Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on...Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.展开更多
Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT gen...Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.展开更多
Channel estimation is a well-known challenge for wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication systems with massive antennas on high speed rails(HSRs).This paper investigates this problem and ...Channel estimation is a well-known challenge for wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication systems with massive antennas on high speed rails(HSRs).This paper investigates this problem and design two practicable uplink and downlink channel estimators for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication systems with massive antenna arrays at base station on HSRs.Specifically,we first use pilots to estimate the initial angle of arrival(AoA)and channel gain information of each uplink path through discrete Fourier transform(DFT),and then refine the estimates via the angle rotation technique and suggested pilot design.Based on the uplink angel estimation,we design a new downlink channel estimator for frequency division duplexing(FDD)systems.Additionally,we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds(CRLBs)of the AoA and channel gain estimates.Finally,numerical results are provided to corroborate our proposed studies.展开更多
The application of ionic liquids in perovskite has attracted wide-spread attention for its astounding performance improvement of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the detailed mechanisms behind the improvement rema...The application of ionic liquids in perovskite has attracted wide-spread attention for its astounding performance improvement of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the detailed mechanisms behind the improvement remain mysterious.Herein,a series of imidazolium-based ionic liquids(IILs)with different cations and anions is systematically investigated to elucidate the passivation mechanism of IILs on inorganic perovskites.It is found that IILs display the following advantages:(1)They form ionic bonds with Cs^(+)and Pb^(2+)cations on the surface and at the grain boundaries of perovskite films,which could effectively heal/reduce the Cs^(+)/I−vacancies and Pb-related defects;(2)They serve as a bridge between the perovskite and the hole-transport-layer for effective charge extraction and transfer;and(3)They increase the hydrophobicity of the perovskite surface to further improve the stability of the CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs.The combination of the above effects results in suppressed non-radiative recombination loss in CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.02%.Additionally,the CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with IILs surface modification exhibited improved ambient and light illumination stability.Our results provide guidance for an indepth understanding of the passivation mechanism of IILs in inorganic perovskites.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the cons...This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.展开更多
The replacement of small cations with bulkier organic cations containing long alkyl chains or benzene rings to form a thin two-dimensional(2D)perovskite passivation layer on three-dimensional(3D)perovskite(2D/3D)has b...The replacement of small cations with bulkier organic cations containing long alkyl chains or benzene rings to form a thin two-dimensional(2D)perovskite passivation layer on three-dimensional(3D)perovskite(2D/3D)has become a promising strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).The 2 D layer defines the interfacial chemistry and physics at the 2D/3D bilayer and endows the 2D/3D structure with better chemical and thermal stability.Herein,2D/3D(CF_(3)-PEA)_(2) FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)Pb_(2)I_(7)/FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)PbI_(3) planar heterojunction perovskite was produced using a facile interfacial ion exchange process.The 2 D(CF_(3)-PEA)_(2) FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)Pb_(2)I_(7) capping layer can not only passivate the FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)PbI_(3) film but also act as super-hydrophobic layer to inhibit water diffusion and significantly enhance the stability.The 2D capping layer can also establish a unique graded band structure at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface and lead to p-type doping for Spiro-OMeTAD layer which is beneficial for efficient charge transport.Optimized PSCs based on this 2D/3D heterojunction yield a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.1%and improved stability.The device maintains 84%output for 2400 h aging under ambient environmental conditions without encapsulation,and maintains 81%for 200 h under illumination with encapsulation.This work will inspire the design of more fluorinated 2D perovskite interfaces for advanced photovoltaics and beyond.展开更多
