Immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatments for multiple tumor types.The significant clinical benefits and durable responses of immunotherapy have led to the emergence of various immune-related clinical resp...Immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatments for multiple tumor types.The significant clinical benefits and durable responses of immunotherapy have led to the emergence of various immune-related clinical response patterns that extend beyond those achieved with cytotoxic agents.Various studies investigated the efficacy of immunotherapy,including the effect on tumor size,long-term survival benefits,and the ability to overcome the particularly challenging survival curves tailing phenomenon.The current immune-related methods guidelines,such as immune-related Response Criteria(irRC),immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(irRECIST),immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(iRECIST),and immune-modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(imRECIST),could be well-adapted to identify the heterogeneity of responses that appear in patients receiving immunotherapy,such as pseudoprogression(PsPD)and hyperprogressive disease(HPD),and to some extent to overcome the limitation of evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy on tumor size by imaging.Additionally,a second type of evaluation method was proposed based on survival,which includes milestone analysis and restricted mean survival time.Currently,milestone analysis is a complementary tool to summarize and interpret trial results along with more conventional measures of survival and other less established metrics.A golden standard evaluation method to distinguish the efficacy of immunotherapy may improve the process of imaging and aid survival-based efficacy evaluation in patients with solid tumors.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),a type of immunotherapy,have become one of the most important therapeutic options for first-and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Recent clinical st...Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),a type of immunotherapy,have become one of the most important therapeutic options for first-and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Recent clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy can offer substantial survival benefits to patients with early-stage or resectable advanced NSCLC.However,considering the importance of timing when using ICIs and their associated adverse events(AEs),the advantages and disadvantages of using these agents need to be weighed carefully when deciding the use of a combined treatment.In addition,the inconsistency between imaging assessment and pathological results poses further challenges to the evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.It is also important to develop new methodologies and discover suitable biomarkers that can be used to evaluate survival outcomes of immunotherapy and identify patients who would benefit the most from this treatment.In this review,we aimed to summarize previous results of ongoing clinical trials on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer and discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this therapeutic approach in the treatment of resectable NSCLC.展开更多
The COVID-19 has resulted in catastrophic situation and the deaths of millions of people all over the world.In this paper,the predictions of epidemiological propagation models,such as SIR and SEIR,are introduced to an...The COVID-19 has resulted in catastrophic situation and the deaths of millions of people all over the world.In this paper,the predictions of epidemiological propagation models,such as SIR and SEIR,are introduced to analyze the earlier COVID-19 propagation.The deep learning methods combined with transfer learning are familiar with classification-detection approaches based on chest X-ray and CT images are presented in detail.Besides,deep learning approaches have also been applied to lung ultrasound(LUS),which has been shown to be more sensitive than chest X-ray and CT images in detecting COVID-19.In the absence of a vaccine,the machine learning-related approaches are applied to analyze vaccine candidates in the realm of biology and medicine.The telehealth system played a major role in combating the pandemic from all aspects and reducing contact with patients during this period.Natural language processing-related methods are utilized to analyze tweets related to the COVID-19 epidemic on social media,and further analyze public sentiment and subject modeling,so as to arrange corresponding measures to appease public sentiment.In particular,this survey is to summarize and analyze the contributions made in various fields during the COVID-19 pandemic by considering both the contribution of deep learning in chest X-ray and CT images,as well as the application of the latest LUS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Telehealth and the importance of public sentiment analysis during a pandemic were also described in detail.展开更多
Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a highly heterogeneous class of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells and peptidergic neurons.After failure of first-line treatment,patients have poor prognosis and limited treatme...Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a highly heterogeneous class of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells and peptidergic neurons.After failure of first-line treatment,patients have poor prognosis and limited treatment options.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)may be a powerful means of increasing therapeutic efficacy for such patients,but ICIs alone have low response rates and short disease control durations in most NENs and may be effective for only a portion of the population.ICIs combined with other immunotherapies,targeted therapies,or cytotoxic drugs have achieved some efficacy in patients with NENs and are worthy of further exploration to assess their benefits to the population.In addition,accumulating experimental and clinical evidence supports that the interaction between neuroendocrine and immune systems is essential to maintain homeostasis,and assessment of this broad neuroendocrine-immune correlation is essential for NEN treatment.In this review,we summarize the immune microenvironment characteristics,advances in immunotherapy,predictive biomarkers of ICI efficacy for NENs,and the effects of common endocrine hormones on the immune system,highlighting possible new application areas for this promising treatment in neglected NENs.展开更多
