Tin-based perovskite solar cells(TPSCs)have received great attention due to their eco-friendly properties and high theoretical efficiencies.However,the fast crystallization feature of tin-based perovskites leads to po...Tin-based perovskite solar cells(TPSCs)have received great attention due to their eco-friendly properties and high theoretical efficiencies.However,the fast crystallization feature of tin-based perovskites leads to poor film quality and limits the corresponding device performance.Herein,a chlorofullerene,C_(60)Cl_(6),with six chlorine attached to the C_(60)cage,is applied to modulate the crystallization process and passivate grain boundary defects of the perovskite film.The chemical interactions between C_(60)Cl_(6)and perovskite components retard the transforming process of precursors to perovskite crystals and obtain a high-quality tin-based perovskite film.It is also revealed that the C_(60)Cl_(6)located at the surfaces and grain boundaries can not only passivate the defects but also offer a role in suturing grain boundaries to suppress the detrimental effects of water and oxygen on perovskite films,especially the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+).As a result,the C_(60)Cl_(6)-based device yields a remarkably improved device efficiency from 10.03%to 13.30%with enhanced stability.This work provides a new strategy to regulate the film quality and stability of TPSCs using functional fullerene materials.展开更多
Objective:To observe the changes of cytokines in serum of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism,and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment of the disease.Methods:The animal models of pulmonary embolism w...Objective:To observe the changes of cytokines in serum of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism,and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment of the disease.Methods:The animal models of pulmonary embolism were established in 26 healthy rabbits by autologous thrombus reinfusion and normal saline injection,and the serum levels of cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,HGF)in the two groups were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β)increased in both groups of rabbits within 1-3 hours of the acute stage of embolism,but the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in experimental group of rabbits with pulmonary embolism caused by thrombosis increased more obviously.There was no significant change in serum HGF of rabbits before and after embolization in group B.The serum HGF content of experimental rabbits at 1 h,3 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after embolization was significantly higher than that before embolization.And in the acute stage of embolism(1-12 hours),it showed a gradual upward trend.Conclusions:The expression level of serum growth factor is different in different acute stages of pulmonary embolism.Detecting serum cytokines in rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism is of great reference significance for improving clinical diagnosis.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902110,U21A2078,and 22179042)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01064 and 2020J06021)Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University,and the Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University(ZQN-806,ZQNPY607)
文摘Tin-based perovskite solar cells(TPSCs)have received great attention due to their eco-friendly properties and high theoretical efficiencies.However,the fast crystallization feature of tin-based perovskites leads to poor film quality and limits the corresponding device performance.Herein,a chlorofullerene,C_(60)Cl_(6),with six chlorine attached to the C_(60)cage,is applied to modulate the crystallization process and passivate grain boundary defects of the perovskite film.The chemical interactions between C_(60)Cl_(6)and perovskite components retard the transforming process of precursors to perovskite crystals and obtain a high-quality tin-based perovskite film.It is also revealed that the C_(60)Cl_(6)located at the surfaces and grain boundaries can not only passivate the defects but also offer a role in suturing grain boundaries to suppress the detrimental effects of water and oxygen on perovskite films,especially the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+).As a result,the C_(60)Cl_(6)-based device yields a remarkably improved device efficiency from 10.03%to 13.30%with enhanced stability.This work provides a new strategy to regulate the film quality and stability of TPSCs using functional fullerene materials.
文摘Objective:To observe the changes of cytokines in serum of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism,and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment of the disease.Methods:The animal models of pulmonary embolism were established in 26 healthy rabbits by autologous thrombus reinfusion and normal saline injection,and the serum levels of cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,HGF)in the two groups were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β)increased in both groups of rabbits within 1-3 hours of the acute stage of embolism,but the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in experimental group of rabbits with pulmonary embolism caused by thrombosis increased more obviously.There was no significant change in serum HGF of rabbits before and after embolization in group B.The serum HGF content of experimental rabbits at 1 h,3 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after embolization was significantly higher than that before embolization.And in the acute stage of embolism(1-12 hours),it showed a gradual upward trend.Conclusions:The expression level of serum growth factor is different in different acute stages of pulmonary embolism.Detecting serum cytokines in rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism is of great reference significance for improving clinical diagnosis.
