Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we...Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier is critical for the recove ry of spinal cord injury.Ferro ptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury.We hypothesized that ferroptosis is inv...Maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier is critical for the recove ry of spinal cord injury.Ferro ptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury.We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in disruption of the blood-s pinal cord barrier.In this study,we administe red the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 intraperitoneally after contusive spinal co rd injury in rats.Liproxstatin-1 improved locomotor recovery and somatosensory evoked potential electrophysiological performance after spinal cord inju ry.Liproxstatin-1 maintained blood-spinal cord barrier integrity by upregulation of the expression of tight junction protein.Liproxstatin-1 inhibited ferroptosis of endothelial cell after spinal cord injury,as shown by the immunofluorescence of an endothelial cell marker(rat endothelium cell antigen-1,RECA-1) and fe rroptosis markers Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and 15-lipoxygenase.Liproxstatin-1reduced brain endothelial cell ferroptosis in vitro by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 and downregulating Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member4 and 15-lipoxygenase.Furthermore,inflammatory cell recruitment and astrogliosis were mitigated after liproxstatin-1 treatment.In summary,liproxstatin-1im proved spinal cord injury recovery by inhibiting ferroptosis in endothelial cells and maintaining blood-s pinal co rd barrier integrity.展开更多
In order to describe the behavior of the car under ice and snowfall conditions more realistically,a vehicle following model based on the full velocity difference model is proposed under the premise of considering the ...In order to describe the behavior of the car under ice and snowfall conditions more realistically,a vehicle following model based on the full velocity difference model is proposed under the premise of considering the speed difference and various kinds of ice and snowfall conditions. Under various road conditions,it obtains the critical stability curve of the model,and verifies that the worse the road condition is,the less stable the traffic flow is. In addition,the method of nonlinear analysis is used to obtain the solution of the kink density wave in the space headway under the unstable region. Finally,the conclusions are verified by numerical simulation,that worse road conditions,which means the road surface friction coefficient is small,will lead to greater instability region and worse anti-interference ability of traffic flow,and even cause more congestion and accidents. The conclusions make great contributions to handling the traffic jams and security issues under ice and snowfall conditions.展开更多
Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant mate...Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant materials,and Mg^(2+) has been shown to promote ligament-bone healing.Here,we used Mg-2 wt.%Zn-0.5 wt.%Y-1 wt.%Nd-0.5 wt.%Zr(ZE21C)alloy and Ti6Al4V(TC4)alloy to prepare suture anchors to reconstruct the patellar ligament-tibia in SD rats.We studied the degradation behavior of the ZE21C suture anchor via in vitro and in vivo experiments and assessed its reparative effect on the ligament-bone junction.In vitro,the ZE21C suture anchor degraded gradually,and calcium and phosphorus products accumulated on its surface during degradation.In vivo,the ZE21C suture anchor could maintain its mechanical integrity within 12 weeks of implantation in rats.The tail of the ZE21C suture anchor in high stress concentration degraded rapidly during the early implantation stage(0-4weeks),while bone healing accelerated the degradation of the anchor head in the late implantation stage(4-12weeks).Radiological,histological,and biomechanical assays indicated that the ZE21C suture anchor promoted bone healing above the suture anchor and fibrocartilaginous interface regeneration in the ligament-bone junction,leading to better biomechanical strength than the TC4 group.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)causes motor,sensory and automatic impairment due to rarely axon regeneration.Developing effective treatment for SCI in the clinic is extremely challenging because of the restrictive axonal rege...Spinal cord injury(SCI)causes motor,sensory and automatic impairment due to rarely axon regeneration.Developing effective treatment for SCI in the clinic is extremely challenging because of the restrictive axonal regenerative ability and disconnection of neural elements after injury,as well as the limited systemic drug delivery efficiency caused by blood spinal cord barrier.To develop an effective non-invasive treatment strategy for SCI in clinic,we generated an autologous plasma exosome(AP-EXO)based biological scaffold where AP-EXO was loaded with neuron targeting peptide(RVG)and growth-facilitating peptides(ILP and ISP).This scaffold can be targeted delivered to neurons in the injured area and elicit robust axon regrowth across the lesion core to the levels over 30-fold greater than naïve treatment,thus reestablish the intraspinal circuits and promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.More importantly,in ex vivo,human plasma exosomes(HP-EXO)loaded with combinatory peptides of RVG,ILP and ISP showed safety and no liver and kidney toxicity in the application to nude SCI mice.Combining the efficacy and safety,the AP-EXO-based personalized treatment confers functional recovery after SCI and showed immense promising in biomedical applications in treating SCI.It is helpful to expand the application of combinatory peptides and human plasma derived autologous exosomes in promoting regeneration and recovery upon SCI treatment.展开更多