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a highly malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis;therefore,more effective treatments are urgently needed for patients afflicted with the disease.In recent years,emerging molecular cla...Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a highly malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis;therefore,more effective treatments are urgently needed for patients afflicted with the disease.In recent years,emerging molecular classifications based on key transcription factors of SCLC have provided more information on the tumor pathophysiology,metastasis,immune microenvironment,and acquired therapeutic resistance and reflected the intertumoral heterogeneity of the various SCLC phenotypes.Additionally,advances in genomics and single-cell sequencing analysis have further revealed the high intratumoral heterogeneity and plasticity of the disease.Herein,we review and summarize these recent lines of evidence and discuss the possible pathogenesis of SCLC.展开更多
By anchoring Tb^(3+)ions on its free carboxyl groups of the nanocaged NiMOF,a dual-emission self-calibrating sensor of Tb^(3+)@NiMOF was fabricated through coordination post-synthetic modification(PSM)strategy.With Tb...By anchoring Tb^(3+)ions on its free carboxyl groups of the nanocaged NiMOF,a dual-emission self-calibrating sensor of Tb^(3+)@NiMOF was fabricated through coordination post-synthetic modification(PSM)strategy.With Tb^(3+)ions as the secondary fluorescent signal and sensing active sites,Tb^(3+)@NiMOF presents great potentials in visually and efficiently monitoring EPI in serum,with high sensitivity and selectivity,fast response,excellent recyclable,and the low detection limit(LOD,3.06 ng/mL).Furthermore,a tandem combinational logic gate based intelligent detection system was constructed to improve the practicability and convenience of epinephrine(EPI)detection in serum by comparing the light emitted colour with the series standard colour cards preset in the smartphone.This work provides a promising approach of developing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)based self-calibrating sensors for intelligent detection of bioactive molecules.展开更多
The application of non-noble metal catalysts in the catalytic direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene with H2and O2to produce propylene oxide is valuable and challenging. The introduction of alkali metal promoters i...The application of non-noble metal catalysts in the catalytic direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene with H2and O2to produce propylene oxide is valuable and challenging. The introduction of alkali metal promoters is one of the effective methods to improve the catalytic activity of catalysts. Herein, a series of alkali metal(Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs)-promoted Ni/TS-1 catalysts were prepared to deeply understand the effect of alkali metals on the structure-activity relationship for gas-phase epoxidation of propylene. Among them, the Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity(propylene conversion of 7.35% and PO formation rate of 157.9 g h^(-1)kg_(cat)^(-1)) and the best stability(long-term stability exceeding 140 h at 200 ℃). X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the electronic structure of Ni can be tuned by the addition of alkali metal promoters.NH3-TPD-MS, CO_(2)-TPD-MS, and C_(3)H_(6)-TPD-MS results indicate that the acidity of the catalyst can also be adjusted by the introduction of alkali metal, whereas the Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst exhibits the strongest C_(3)H_(6) adsorption capacity. Thus, the suitable acid-base properties, unique electronic properties of Ni species, and the strongest propylene adsorption capacity resulted in improved propylene gas-phase epoxidation activity of Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst. This study not only provides a new strategy for the practical application of nickel-based catalysts in the gas-phase epoxidation of propylene but also provides insights into the promoting effect of alkali metals.展开更多
Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to considerable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought r...Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to considerable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought resistance, delayed senescence, and yield improvement based on the analysis of hormones homeostasis obtained by applying chemical control substances. Experiments were conducted with two genotypes of wheat. Four water irrigation treatments were applied to impose the water deficit, including well-watered control treatment(WW), mild water deficit(MiWD), moderate water deficit(MoWD), and severe water deficit(SWD). Exogenous abscisic acid(ABA) was sprayed on the plants at the anthesis stage of the wheat. As a result, exogenous ABA reduced initial senescence rate(r0), total duration of chlorophyll(Chltotal), rapid senescence phase(Chlloss), and the accumulated temperature at an inflection point(M) but improved the persistence phase(Chlper) of flag leaves under all of the four treatments. However, exogenous ABA produced inconsistent effects on photoassimilate relocation and grain weight under different treatments. It produced positive regulatory effects on grain weight under WW, MiWD, and MoWD treatments. On the one hand, spraying ABA during the persistence phase of flag leaves reduced the ratios of zeatin to gibberellin(Z/GA3), spermine to spermidine(Spm/Spd), and salicylic acid to ABA(SA/ABA),which prolonged active photosynthesis by stimulating high level of proline(Pro) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase(APX). Therefore, drought tolerance was enhanced, and more photosynthetic assimilates were accumulated. On the other hand, the rapid senescence phase and the transport rate of assimilates into grains were accelerated, resulting in higher grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency(WUE). However, under SWD treatment, exogenous ABA improved the ratio of SA/ABA, leading to low Pro content and low antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaves in the rapid loss phase. Meanwhile,drought resistance declined and the transport duration of assimilates into grains was shortened, thus making photosynthetic assimilates redundant. Therefore, exogenous ABA can lead to the reduction in grain weight, yield, and WUE of wheat under SWD treatment.展开更多