Passivating undercoordinated ions is an effective way to reduce the defect densities at the surface and grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite materials for enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite so...Passivating undercoordinated ions is an effective way to reduce the defect densities at the surface and grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite materials for enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,(BBF)complex is chosen as a multifunctional additive,which contains both C7H9N and BF3 groups working as Lewis base and Lewis acid,respectively,can bond with Pb^(2+)/I^(−) and FA+on the surface and in the GBs in the perovskite film,affording passivation of both cation and anion defects.The synergistic effect of the C7H9N and BF3 complex slows the crystallization during the perovskite film deposition to improve the crystalline quality,which reduces the trap density and the recombination in the perovskite film to suppress nonradiative recombination loss and minimizes moisture permeation to improve the stability of the perovskite material.Meanwhile,such an additive improves the energy-level alignment between the valence band of the perovskite and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the hole-transporting material,Spiro-OMeTAD.Consequently,our work achieves power conversion efficiency of 23.24%,accompanied by enhanced stability under ambient conditions and light illumination and opens a new avenue for improving the performance of PSCs through the use of a multifunctional complex.展开更多
Recovering waste heat from fuel energy supply is a haunting challenge for greatly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas CO_(2),and achieving sustainable economy.Importantly,a significant amount of energy is dissipa...Recovering waste heat from fuel energy supply is a haunting challenge for greatly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas CO_(2),and achieving sustainable economy.Importantly,a significant amount of energy is dissipated to environment as low-grade heat(below 250~oC),largely produced in transportation and chemical engineering industry.It accounts for~30%of the total global energy products but is much more difficult to recycle than high-grade heat(Figure 1 A)[1].So the reuse of low-grade heat is of great importance for the future energy demands and the issue of climate change[2,3].So far,several technologies have been developed to recover low-grade waste heat,such as organic Rankine cycle,water desalination,piezoelectric,and thermoelectric conversion[4].展开更多
The advancement of contemporary X-ray imaging heavily depends on discovering scintillators that possess high sensitivity,robust stability,low toxicity,and a uniform size distribution.Despite significant progress in th...The advancement of contemporary X-ray imaging heavily depends on discovering scintillators that possess high sensitivity,robust stability,low toxicity,and a uniform size distribution.Despite significant progress in this field,the discovery of a material that satisfies all of these criteria remains a challenge.In this study,we report the synthesis of monodisperse copper(Ⅰ)-iodide cluster microcubes as a new class of X-ray scintillators.The as-prepared microcubes exhibit remarkable sensitivity to X-rays and exceptional stability under moisture and X-ray exposure.The uniform size distribution and high scintillation performance of the copper(Ⅰ)-iodide cluster microcubes make them suitable for the fabrication of large-area,flexible scintillating films for X-ray imaging applications in both static and dynamic settings.展开更多
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is an anaerobic bacterium,which has been found selectively en-riched in the fecal and mucosal microbiota of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Emerging evidence suggest P.anaerobius may contr...Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is an anaerobic bacterium,which has been found selectively en-riched in the fecal and mucosal microbiota of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Emerging evidence suggest P.anaerobius may contribute to the development of CRC in human.In this study,we designed a multi-epitope chimeric vaccine against P.anaerobius PCWBR2,a recently identified adhesin that interacts directly with colon cell lines by bindingα2/β1 integrin frequently overexpressed in human CRC tumors and cell lines.Immunoinformatics tools predicted six cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes,five helper T lymphocyte epitopes,and six linear B lymphocyte epitopes.The predicted epitopes were joined with AAY or GPGPG linkers and a previously reported TLR4 agonist was added to the vaccine construct’s N terminal as an adjuvant using EAAAK linkers and the order of epitopes was optimized.Further in silico analysis revealed that the vaccine construct possesses satisfactory antigenicity,allergenicity,solubility,physicochemical properties,adjuvant-TLR4 molecular docking,and immune profile characteristics.Our study provided a promising design for vaccines against P.anaerobius.展开更多
Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite...Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite-observed GMB annual maximum coverage(AMC)rebounded sharply in 2021 to an unprecedented level.The reasons for this rebound and the significant interannual variability over past 15 years are still open questions.Here,by using long-term time-series(2007-2022)optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite observations(1000+scenes),meteorological data and water quality statistics,the mechanism analysis was performed by exploring effects from natural factors and human activities.Two key determinants for AMC are successfully identified from numerous potential factors which are the macroalgae distribution in a key area(the Subei Shoal)during a critical period(from April to May 20)and the nutrient availability.Furthermore,by using these two parameters,a novel model for AMC prediction(R^(2)=0.87,p<0.01)is proposed and independently validated,which can reasonably explain the significant interannual variability(2014-2021)and agree well with the latest observation in 2022(percentage difference 12%).Finally,suggestions are proposed for future disaster prevention and alleviation.This work may aid future bloom prediction and management measure optimization.展开更多