In_(2)O_(3)is an effective electrocatalyst to convert CO_(2)to formic acid(HCOOH),but its inherent poor electrical conductivity limits the efficient charge transfer during the reaction.Additionally,the tendency of In_...In_(2)O_(3)is an effective electrocatalyst to convert CO_(2)to formic acid(HCOOH),but its inherent poor electrical conductivity limits the efficient charge transfer during the reaction.Additionally,the tendency of In_(2)O_(3)particles to agglomerate during synthesis further limits the exposure of active sites.Here we address these issues by leveraging the template effect of graphene oxide and employing InBDC as a self-sacrificing template for the pyrolysis synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)@C.The resulting In_(2)O_(3)@C/rGO-600 material features In_(2)O_(3)@C nanocubes uniformly anchored on a support of reduced graphene oxide(rGO),significantly enhancing the active sites exposure.The conductive rGO network facilitates charge transfer during electrocatalysis,and the presence of oxygen vacancies generated during pyrolysis,combined with the strong electron-donating ability of rGO,enhances the adsorption and activation of CO_(2).In performance evaluation,In_(2)O_(3)@C/rGO-600 exhibits a remarkable HCOOH Faradaic efficiency exceeding 94.0%over a broad potential window of−0.7 to−1.0 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),with the highest value of 97.9%at−0.9 V(vs.RHE)in a H-cell.Moreover,the material demonstrates an excellent cathodic energy efficiency of 71.6%at−0.7 V(vs.RHE).The study underscores the efficacy of uniformly anchoring metal oxide nanoparticles onto rGO for enhancing the electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance of materials.展开更多
Recently,2-μm wave band has gained increasing interest due to its potential application for next-generation optical communication.But the development of 2-μm optical communications is substantially hampered by the m...Recently,2-μm wave band has gained increasing interest due to its potential application for next-generation optical communication.But the development of 2-μm optical communications is substantially hampered by the modulation speed due to the device bandwidth constraints.Thus,a high-speed modulator is highly demanded at 2μm.Motivated by this prospect,we demonstrate a high-speed silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator for a 2-μm wave band.The device is configured as a single-ended push–pull structure with waveguide electrorefraction via the free carrier plasma effect.The modulator was fabricated via a multiproject wafer shuttle run at a commercial silicon photonic foundry.The modulation efficiency of a single arm is measured to be 1.6 V·cm.The high-speed characterization is also performed,and the modulation speed can reach 80 Gbit/s with 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4)formats.展开更多
Decentralized solid-waste incinerators(DSWIs)have certain advantages for waste disposal from villages and towns.However,the incineration condition is always affected by the distribution of temperature and oxygen conce...Decentralized solid-waste incinerators(DSWIs)have certain advantages for waste disposal from villages and towns.However,the incineration condition is always affected by the distribution of temperature and oxygen concentration,which causes difficulties in operation and maintenance.In this study,the temperature and oxygen concentration distribution of DSWI were characterized using different air flow rates and bottom ash volumes.The results showed that the adjustment of air flow has no significant influence on the heating process of the DSWI,while the retention of bottom ash did affect the temperature and oxygen concentration fields in the furnace.When the air flow rate was increased without the retention of bottom ash,99%of the furnace volume temperature was observed between 780℃ and 800℃.However,once the bottom ash was retained,the whole furnace temperature was steadily maintained between 800℃ and 850℃.When the air flow rate was increased without bottom ash,the highest furnace volume percentage of oxygen concentrations higher than 3%maxed out at 11%volume,while it could reach 100%when bottom ash remained.The distribution of the temperature and oxygen concentration in the DSWI characterized by this research provides strong support for the operation and management of such systems.展开更多
In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS...In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of B. acheilognathi varied among 561-639 bp and 559-648 bp, and ten simple sequence repeat loci （microsatellites） were detected in the ITS regions, which contributed to significant sequence length variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 genetic clades （A, B, C, D） in samples with significantly different fish host spectra and geographic distribution. Clade A possessed a wide host range and geographic distribution, including all the samples ofB. acheilognathi determined in previous report. Clades B, C, and D only infected the small cyprinid fishes Opsariichthys bidens and Zacco platypus, and were limited to different locality. Interesting, Clades A and D were detected coexisting in same water body, and even in same fish host O. bidens in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The relatively higher genetic divergence and wide geographic distribution orB. acheilognathi parasitic in O. bidens indicated that O. bidens is likely to be the primary host. Sympatric occurrence of the two genetically distinct clades suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation and second encounter events.