Premature senescence after anthesis reduces crop yields.Delaying leaf senescence could maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period and lead to a higher photosynthetic rate.Recent studies have provided some in...Premature senescence after anthesis reduces crop yields.Delaying leaf senescence could maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period and lead to a higher photosynthetic rate.Recent studies have provided some insights into the interaction between cytokinin and nitrogen(N)in the regulation of plant development.In the present study,foliar application of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)and lovastatin,an inhibitor of cytokinin synthesis,was combined with three N rates[0 kg ha^(-1)(low nitrogen,LN),240 kg ha^(-1)(normal nitrogen,NN),and 360 kg ha^(-1)(high nitrogen,HN)]in two wheat cultivars,Wennong 6(with a staygreen phenotype)and Jimai 20(with a non-staygreen phenotype).Flag leaf senescence was assessed using a Gompertz growth curve.Grain mass,dry matter accumulation and distribution,total N of flag leaf,and concentrations of zeatin riboside(ZR)and abscisic acid(ABA)were also used to evaluate the functional characteristics of flag leaves.Grain mass was negatively correlated with initial senescence rate(r_0)and duration of rapid chlorophyll loss(Chl_(loss)),whereas it was positively correlated with maximum senescence rate(r_(max)),average senescence rate(r_(aver)),persistence phase(Chl_(per)),total duration of flag leaf(Chl_(total))and inflection point cumulative temperature(M).Compared to Jimai 20,Wennong 6 had larger r_(aver),Chl_(per),and Chl_(total).The concentration of ZR was highest under the 6-BA×NN treatment,followed by the 6-BA×HN and 6-BA×LN treatments.However,the concentration of ABA showed the opposite trend.It was concluded that the staygreen phenotype Wennong 6 was associated with greater grain mass and altered cytokinin metabolism and could be classified as a functional staygreen type.Foliar application of 6-BA interacting with N at the NN level(240 kg ha^(-1))may be a beneficial strategy for improving grain yield of wheat by regulating endogenous hormones and the flag leaf senescence process.Increasing endogenous cytokinin promoted the transport of dry matter to grain.展开更多
1.The object-to-human transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 At the time of writing,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has been a global pa...1.The object-to-human transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 At the time of writing,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has been a global pandemic for more than a year.As of 22 September 2021,the global cumulative incidence exceeds 229 million cases,and the number of deaths has exceeded 4.75 million[1].The current situation of epidemic prevention and control within the countries around the world can be roughly divided into two stages:the pandemic stage that the United States,the United Kingdom,and India are still experiencing(as of 23 September 2021,newly reported cases in the last 24 h in the United States,United Kingdom,and India are 202840,31095,and 26964,respectively[1]);and the normalized epidemic pre-vention and control stage that countries such as China and New Zealand are currently in.展开更多
Curative therapy was not previously available for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC);thus,the concept of minimal/measurable(or molecular)residual disease(MRD)was not applicable to these patients....Curative therapy was not previously available for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC);thus,the concept of minimal/measurable(or molecular)residual disease(MRD)was not applicable to these patients.However,advances in targeted and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with advanced NSCLC,with emerging evidence of long-term survival and even the hope of complete remission(CR)by imaging examination.The latest research shows that patients with oligometastatic lung cancer can benefit from local treatment.After removing the lesions,the choice of follow-up therapy and monitoring of the lesions could remain uncertain.MRD plays a role in identifying early-stage NSCLC patients with high risks of recurrence and determining adjuvant therapy after radical treatment.In recent years,evidence has been accumulating regarding the use of circulating cell-free tumor DNA(ctDNA)to assess MRD in solid tumors.This study discussed the possible applications of ctDNA-based MRD monitoring in advanced NSCLC and described the current challenges and unresolved problems in the application of MRD in advanced NSCLC.展开更多