Diaphragm compressors have become the primary source of on-site hydrogen compression for hydrogen fuelling stations around the world.The most common hydrogen-compressor-failure mechanism has been identified as diaphra...Diaphragm compressors have become the primary source of on-site hydrogen compression for hydrogen fuelling stations around the world.The most common hydrogen-compressor-failure mechanism has been identified as diaphragm fracture due to low ten-sile strength and poor surface properties.In this study,a new type of GH4169 diaphragm with high yield strength and low surface roughness was fabricated.Microstructures,tensile behaviours and surface properties of the specimens were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,an electronic universal testing machine and atomic force microscopy,respectively.The evolution of theandphases with temperature has been examined.Bothandphases were precipitant-strengthened phases for GH4169 and the volume and size ofandphases increase with ageing time.In addition,thephase is the main strengthening phase andis the supportive strengthening phase.Tensile strength was increased due to the strengthening phases at the cost of ductility.The roughness of the diaphragm could reach an arithmetic average roughness(Ra)of 0.1μm by applying a cooling-assisted polishing process.This work improves the reliability and reduces the auxiliary steps and down-time for diaphragm compressors.展开更多
Preparation of non-conjugated luminescent polymers(NCLPs)with excellent cluster luminescence(CL)performance is of great significance for scientific and industrious applications,and yet improving the performance of NCL...Preparation of non-conjugated luminescent polymers(NCLPs)with excellent cluster luminescence(CL)performance is of great significance for scientific and industrious applications,and yet improving the performance of NCLPs through proper structural design is still a huge challenge.Herein,we report a non-conjugated ionized polymeric system consisting of(−)-camphorsulfonic acid((−)-CSA)and poly(2-vinylpyridine)(P2VP).These acid-base complexes exhibit typical excitationdependent fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)with a lifetime up to 364 ms.We discover that changing the stereoregularity from atactic to isotactic significantly improves the CL performance of the complex.It(1)broadens the fluorescence emission spectra to cover the entire visible region,(2)enhances the fluorescence emission intensity at long wavelength beyond 500 nm,(3)enhances the phosphorescence intensity,and(4)extends the phosphorescence lifetime.Systematical experimental characterization and molecular dynamics simulation unravel the key role of stereoregularity in determining the formation of different pyridine aggregates that strongly influence the CL performance.Moreover,the different luminescence shows great potential in excitation divided information display and time-resolved encrypted display.This work not only points to a new direction for developing NCLPs with excellent performance,but also broadens the applications of NCLPs materials.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has become a global disease with accelerating incidence worldwide in the 21st century while its accurate etiology remains unclear.In the past decade,gut microbiota dysbiosis has consiste...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has become a global disease with accelerating incidence worldwide in the 21st century while its accurate etiology remains unclear.In the past decade,gut microbiota dysbiosis has consistently been associated with IBD.Although many IBDassociated dysbiosis have not been proven to be a cause or an effect of IBD,it is often hypothesized that at least some of alteration in microbiome is protective or causative.In this article,we selectively reviewed the hypothesis supported by both association studies in human and pathogenesis studies in biological models.Specifically,we reviewed the potential protective bacterial pathways and species against IBD,as well as the potential causative bacterial pathways and species of IBD.We also reviewed the potential roles of some members of mycobiome and virome in IBD.Lastly,we covered the current status of therapeutic approaches targeting microbiome,which is a promising strategy to alleviate and cure this inflammatory disease.展开更多
Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance,preventing autoimmune responses,and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensi...Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance,preventing autoimmune responses,and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response.Furthermore,immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response.Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies,checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers.In the last few years,extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components,which can act on multiple targets at the same time,resulting in additive or synergistic effects.The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest.For example,Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides can induce anti-PD-1 antibody responses in animals,and these antibodies can overcome the exhaustion of immune cells under tumor immune evasion.Furthermore,many other TCM molecules could also be novel and effective drug candidates for the treatment of cancers.Therefore,it is essential to assess the application of immune checkpoints in the development of new drugs and TCMs.In this review,we focus on research progress in the field of immune checkpoints based on three topics:(1)immune checkpoint targets and pathways,(2)development of novel immune checkpoint-based drugs,and(3)application of immune checkpoints in the development of TCMs.展开更多
Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in patients with or without evidence of multiple myeloma （MM）, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis （AL）, or a related plasma cell p...Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in patients with or without evidence of multiple myeloma （MM）, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis （AL）, or a related plasma cell proliferative disorder. This study aims to evaluate laboratory diagnostic characters of monoclonal gammopathies and investigates the correlation between monoclonal gammopathies and transforming growth factor β1 （TGFβ1）. Immunofixation electrophoresis （IFE）, serum protein electrophoresis （SPE）, nephelometry and urine light chain ELISA were used for laboratory identification of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Plasma TGFβ1 was detected with double-antibodies ELISA. Lightcycler was used for single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） analysis. Totally 2,007 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin （M protein） were identified in 10,682 samples. The isotypes of M protein were IgG type 47.1%, IgA 23.0%, IgM 8.7%, IgD 5.3%, free light chain κ 6.1%, λ 9.8%. In reference to IFE, the coherency of diagnosis was serum light chain ratio （κ/λ） 94.4%, quantitation of Igs 83%, light chain quantitation 80.9%, and urine light chain ratio （κ/λ） 58.0%. Plasma TGFβ1 was elevated significantly compared to normal control. The allelic frequency of codon 10 （C 〉 T） was neither associated with the existence of the M protein nor with the M protein isotype. Monoclonal gammopathies can be identified with the combination of IFE, SPE, Igs quantitaion and urine light chain determination. Although TGFβ1, an important cytokine in immune regulation, was elevated in monoclonal gammopathies, the SNPs in coding region of TGFβ1 gene did not confer susceptibility to the development of monoclonal gammopathies in this study. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（4）： 293-298.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270420,32072220)National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFD1001405)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation(202103021224011)Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi Province“136”Revitalization Medical Project Construction Funds。
文摘Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2016YFE0200900part by Scientific Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education under Grant KM201910853003part by Major projects of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant Z181100003218010
文摘Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.
基金National S&T Project 2018YJS036.This study is supported in part by Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications(BUPT),Ministry of Education,P.R.China(No.KFKT-2018104)by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.61571037,61871026,61961130391,and U1834210)+2 种基金NSFC Outstanding Youth(No.61725101)National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2016YFE0200900the Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship under Grant NA191006.
文摘Channel estimation is a well-known challenge for wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication systems with massive antennas on high speed rails(HSRs).This paper investigates this problem and design two practicable uplink and downlink channel estimators for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication systems with massive antenna arrays at base station on HSRs.Specifically,we first use pilots to estimate the initial angle of arrival(AoA)and channel gain information of each uplink path through discrete Fourier transform(DFT),and then refine the estimates via the angle rotation technique and suggested pilot design.Based on the uplink angel estimation,we design a new downlink channel estimator for frequency division duplexing(FDD)systems.Additionally,we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds(CRLBs)of the AoA and channel gain estimates.Finally,numerical results are provided to corroborate our proposed studies.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074095)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202403)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202002001)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21005)the DNL Cooperation Fund CAS(DNL180311)the support of H2 cluster in Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘The application of ionic liquids in perovskite has attracted wide-spread attention for its astounding performance improvement of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the detailed mechanisms behind the improvement remain mysterious.Herein,a series of imidazolium-based ionic liquids(IILs)with different cations and anions is systematically investigated to elucidate the passivation mechanism of IILs on inorganic perovskites.It is found that IILs display the following advantages:(1)They form ionic bonds with Cs^(+)and Pb^(2+)cations on the surface and at the grain boundaries of perovskite films,which could effectively heal/reduce the Cs^(+)/I−vacancies and Pb-related defects;(2)They serve as a bridge between the perovskite and the hole-transport-layer for effective charge extraction and transfer;and(3)They increase the hydrophobicity of the perovskite surface to further improve the stability of the CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs.The combination of the above effects results in suppressed non-radiative recombination loss in CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.02%.Additionally,the CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with IILs surface modification exhibited improved ambient and light illumination stability.Our results provide guidance for an indepth understanding of the passivation mechanism of IILs in inorganic perovskites.