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum(SSGL),a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of broilers.Three hund...This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum(SSGL),a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of broilers.Three hundred male broilers with similar body weights(40.0±1.0 g)at 1 d of age were assigned randomly to 4 treatments.Each treatment contained 5 replicates of 15 birds per replicate.The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal basal diet supple mented with SSGL at the concentrations of0(control),100,200 and 500 mg/kg diet.The results showed that diets supplemented with SSGL significantly increased(P<0.05)the average daily gain and decreased(P<0.05)the feed:gain(F:G)ratio of birds during the finisher period(22 to 44 d of age).Moreover,the total antioxidant capability,glutathione reductase and catalase activities in the liver and spleen were significantly higher(P<0.05)in broilers fed diets with SSGL than in broilers fed the control diet.Additionally,dietary SSGL also increased(P<0.05)the serum interleukin(IL)-2,immunoglobulin(Ig)A and IgG levels of broilers compared with the control diet.These results suggest that SSGL have ameliorative effects on growth performance,free radical-scavenging activity,antioxidant capability,and immune function of broilers.展开更多
Since designing efficient tactile sensors for autonomous robots is still a challenge,this paper proposes a perceptual system based on a bioinspired triboelectric whisker sensor(TWS)that is aimed at reactive obstacle a...Since designing efficient tactile sensors for autonomous robots is still a challenge,this paper proposes a perceptual system based on a bioinspired triboelectric whisker sensor(TWS)that is aimed at reactive obstacle avoidance and local mapping in unknown environments.The proposed TWS is based on a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)and mimics the structure of rat whisker follicles.It operates to generate an output voltage via triboelectrification and electrostatic induction between the PTFE pellet and copper films(0.3 mm thickness),where a forced whisker shaft displaces a PTFE pellet(10 mm diameter).With the help of a biologically inspired structural design,the artificial whisker sensor can sense the contact position and approximate the external stimulation area,particularly in a dark environment.To highlight this sensor’s applicability and scalability,we demonstrate different functions,such as controlling LED lights,reactive obstacle avoidance,and local mapping of autonomous surface vehicles.The results show that the proposed TWS can be used as a tactile sensor for reactive obstacle avoidance and local mapping in robotics.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81930070(to SF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972074(to XY)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.19JCZDJC34900(to XY)。
文摘Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972074 (to XY)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.19JCZDJC34900 (to XY)National Key Research and Development Project of Stem Cell and Transformation Research,No.2019YFA0112100 (to SF)。
文摘Maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier is critical for the recove ry of spinal cord injury.Ferro ptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury.We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in disruption of the blood-s pinal cord barrier.In this study,we administe red the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 intraperitoneally after contusive spinal co rd injury in rats.Liproxstatin-1 improved locomotor recovery and somatosensory evoked potential electrophysiological performance after spinal cord inju ry.Liproxstatin-1 maintained blood-spinal cord barrier integrity by upregulation of the expression of tight junction protein.Liproxstatin-1 inhibited ferroptosis of endothelial cell after spinal cord injury,as shown by the immunofluorescence of an endothelial cell marker(rat endothelium cell antigen-1,RECA-1) and fe rroptosis markers Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and 15-lipoxygenase.Liproxstatin-1reduced brain endothelial cell ferroptosis in vitro by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 and downregulating Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member4 and 15-lipoxygenase.Furthermore,inflammatory cell recruitment and astrogliosis were mitigated after liproxstatin-1 treatment.In summary,liproxstatin-1im proved spinal cord injury recovery by inhibiting ferroptosis in endothelial cells and maintaining blood-s pinal co rd barrier integrity.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71471046,51478151 and 51308165)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2014GM003 and ZR2013EEQ003)
文摘In order to describe the behavior of the car under ice and snowfall conditions more realistically,a vehicle following model based on the full velocity difference model is proposed under the premise of considering the speed difference and various kinds of ice and snowfall conditions. Under various road conditions,it obtains the critical stability curve of the model,and verifies that the worse the road condition is,the less stable the traffic flow is. In addition,the method of nonlinear analysis is used to obtain the solution of the kink density wave in the space headway under the unstable region. Finally,the conclusions are verified by numerical simulation,that worse road conditions,which means the road surface friction coefficient is small,will lead to greater instability region and worse anti-interference ability of traffic flow,and even cause more congestion and accidents. The conclusions make great contributions to handling the traffic jams and security issues under ice and snowfall conditions.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(212102310236,202102210015)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51701184,51671175)+1 种基金the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1804251)the Postgraduate Independent Innovation Project of Zhengzhou University(20211203).