[Objectives] To explore the protective effect and possible mechanisms of the coenzyme Q10( CoQ 10) on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell( HUVEC) injury induced by the oxidized low-density lipoprotein( ox-LDL). ...[Objectives] To explore the protective effect and possible mechanisms of the coenzyme Q10( CoQ 10) on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell( HUVEC) injury induced by the oxidized low-density lipoprotein( ox-LDL). [Methods]With the human umbilical vein endothelial cells( HUVECs) cultured in vitro as the test target,the HUVECs were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group; model group; low concentration CoQ10 group( 12. 5); medium concentration CoQ10 group( 25); high concentration CoQ10 group( 50). The CCK-8 method was used to test the cell viability,and the drug concentration was screened in 60 μM of CoQ 10 toxic concentration; the total protein was extracted and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of c-fos,c-jun and PON2; the RT-PCR method was used for determination of the content of c-fos,c-jun and PON2 mRNA. [Results]Compared with the normal group,the cell viability was significantly reduced in the 35 μg/m L high ox-LDL model group,and the cell injury was induced; compared with model group,after 12 h pre-protection,12. 5 μM,25 μM,50 μM CoQ10 could all significantly improve the survival of injured cells( P < 0. 05); compared with the normal group;the protein and mRNA levels of c-fos,c-jun,PON2 in the model group all declined; compared with the model group,the protein level and mRNA expression of c-fos,c-jun,PON2 in different CoQ10 groups increased to varying degrees( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] CoQ 10 could reduce the HUVEC injury induced by high ox-LDL,and possible mechanism was achieved by upregulating the expression of AP-1 and PON2.展开更多
The first exothermic peak of cement-based material occurs a few minutes after mixing,and the properties of three dimensional(3D)printed concrete,such as setting time,are very sensitive to this.Against this background,...The first exothermic peak of cement-based material occurs a few minutes after mixing,and the properties of three dimensional(3D)printed concrete,such as setting time,are very sensitive to this.Against this background,based on the classical Park cement exothermic model of hydration,we propose and construct a numerical model of the first exothermic peak,taking into account the proportions of C_(3)S,C_(3)A and quicklime in particular.The calculated parameters are calibrated by means of relevant published exothermic test data.It is found that this developed model offers a good simulation of the first exothermic peak of hydration for C_(3)S and C_(3)A proportions from 0 to 100% of cement clinker and reflects the effect of quicklime content at 8%-10%.The unique value of this research is provision of an important computational tool for applications that are sensitive to the first exothermic peak of hydration,such as 3D printing.展开更多
Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are common oncogenic driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The application of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)is beneficial for patien...Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are common oncogenic driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The application of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)is beneficial for patients with advanced and early-stage NSCLC.With the development of next-generation sequencing technology,numerous patients have been found to have more than one genetic mutation in addition to a single EGFR mutation;however,the efficacy of conventional EGFR-TKIs and the optimal treatments for such patients remain largely unknown.Thus,we review the incidence,prognosis,and current treatment regimens of EGFR compound mutations and EGFR concomitant mutations to provide treatment recommendations and guidance for patients with these mutations.展开更多
Brain metastases are the most common central nervous system malignancies in adults.The popular view is that due to the existence of the blood–brain barrier,whether there are immune cells in the central nervous system...Brain metastases are the most common central nervous system malignancies in adults.The popular view is that due to the existence of the blood–brain barrier,whether there are immune cells in the central nervous system has always been controversial.Current research shows that immune cells do exist in the central nervous system and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of brain metastasis.The central nervous system has a unique immune microenvironment,and the study of its mechanism is of great significance for the prediction and treatment of brain metastases.This article aims to discuss the components of the brain tumor microenvironment(TME)and immune mechanism of tumor brain metastasis,in the hopes of making better treatment through combination therapy.展开更多
The Hermyingyi W-Sn deposit, situated in southern Myanmar, SE Asia, is a typical quartz-vein type W-Sn deposit. The ore-bearing quartz veins are mainly hosted by the Hermyingyi monzogranite which intruded into the Car...The Hermyingyi W-Sn deposit, situated in southern Myanmar, SE Asia, is a typical quartz-vein type W-Sn deposit. The ore-bearing quartz veins are mainly hosted by the Hermyingyi monzogranite which intruded into the Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks of Mergui Series. According to mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships, four ore-forming stages are recognized:(1) silicate-oxide stage;(2) quartz-sulfide stage;(3) barren quartz vein stage;(4) supergene stage. Five molybdenite samples from the deposit yield Re-Os model ages ranging from 67.8±1.6 to 69.2±1.6 Ma(weighted mean age of 68.7±1.2 Ma), and a well-defined isochron age of 68.4±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.18, 2σ). This Re-Os age is consistent with the previously published zircon U-Pb age of the Hermyingyi monzogranite(70.0±0.4 Ma)(MSWD=0.9, 2σ) within errors, which indicates a genetic link between the monzogranitic magmatism and W-Sn mineralization. The new high-precision geochronological data reveal that the granitic magmatism and associated W-Sn mineralization in southern Myanmar took place during the Late Cretaceous(70–68 Ma). The extremely low Re contents(22.9 ppb to 299 ppb) in molybdenite, coupled with sulfide δ^(34)S values in the range of +1.9‰ to +5.6‰ suggest that ore-forming metals were predominately sourced from the crustal-derived granitic magma.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC1303804)the Key Laboratory Construction Project of Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (No. 20170622011JC)+1 种基金the Special Project of Development and Reform Commission in Jilin Province (No. 2017C022)the Special Project of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (No. ZX-07-C2016004)