基金This work is supported by the project of Sichuan county economic development research center of Sichuan provincial key research base of social sciences,"research on the coordination mechanism of county economic,ecological and social coupling development of giant panda national park"(xy2020034)the social science special research project of Sichuan agricultural university"research on innovation of modern urban agricultural development mode"(035/03571600).
文摘This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074095)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202403)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202002001)the 111 Project B(14041)the DNL Cooperation Fund CAS(DNL180311)support of the H2 cluster in Xi’an Jiaotong University。
文摘The replacement of small cations with bulkier organic cations containing long alkyl chains or benzene rings to form a thin two-dimensional(2D)perovskite passivation layer on three-dimensional(3D)perovskite(2D/3D)has become a promising strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).The 2 D layer defines the interfacial chemistry and physics at the 2D/3D bilayer and endows the 2D/3D structure with better chemical and thermal stability.Herein,2D/3D(CF_(3)-PEA)_(2) FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)Pb_(2)I_(7)/FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)PbI_(3) planar heterojunction perovskite was produced using a facile interfacial ion exchange process.The 2 D(CF_(3)-PEA)_(2) FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)Pb_(2)I_(7) capping layer can not only passivate the FA_(0.85)MA_(0.15)PbI_(3) film but also act as super-hydrophobic layer to inhibit water diffusion and significantly enhance the stability.The 2D capping layer can also establish a unique graded band structure at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface and lead to p-type doping for Spiro-OMeTAD layer which is beneficial for efficient charge transport.Optimized PSCs based on this 2D/3D heterojunction yield a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.1%and improved stability.The device maintains 84%output for 2400 h aging under ambient environmental conditions without encapsulation,and maintains 81%for 200 h under illumination with encapsulation.This work will inspire the design of more fluorinated 2D perovskite interfaces for advanced photovoltaics and beyond.
基金The authors acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074095/61704101/91733301)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202403)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities GK(201903048)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21005)the Fundament Research Funds for the Central University(2019TS004)DNL Cooperation Fund CAS(DNL180311).
文摘Passivating undercoordinated ions is an effective way to reduce the defect densities at the surface and grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite materials for enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,(BBF)complex is chosen as a multifunctional additive,which contains both C7H9N and BF3 groups working as Lewis base and Lewis acid,respectively,can bond with Pb^(2+)/I^(−) and FA+on the surface and in the GBs in the perovskite film,affording passivation of both cation and anion defects.The synergistic effect of the C7H9N and BF3 complex slows the crystallization during the perovskite film deposition to improve the crystalline quality,which reduces the trap density and the recombination in the perovskite film to suppress nonradiative recombination loss and minimizes moisture permeation to improve the stability of the perovskite material.Meanwhile,such an additive improves the energy-level alignment between the valence band of the perovskite and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the hole-transporting material,Spiro-OMeTAD.Consequently,our work achieves power conversion efficiency of 23.24%,accompanied by enhanced stability under ambient conditions and light illumination and opens a new avenue for improving the performance of PSCs through the use of a multifunctional complex.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51991343,92365204 and 21975140)
文摘Recovering waste heat from fuel energy supply is a haunting challenge for greatly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas CO_(2),and achieving sustainable economy.Importantly,a significant amount of energy is dissipated to environment as low-grade heat(below 250~oC),largely produced in transportation and chemical engineering industry.It accounts for~30%of the total global energy products but is much more difficult to recycle than high-grade heat(Figure 1 A)[1].So the reuse of low-grade heat is of great importance for the future energy demands and the issue of climate change[2,3].So far,several technologies have been developed to recover low-grade waste heat,such as organic Rankine cycle,water desalination,piezoelectric,and thermoelectric conversion[4].
基金This work is supported by the National Key and Program of China(grant number 2020YFA0709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 22075228 and 62134007)+1 种基金the Joint Research Funds of the Department of Science&Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University(grant number 2020GXLH-Z011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant numbers 0515023GH0202078 and 0515023SH0201078).
