-layer Rayleigh scattering,and true atmospheric with multi-layer molecular absorption,Rayleigh and aerosol scattering)were compared with benchmarks from a well-known model.The comparison revealed an excellent agreement between the results and the reference data,with accuracy within a few thousandths.Besides,to fulfill the retrieval algorithm,a numerical differentiation-based Jacobian calculation method is developed for the atmospheric and surface parameters.This is coupled with the adding and doubling process for the radiative transfer calculation.The Jacobian matrix produced by the new algorithm is evaluated by comparison with that from the perturbation method.The relative Jacobian matrix deviations between the two methods are within a few thousandths for carbon dioxide and less than 1.0×10-3%for aerosol optical depth.The two methods are consistent for surface albedo,with a deviation below 2.03×10-4%.All validation results suggest that the accuracy of the proposed radiative transfer model is suitable for inversion applications.This model exhibits the potential for simulating near-infrared measurements of greenhouse gas monitoring instruments.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21525420 and 21374107） and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （BH2060000011） is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Polymerization-induced self-assembly （PISA） was used to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles via reversible ad- dition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate （BzMA） using di- block copolymer poly（glycerol monomethacrytate）-block-poly（2-dimethylaminoetbyl methacrylate） （PGMMA- PDMAEMA-CTA） as the macro RAFT agent. The dispersion of polymeric nanoparticles with a final concentration of about 210 mg/g （solid content of 21%） was obtained via this efficient method （PISA）. The resultant polymeric nanoparticles consisting of corona-shell-core three layers with weak polyelectrolyte PDMAEMA as the shell were used as sacrificial template to fabricate TiO2 hollow nanoparticles. The negatively charged titanium precursor was absorbed into the PDMAEMA shell via the electrostatic interaction, and hydrolyzed to form polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. Anatase TiO2 hollow nanoparticles were formed after removing the polymeric templates by calcina- tion at 550 ℃. The experiments of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the resultant anatase TiO2 hollow nanoparticles had high photocatalytic activity and good reusability.
文摘1 Introduction The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 shifts the focus from managing disasters to reducing risks.Such a shift requires a better understanding of risk in all its dimensions of environment,hazards,exposure,and vulnerability;a disaster risk governance that