文摘Immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatments for multiple tumor types.The significant clinical benefits and durable responses of immunotherapy have led to the emergence of various immune-related clinical response patterns that extend beyond those achieved with cytotoxic agents.Various studies investigated the efficacy of immunotherapy,including the effect on tumor size,long-term survival benefits,and the ability to overcome the particularly challenging survival curves tailing phenomenon.The current immune-related methods guidelines,such as immune-related Response Criteria(irRC),immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(irRECIST),immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(iRECIST),and immune-modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(imRECIST),could be well-adapted to identify the heterogeneity of responses that appear in patients receiving immunotherapy,such as pseudoprogression(PsPD)and hyperprogressive disease(HPD),and to some extent to overcome the limitation of evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy on tumor size by imaging.Additionally,a second type of evaluation method was proposed based on survival,which includes milestone analysis and restricted mean survival time.Currently,milestone analysis is a complementary tool to summarize and interpret trial results along with more conventional measures of survival and other less established metrics.A golden standard evaluation method to distinguish the efficacy of immunotherapy may improve the process of imaging and aid survival-based efficacy evaluation in patients with solid tumors.
基金supported by Nation Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1303800)Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(CN)(No.20190303146SF)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874052)。
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),a type of immunotherapy,have become one of the most important therapeutic options for first-and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Recent clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy can offer substantial survival benefits to patients with early-stage or resectable advanced NSCLC.However,considering the importance of timing when using ICIs and their associated adverse events(AEs),the advantages and disadvantages of using these agents need to be weighed carefully when deciding the use of a combined treatment.In addition,the inconsistency between imaging assessment and pathological results poses further challenges to the evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.It is also important to develop new methodologies and discover suitable biomarkers that can be used to evaluate survival outcomes of immunotherapy and identify patients who would benefit the most from this treatment.In this review,we aimed to summarize previous results of ongoing clinical trials on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer and discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this therapeutic approach in the treatment of resectable NSCLC.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61902158,61806087).
文摘The COVID-19 has resulted in catastrophic situation and the deaths of millions of people all over the world.In this paper,the predictions of epidemiological propagation models,such as SIR and SEIR,are introduced to analyze the earlier COVID-19 propagation.The deep learning methods combined with transfer learning are familiar with classification-detection approaches based on chest X-ray and CT images are presented in detail.Besides,deep learning approaches have also been applied to lung ultrasound(LUS),which has been shown to be more sensitive than chest X-ray and CT images in detecting COVID-19.In the absence of a vaccine,the machine learning-related approaches are applied to analyze vaccine candidates in the realm of biology and medicine.The telehealth system played a major role in combating the pandemic from all aspects and reducing contact with patients during this period.Natural language processing-related methods are utilized to analyze tweets related to the COVID-19 epidemic on social media,and further analyze public sentiment and subject modeling,so as to arrange corresponding measures to appease public sentiment.In particular,this survey is to summarize and analyze the contributions made in various fields during the COVID-19 pandemic by considering both the contribution of deep learning in chest X-ray and CT images,as well as the application of the latest LUS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Telehealth and the importance of public sentiment analysis during a pandemic were also described in detail.
基金the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.20190303146SF)Jilin Provincial Department of Finance Project(Grant No.JLSWSRCZX2020-0023)Jilin Province Biotherapeutic Science and Technology Innovation Center Project(Grant No.20200602032ZP).
文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a highly heterogeneous class of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells and peptidergic neurons.After failure of first-line treatment,patients have poor prognosis and limited treatment options.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)may be a powerful means of increasing therapeutic efficacy for such patients,but ICIs alone have low response rates and short disease control durations in most NENs and may be effective for only a portion of the population.ICIs combined with other immunotherapies,targeted therapies,or cytotoxic drugs have achieved some efficacy in patients with NENs and are worthy of further exploration to assess their benefits to the population.In addition,accumulating experimental and clinical evidence supports that the interaction between neuroendocrine and immune systems is essential to maintain homeostasis,and assessment of this broad neuroendocrine-immune correlation is essential for NEN treatment.In this review,we summarize the immune microenvironment characteristics,advances in immunotherapy,predictive biomarkers of ICI efficacy for NENs,and the effects of common endocrine hormones on the immune system,highlighting possible new application areas for this promising treatment in neglected NENs.