文摘The advancement of contemporary X-ray imaging heavily depends on discovering scintillators that possess high sensitivity,robust stability,low toxicity,and a uniform size distribution.Despite significant progress in this field,the discovery of a material that satisfies all of these criteria remains a challenge.In this study,we report the synthesis of monodisperse copper(Ⅰ)-iodide cluster microcubes as a new class of X-ray scintillators.The as-prepared microcubes exhibit remarkable sensitivity to X-rays and exceptional stability under moisture and X-ray exposure.The uniform size distribution and high scintillation performance of the copper(Ⅰ)-iodide cluster microcubes make them suitable for the fabrication of large-area,flexible scintillating films for X-ray imaging applications in both static and dynamic settings.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0907800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32000096)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(KQTD20200820145822023)the Program of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases(ZDSYS20220606100803007)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Program(2120001010795).
文摘Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is an anaerobic bacterium,which has been found selectively en-riched in the fecal and mucosal microbiota of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Emerging evidence suggest P.anaerobius may contribute to the development of CRC in human.In this study,we designed a multi-epitope chimeric vaccine against P.anaerobius PCWBR2,a recently identified adhesin that interacts directly with colon cell lines by bindingα2/β1 integrin frequently overexpressed in human CRC tumors and cell lines.Immunoinformatics tools predicted six cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes,five helper T lymphocyte epitopes,and six linear B lymphocyte epitopes.The predicted epitopes were joined with AAY or GPGPG linkers and a previously reported TLR4 agonist was added to the vaccine construct’s N terminal as an adjuvant using EAAAK linkers and the order of epitopes was optimized.Further in silico analysis revealed that the vaccine construct possesses satisfactory antigenicity,allergenicity,solubility,physicochemical properties,adjuvant-TLR4 molecular docking,and immune profile characteristics.Our study provided a promising design for vaccines against P.anaerobius.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42088101]in part by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)[grant number SML2021SP313]+1 种基金in part by the China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center,China[grant number PI-2022-1]in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University[grant number 23xkjc019].
文摘Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite-observed GMB annual maximum coverage(AMC)rebounded sharply in 2021 to an unprecedented level.The reasons for this rebound and the significant interannual variability over past 15 years are still open questions.Here,by using long-term time-series(2007-2022)optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite observations(1000+scenes),meteorological data and water quality statistics,the mechanism analysis was performed by exploring effects from natural factors and human activities.Two key determinants for AMC are successfully identified from numerous potential factors which are the macroalgae distribution in a key area(the Subei Shoal)during a critical period(from April to May 20)and the nutrient availability.Furthermore,by using these two parameters,a novel model for AMC prediction(R^(2)=0.87,p<0.01)is proposed and independently validated,which can reasonably explain the significant interannual variability(2014-2021)and agree well with the latest observation in 2022(percentage difference 12%).Finally,suggestions are proposed for future disaster prevention and alleviation.This work may aid future bloom prediction and management measure optimization.
文摘Diaphragm compressors have become the primary source of on-site hydrogen compression for hydrogen fuelling stations around the world.The most common hydrogen-compressor-failure mechanism has been identified as diaphragm fracture due to low ten-sile strength and poor surface properties.In this study,a new type of GH4169 diaphragm with high yield strength and low surface roughness was fabricated.Microstructures,tensile behaviours and surface properties of the specimens were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,an electronic universal testing machine and atomic force microscopy,respectively.The evolution of theandphases with temperature has been examined.Bothandphases were precipitant-strengthened phases for GH4169 and the volume and size ofandphases increase with ageing time.In addition,thephase is the main strengthening phase andis the supportive strengthening phase.Tensile strength was increased due to the strengthening phases at the cost of ductility.The roughness of the diaphragm could reach an arithmetic average roughness(Ra)of 0.1μm by applying a cooling-assisted polishing process.This work improves the reliability and reduces the auxiliary steps and down-time for diaphragm compressors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51833001,51921002。
文摘Preparation of non-conjugated luminescent polymers(NCLPs)with excellent cluster luminescence(CL)performance is of great significance for scientific and industrious applications,and yet improving the performance of NCLPs through proper structural design is still a huge challenge.Herein,we report a non-conjugated ionized polymeric system consisting of(−)-camphorsulfonic acid((−)-CSA)and poly(2-vinylpyridine)(P2VP).These acid-base complexes exhibit typical excitationdependent fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)with a lifetime up to 364 ms.We discover that changing the stereoregularity from atactic to isotactic significantly improves the CL performance of the complex.It(1)broadens the fluorescence emission spectra to cover the entire visible region,(2)enhances the fluorescence emission intensity at long wavelength beyond 500 nm,(3)enhances the phosphorescence intensity,and(4)extends the phosphorescence lifetime.Systematical experimental characterization and molecular dynamics simulation unravel the key role of stereoregularity in determining the formation of different pyridine aggregates that strongly influence the CL performance.Moreover,the different luminescence shows great potential in excitation divided information display and time-resolved encrypted display.This work not only points to a new direction for developing NCLPs with excellent performance,but also broadens the applications of NCLPs materials.
