Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is associated with poor prognosis and fluctuations in immune status.Although studies have found that secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)is involved in HCC progression,its independent prognosti...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is associated with poor prognosis and fluctuations in immune status.Although studies have found that secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)is involved in HCC progression,its independent prognostic value and immune-mediated role remain unclear.Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data,we found that low expression of SPP1 is significantly associated with improved survival of HCC patients and that SPP1 expression is correlated with clinical characteristics.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression confirmed that SPP1 is an independent prognostic factor of HCC.Subsequently,we found that T cell CD4 memory-activated monocytes,M0 macrophages,and resting mast cells showed significant differences in penetration in the high and low SPP1 expression groups.Next,we used the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network and Least Absolute Shrinkage Sum Selection Operator algorithms to construct a risk score for the 9-immune-related genes signature.The risk score showed a good ability to identify high and low-risk patients and improved survival prediction.We also used multivariate Cox regression to validate that risk score was significantly correlated with SPP1 and overall survival.Lastly,the Back-Propagation Neural Network confirmed the reliability of the results of multiple algorithms.In conclusion,the findings suggest that SPP1 is an independent marker of HCC survival and immunotherapy.展开更多
The current adversarial attacks against deep learning models have achieved incredible success in the white-box scenario.However,they often exhibit weak transferability in the black-box scenario,especially when attacki...The current adversarial attacks against deep learning models have achieved incredible success in the white-box scenario.However,they often exhibit weak transferability in the black-box scenario,especially when attacking those with defense mechanisms.In this work,we propose a new transfer-based blackbox attack called the channel decomposition attack method(CDAM).It can attack multiple black-box models by enhancing the transferability of the adversarial examples.On the one hand,it tunes the gradient and stabilizes the update direction by decomposing the channels of the input example and calculating the aggregate gradient.On the other hand,it helps to escape from local optima by initializing the data point with random noise.Besides,it could combine with other transfer-based attacks flexibly.Extensive experiments on the standard ImageNet dataset show that our method could significantly improve the transferability of adversarial attacks.Compared with the state-of-the-art method,our approach improves the average success rate from 88.2%to 96.6%when attacking three adversarially trained black-box models,demonstrating the remaining shortcomings of existing deep learning models.展开更多
TIME,Immunity,Prognosis,BioinformaticsThis study used transcriptome and epigenetic data to predict the prognosis of immune-related genes(IRGs)Apelin(APLN)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The TCGA databas...TIME,Immunity,Prognosis,BioinformaticsThis study used transcriptome and epigenetic data to predict the prognosis of immune-related genes(IRGs)Apelin(APLN)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The TCGA database has gene expression and clinical data for HCC.And DNA methylation 450 k data for HCC was download from the University of California Santa Cruz(UCSC)Xena browser.Performing clinical and prognostic analysis of APLN expression,results show that APLN is highly expressed in tumor samples.And it has an increasing trend with the development of clinical stage and T stage.To explore the prognostic role of APLN,the Immune-related DNA methylation(DNAm)sites associated with APLN analyzed by bioinformatics.Univariate COX screened the methylation sites that are related to both APLN and survival.The risk score related to methylation site signature was determined according to their least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)coefficients.Then the patients were divided into high-risk groups and low-risk groups.Significant differences in overall survival(OS)were found in the training cohort.Nomogram shows that APLN or methylation signature can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients.In summary,APLN may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC.展开更多
To the Editor:Acute lobar nephronia(ALN),also known as acute focal bacterial nephritis,is a severe form of upper urinary tract infection(UTI)that is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory mass lesion in the ...To the Editor:Acute lobar nephronia(ALN),also known as acute focal bacterial nephritis,is a severe form of upper urinary tract infection(UTI)that is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory mass lesion in the kidney without abscess formation.It is considered to be the midpoint between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess.^([1])ALN was first described in 1979 as a radiologic diagnosis in ten adults and two children.^([2])展开更多
基金supported by Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory Opening Project of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University(2022KFH010).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is associated with poor prognosis and fluctuations in immune status.Although studies have found that secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)is involved in HCC progression,its independent prognostic value and immune-mediated role remain unclear.Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data,we found that low expression of SPP1 is significantly associated with improved survival of HCC patients and that SPP1 expression is correlated with clinical characteristics.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression confirmed that SPP1 is an independent prognostic factor of HCC.Subsequently,we found that T cell CD4 memory-activated monocytes,M0 macrophages,and resting mast cells showed significant differences in penetration in the high and low SPP1 expression groups.Next,we used the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network and Least Absolute Shrinkage Sum Selection Operator algorithms to construct a risk score for the 9-immune-related genes signature.The risk score showed a good ability to identify high and low-risk patients and improved survival prediction.We also used multivariate Cox regression to validate that risk score was significantly correlated with SPP1 and overall survival.Lastly,the Back-Propagation Neural Network confirmed the reliability of the results of multiple algorithms.In conclusion,the findings suggest that SPP1 is an independent marker of HCC survival and immunotherapy.
基金This work was supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[No.2022YFG0315,2022YFG0174]Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Institute stability support project of China Aero Engine Group Co.,Ltd.[GJCZ-2019-71]Key project of Chengdu[No.2019-YF09-00044-CG].
文摘The current adversarial attacks against deep learning models have achieved incredible success in the white-box scenario.However,they often exhibit weak transferability in the black-box scenario,especially when attacking those with defense mechanisms.In this work,we propose a new transfer-based blackbox attack called the channel decomposition attack method(CDAM).It can attack multiple black-box models by enhancing the transferability of the adversarial examples.On the one hand,it tunes the gradient and stabilizes the update direction by decomposing the channels of the input example and calculating the aggregate gradient.On the other hand,it helps to escape from local optima by initializing the data point with random noise.Besides,it could combine with other transfer-based attacks flexibly.Extensive experiments on the standard ImageNet dataset show that our method could significantly improve the transferability of adversarial attacks.Compared with the state-of-the-art method,our approach improves the average success rate from 88.2%to 96.6%when attacking three adversarially trained black-box models,demonstrating the remaining shortcomings of existing deep learning models.
基金This work was supported by the Fund of Biosecurity Specialized Project of PLA(No.19SWAQ18).
文摘TIME,Immunity,Prognosis,BioinformaticsThis study used transcriptome and epigenetic data to predict the prognosis of immune-related genes(IRGs)Apelin(APLN)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The TCGA database has gene expression and clinical data for HCC.And DNA methylation 450 k data for HCC was download from the University of California Santa Cruz(UCSC)Xena browser.Performing clinical and prognostic analysis of APLN expression,results show that APLN is highly expressed in tumor samples.And it has an increasing trend with the development of clinical stage and T stage.To explore the prognostic role of APLN,the Immune-related DNA methylation(DNAm)sites associated with APLN analyzed by bioinformatics.Univariate COX screened the methylation sites that are related to both APLN and survival.The risk score related to methylation site signature was determined according to their least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)coefficients.Then the patients were divided into high-risk groups and low-risk groups.Significant differences in overall survival(OS)were found in the training cohort.Nomogram shows that APLN or methylation signature can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients.In summary,APLN may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070770)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515010674)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.201803010109)the President Funding of Nanfang Hospital(Nos.2018B009 and 2018C003)the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(Nos.X202012121239,202012121046)。
文摘To the Editor:Acute lobar nephronia(ALN),also known as acute focal bacterial nephritis,is a severe form of upper urinary tract infection(UTI)that is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory mass lesion in the kidney without abscess formation.It is considered to be the midpoint between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess.^([1])ALN was first described in 1979 as a radiologic diagnosis in ten adults and two children.^([2])