基金supported by grants from the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(CN)(No.20190303146SF)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874052)
文摘Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a highly malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis;therefore,more effective treatments are urgently needed for patients afflicted with the disease.In recent years,emerging molecular classifications based on key transcription factors of SCLC have provided more information on the tumor pathophysiology,metastasis,immune microenvironment,and acquired therapeutic resistance and reflected the intertumoral heterogeneity of the various SCLC phenotypes.Additionally,advances in genomics and single-cell sequencing analysis have further revealed the high intratumoral heterogeneity and plasticity of the disease.Herein,we review and summarize these recent lines of evidence and discuss the possible pathogenesis of SCLC.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801230,21905255)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021211090)+2 种基金Young Academic Leader Supported Program of North University of China(QX201904)Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Electrode Materials(202104010910019)The Key Laboratory Research Foundation of North University of China。
文摘By anchoring Tb^(3+)ions on its free carboxyl groups of the nanocaged NiMOF,a dual-emission self-calibrating sensor of Tb^(3+)@NiMOF was fabricated through coordination post-synthetic modification(PSM)strategy.With Tb^(3+)ions as the secondary fluorescent signal and sensing active sites,Tb^(3+)@NiMOF presents great potentials in visually and efficiently monitoring EPI in serum,with high sensitivity and selectivity,fast response,excellent recyclable,and the low detection limit(LOD,3.06 ng/mL).Furthermore,a tandem combinational logic gate based intelligent detection system was constructed to improve the practicability and convenience of epinephrine(EPI)detection in serum by comparing the light emitted colour with the series standard colour cards preset in the smartphone.This work provides a promising approach of developing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)based self-calibrating sensors for intelligent detection of bioactive molecules.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0208300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078354, 22108290)。
文摘The application of non-noble metal catalysts in the catalytic direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene with H2and O2to produce propylene oxide is valuable and challenging. The introduction of alkali metal promoters is one of the effective methods to improve the catalytic activity of catalysts. Herein, a series of alkali metal(Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs)-promoted Ni/TS-1 catalysts were prepared to deeply understand the effect of alkali metals on the structure-activity relationship for gas-phase epoxidation of propylene. Among them, the Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity(propylene conversion of 7.35% and PO formation rate of 157.9 g h^(-1)kg_(cat)^(-1)) and the best stability(long-term stability exceeding 140 h at 200 ℃). X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the electronic structure of Ni can be tuned by the addition of alkali metal promoters.NH3-TPD-MS, CO_(2)-TPD-MS, and C_(3)H_(6)-TPD-MS results indicate that the acidity of the catalyst can also be adjusted by the introduction of alkali metal, whereas the Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst exhibits the strongest C_(3)H_(6) adsorption capacity. Thus, the suitable acid-base properties, unique electronic properties of Ni species, and the strongest propylene adsorption capacity resulted in improved propylene gas-phase epoxidation activity of Na-Ni/TS-1 catalyst. This study not only provides a new strategy for the practical application of nickel-based catalysts in the gas-phase epoxidation of propylene but also provides insights into the promoting effect of alkali metals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant Nos.:2017YFD0301001 and 2016YFD0300403)the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.:31801295)。
文摘Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to considerable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought resistance, delayed senescence, and yield improvement based on the analysis of hormones homeostasis obtained by applying chemical control substances. Experiments were conducted with two genotypes of wheat. Four water irrigation treatments were applied to impose the water deficit, including well-watered control treatment(WW), mild water deficit(MiWD), moderate water deficit(MoWD), and severe water deficit(SWD). Exogenous abscisic acid(ABA) was sprayed on the plants at the anthesis stage of the wheat. As a result, exogenous ABA reduced initial senescence rate(r0), total duration of chlorophyll(Chltotal), rapid senescence phase(Chlloss), and the accumulated temperature at an inflection point(M) but improved the persistence phase(Chlper) of flag leaves under all of the four treatments. However, exogenous ABA produced inconsistent effects on photoassimilate relocation and grain weight under different treatments. It produced positive regulatory effects on grain weight under WW, MiWD, and MoWD treatments. On the one hand, spraying ABA during the persistence phase of flag leaves reduced the ratios of zeatin to gibberellin(Z/GA3), spermine to spermidine(Spm/Spd), and salicylic acid to ABA(SA/ABA),which prolonged active photosynthesis by stimulating high level of proline(Pro) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase(APX). Therefore, drought tolerance was enhanced, and more photosynthetic assimilates were accumulated. On the other hand, the rapid senescence phase and the transport rate of assimilates into grains were accelerated, resulting in higher grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency(WUE). However, under SWD treatment, exogenous ABA improved the ratio of SA/ABA, leading to low Pro content and low antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaves in the rapid loss phase. Meanwhile,drought resistance declined and the transport duration of assimilates into grains was shortened, thus making photosynthetic assimilates redundant. Therefore, exogenous ABA can lead to the reduction in grain weight, yield, and WUE of wheat under SWD treatment.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301001 and 2016YFD0300403)the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404)the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Program