基金This work has been supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1308800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19ykzd33,Sun Yat-sen University)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31900056).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has become a global disease with accelerating incidence worldwide in the 21st century while its accurate etiology remains unclear.In the past decade,gut microbiota dysbiosis has consistently been associated with IBD.Although many IBDassociated dysbiosis have not been proven to be a cause or an effect of IBD,it is often hypothesized that at least some of alteration in microbiome is protective or causative.In this article,we selectively reviewed the hypothesis supported by both association studies in human and pathogenesis studies in biological models.Specifically,we reviewed the potential protective bacterial pathways and species against IBD,as well as the potential causative bacterial pathways and species of IBD.We also reviewed the potential roles of some members of mycobiome and virome in IBD.Lastly,we covered the current status of therapeutic approaches targeting microbiome,which is a promising strategy to alleviate and cure this inflammatory disease.
基金partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Projects(No.81430096,China)National New Drug Innovation(No.2017ZX09301062,China)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.19YFSLQY00110,China)。
文摘Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance,preventing autoimmune responses,and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response.Furthermore,immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response.Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies,checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers.In the last few years,extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components,which can act on multiple targets at the same time,resulting in additive or synergistic effects.The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest.For example,Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides can induce anti-PD-1 antibody responses in animals,and these antibodies can overcome the exhaustion of immune cells under tumor immune evasion.Furthermore,many other TCM molecules could also be novel and effective drug candidates for the treatment of cancers.Therefore,it is essential to assess the application of immune checkpoints in the development of new drugs and TCMs.In this review,we focus on research progress in the field of immune checkpoints based on three topics:(1)immune checkpoint targets and pathways,(2)development of novel immune checkpoint-based drugs,and(3)application of immune checkpoints in the development of TCMs.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China No.30270605.
文摘Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in patients with or without evidence of multiple myeloma （MM）, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis （AL）, or a related plasma cell proliferative disorder. This study aims to evaluate laboratory diagnostic characters of monoclonal gammopathies and investigates the correlation between monoclonal gammopathies and transforming growth factor β1 （TGFβ1）. Immunofixation electrophoresis （IFE）, serum protein electrophoresis （SPE）, nephelometry and urine light chain ELISA were used for laboratory identification of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Plasma TGFβ1 was detected with double-antibodies ELISA. Lightcycler was used for single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） analysis. Totally 2,007 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin （M protein） were identified in 10,682 samples. The isotypes of M protein were IgG type 47.1%, IgA 23.0%, IgM 8.7%, IgD 5.3%, free light chain κ 6.1%, λ 9.8%. In reference to IFE, the coherency of diagnosis was serum light chain ratio （κ/λ） 94.4%, quantitation of Igs 83%, light chain quantitation 80.9%, and urine light chain ratio （κ/λ） 58.0%. Plasma TGFβ1 was elevated significantly compared to normal control. The allelic frequency of codon 10 （C 〉 T） was neither associated with the existence of the M protein nor with the M protein isotype. Monoclonal gammopathies can be identified with the combination of IFE, SPE, Igs quantitaion and urine light chain determination. Although TGFβ1, an important cytokine in immune regulation, was elevated in monoclonal gammopathies, the SNPs in coding region of TGFβ1 gene did not confer susceptibility to the development of monoclonal gammopathies in this study. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（4）： 293-298.