文摘Premature senescence after anthesis reduces crop yields.Delaying leaf senescence could maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period and lead to a higher photosynthetic rate.Recent studies have provided some insights into the interaction between cytokinin and nitrogen(N)in the regulation of plant development.In the present study,foliar application of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)and lovastatin,an inhibitor of cytokinin synthesis,was combined with three N rates[0 kg ha^(-1)(low nitrogen,LN),240 kg ha^(-1)(normal nitrogen,NN),and 360 kg ha^(-1)(high nitrogen,HN)]in two wheat cultivars,Wennong 6(with a staygreen phenotype)and Jimai 20(with a non-staygreen phenotype).Flag leaf senescence was assessed using a Gompertz growth curve.Grain mass,dry matter accumulation and distribution,total N of flag leaf,and concentrations of zeatin riboside(ZR)and abscisic acid(ABA)were also used to evaluate the functional characteristics of flag leaves.Grain mass was negatively correlated with initial senescence rate(r_0)and duration of rapid chlorophyll loss(Chl_(loss)),whereas it was positively correlated with maximum senescence rate(r_(max)),average senescence rate(r_(aver)),persistence phase(Chl_(per)),total duration of flag leaf(Chl_(total))and inflection point cumulative temperature(M).Compared to Jimai 20,Wennong 6 had larger r_(aver),Chl_(per),and Chl_(total).The concentration of ZR was highest under the 6-BA×NN treatment,followed by the 6-BA×HN and 6-BA×LN treatments.However,the concentration of ABA showed the opposite trend.It was concluded that the staygreen phenotype Wennong 6 was associated with greater grain mass and altered cytokinin metabolism and could be classified as a functional staygreen type.Foliar application of 6-BA interacting with N at the NN level(240 kg ha^(-1))may be a beneficial strategy for improving grain yield of wheat by regulating endogenous hormones and the flag leaf senescence process.Increasing endogenous cytokinin promoted the transport of dry matter to grain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development (R&D) Program of China (2019YFD1100104-03-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52000048)+1 种基金the Cooperative Researching Project of Chunhui Program,Ministry of Education,China (HLJ2019006)Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Ozone Application Technology and Equipment Development(OZO202104)
文摘1.The object-to-human transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 At the time of writing,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has been a global pandemic for more than a year.As of 22 September 2021,the global cumulative incidence exceeds 229 million cases,and the number of deaths has exceeded 4.75 million[1].The current situation of epidemic prevention and control within the countries around the world can be roughly divided into two stages:the pandemic stage that the United States,the United Kingdom,and India are still experiencing(as of 23 September 2021,newly reported cases in the last 24 h in the United States,United Kingdom,and India are 202840,31095,and 26964,respectively[1]);and the normalized epidemic pre-vention and control stage that countries such as China and New Zealand are currently in.
基金supported by Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(CN)(No.20190303146SF)。
文摘Curative therapy was not previously available for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC);thus,the concept of minimal/measurable(or molecular)residual disease(MRD)was not applicable to these patients.However,advances in targeted and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with advanced NSCLC,with emerging evidence of long-term survival and even the hope of complete remission(CR)by imaging examination.The latest research shows that patients with oligometastatic lung cancer can benefit from local treatment.After removing the lesions,the choice of follow-up therapy and monitoring of the lesions could remain uncertain.MRD plays a role in identifying early-stage NSCLC patients with high risks of recurrence and determining adjuvant therapy after radical treatment.In recent years,evidence has been accumulating regarding the use of circulating cell-free tumor DNA(ctDNA)to assess MRD in solid tumors.This study discussed the possible applications of ctDNA-based MRD monitoring in advanced NSCLC and described the current challenges and unresolved problems in the application of MRD in advanced NSCLC.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(81274126)
文摘[Objectives] To explore the protective effect and possible mechanisms of the coenzyme Q10( CoQ 10) on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell( HUVEC) injury induced by the oxidized low-density lipoprotein( ox-LDL). [Methods]With the human umbilical vein endothelial cells( HUVECs) cultured in vitro as the test target,the HUVECs were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group; model group; low concentration CoQ10 group( 12. 5); medium concentration CoQ10 group( 25); high concentration CoQ10 group( 50). The CCK-8 method was used to test the cell viability,and the drug concentration was screened in 60 μM of CoQ 10 toxic concentration; the total protein was extracted and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of c-fos,c-jun and PON2; the RT-PCR method was used for determination of the content of c-fos,c-jun and PON2 mRNA. [Results]Compared with the normal group,the cell viability was significantly reduced in the 35 μg/m L high ox-LDL model group,and the cell injury was induced; compared with model group,after 12 h pre-protection,12. 5 μM,25 μM,50 μM CoQ10 could all significantly improve the survival of injured cells( P < 0. 05); compared with the normal group;the protein and mRNA levels of c-fos,c-jun,PON2 in the model group all declined; compared with the model group,the protein level and mRNA expression of c-fos,c-jun,PON2 in different CoQ10 groups increased to varying degrees( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] CoQ 10 could reduce the HUVEC injury induced by high ox-LDL,and possible mechanism was achieved by upregulating the expression of AP-1 and PON2.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178240)the Shanghai Scientific Research Program(No.21DZ1200401).
文摘The first exothermic peak of cement-based material occurs a few minutes after mixing,and the properties of three dimensional(3D)printed concrete,such as setting time,are very sensitive to this.Against this background,based on the classical Park cement exothermic model of hydration,we propose and construct a numerical model of the first exothermic peak,taking into account the proportions of C_(3)S,C_(3)A and quicklime in particular.The calculated parameters are calibrated by means of relevant published exothermic test data.It is found that this developed model offers a good simulation of the first exothermic peak of hydration for C_(3)S and C_(3)A proportions from 0 to 100% of cement clinker and reflects the effect of quicklime content at 8%-10%.The unique value of this research is provision of an important computational tool for applications that are sensitive to the first exothermic peak of hydration,such as 3D printing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21702178)Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(Grant No.242102310503)+6 种基金Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality(Grant No.YJS2023AL082)Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(Grant No.2023SJGLX294Y)the Training Plan of Young Backbone Teachers in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.2021GGJS144)the Key Scientific Research Program in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.23A350012)the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.202310480020 and 202410480007)School-land Cooperation Project(Grant No.2023HX181)Training Plan of Young Backbone Teachers in Secondary College of Xuchang University(2023)。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874052)Jilin Province Health Talents Special Project(No.JLSWSRCZX2020-0023)the Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(No.20190303146SF)to J.Cui.
文摘Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are common oncogenic driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The application of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)is beneficial for patients with advanced and early-stage NSCLC.With the development of next-generation sequencing technology,numerous patients have been found to have more than one genetic mutation in addition to a single EGFR mutation;however,the efficacy of conventional EGFR-TKIs and the optimal treatments for such patients remain largely unknown.Thus,we review the incidence,prognosis,and current treatment regimens of EGFR compound mutations and EGFR concomitant mutations to provide treatment recommendations and guidance for patients with these mutations.
基金supported by Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(CN)(20190303146SF)(Jiuwei Cui)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874052)(Jiuwei Cui).
文摘Brain metastases are the most common central nervous system malignancies in adults.The popular view is that due to the existence of the blood–brain barrier,whether there are immune cells in the central nervous system has always been controversial.Current research shows that immune cells do exist in the central nervous system and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of brain metastasis.The central nervous system has a unique immune microenvironment,and the study of its mechanism is of great significance for the prediction and treatment of brain metastases.This article aims to discuss the components of the brain tumor microenvironment(TME)and immune mechanism of tumor brain metastasis,in the hopes of making better treatment through combination therapy.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0602405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41503043, 91755208)the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (No. MSFGPMR03-2)
文摘The Hermyingyi W-Sn deposit, situated in southern Myanmar, SE Asia, is a typical quartz-vein type W-Sn deposit. The ore-bearing quartz veins are mainly hosted by the Hermyingyi monzogranite which intruded into the Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks of Mergui Series. According to mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships, four ore-forming stages are recognized:(1) silicate-oxide stage;(2) quartz-sulfide stage;(3) barren quartz vein stage;(4) supergene stage. Five molybdenite samples from the deposit yield Re-Os model ages ranging from 67.8±1.6 to 69.2±1.6 Ma(weighted mean age of 68.7±1.2 Ma), and a well-defined isochron age of 68.4±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.18, 2σ). This Re-Os age is consistent with the previously published zircon U-Pb age of the Hermyingyi monzogranite(70.0±0.4 Ma)(MSWD=0.9, 2σ) within errors, which indicates a genetic link between the monzogranitic magmatism and W-Sn mineralization. The new high-precision geochronological data reveal that the granitic magmatism and associated W-Sn mineralization in southern Myanmar took place during the Late Cretaceous(70–68 Ma). The extremely low Re contents(22.9 ppb to 299 ppb) in molybdenite, coupled with sulfide δ^(34)S values in the range of +1.9‰ to +5.6‰ suggest that ore-forming metals were predominately sourced from the crustal-derived granitic magma.