文摘Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant materials,and Mg^(2+) has been shown to promote ligament-bone healing.Here,we used Mg-2 wt.%Zn-0.5 wt.%Y-1 wt.%Nd-0.5 wt.%Zr(ZE21C)alloy and Ti6Al4V(TC4)alloy to prepare suture anchors to reconstruct the patellar ligament-tibia in SD rats.We studied the degradation behavior of the ZE21C suture anchor via in vitro and in vivo experiments and assessed its reparative effect on the ligament-bone junction.In vitro,the ZE21C suture anchor degraded gradually,and calcium and phosphorus products accumulated on its surface during degradation.In vivo,the ZE21C suture anchor could maintain its mechanical integrity within 12 weeks of implantation in rats.The tail of the ZE21C suture anchor in high stress concentration degraded rapidly during the early implantation stage(0-4weeks),while bone healing accelerated the degradation of the anchor head in the late implantation stage(4-12weeks).Radiological,histological,and biomechanical assays indicated that the ZE21C suture anchor promoted bone healing above the suture anchor and fibrocartilaginous interface regeneration in the ligament-bone junction,leading to better biomechanical strength than the TC4 group.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of Stem Cell and Transformation Research(2019YFA0112100),ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(81930070)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102560)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2021QH097)the No.69 General Fund of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691936)Talent project of Shandong University(22480082063100),China.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)causes motor,sensory and automatic impairment due to rarely axon regeneration.Developing effective treatment for SCI in the clinic is extremely challenging because of the restrictive axonal regenerative ability and disconnection of neural elements after injury,as well as the limited systemic drug delivery efficiency caused by blood spinal cord barrier.To develop an effective non-invasive treatment strategy for SCI in clinic,we generated an autologous plasma exosome(AP-EXO)based biological scaffold where AP-EXO was loaded with neuron targeting peptide(RVG)and growth-facilitating peptides(ILP and ISP).This scaffold can be targeted delivered to neurons in the injured area and elicit robust axon regrowth across the lesion core to the levels over 30-fold greater than naïve treatment,thus reestablish the intraspinal circuits and promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.More importantly,in ex vivo,human plasma exosomes(HP-EXO)loaded with combinatory peptides of RVG,ILP and ISP showed safety and no liver and kidney toxicity in the application to nude SCI mice.Combining the efficacy and safety,the AP-EXO-based personalized treatment confers functional recovery after SCI and showed immense promising in biomedical applications in treating SCI.It is helpful to expand the application of combinatory peptides and human plasma derived autologous exosomes in promoting regeneration and recovery upon SCI treatment.
基金Joint Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B20147).
文摘In_(2)O_(3)is an effective electrocatalyst to convert CO_(2)to formic acid(HCOOH),but its inherent poor electrical conductivity limits the efficient charge transfer during the reaction.Additionally,the tendency of In_(2)O_(3)particles to agglomerate during synthesis further limits the exposure of active sites.Here we address these issues by leveraging the template effect of graphene oxide and employing InBDC as a self-sacrificing template for the pyrolysis synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)@C.The resulting In_(2)O_(3)@C/rGO-600 material features In_(2)O_(3)@C nanocubes uniformly anchored on a support of reduced graphene oxide(rGO),significantly enhancing the active sites exposure.The conductive rGO network facilitates charge transfer during electrocatalysis,and the presence of oxygen vacancies generated during pyrolysis,combined with the strong electron-donating ability of rGO,enhances the adsorption and activation of CO_(2).In performance evaluation,In_(2)O_(3)@C/rGO-600 exhibits a remarkable HCOOH Faradaic efficiency exceeding 94.0%over a broad potential window of−0.7 to−1.0 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),with the highest value of 97.9%at−0.9 V(vs.RHE)in a H-cell.Moreover,the material demonstrates an excellent cathodic energy efficiency of 71.6%at−0.7 V(vs.RHE).The study underscores the efficacy of uniformly anchoring metal oxide nanoparticles onto rGO for enhancing the electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance of materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875049,61875124,61935011)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ2016042718380345,JCYJ20180306171923592,JCYJ20180507183418012,JSGG20190819175801678,KQJSCX20180328165451777).
文摘Recently,2-μm wave band has gained increasing interest due to its potential application for next-generation optical communication.But the development of 2-μm optical communications is substantially hampered by the modulation speed due to the device bandwidth constraints.Thus,a high-speed modulator is highly demanded at 2μm.Motivated by this prospect,we demonstrate a high-speed silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator for a 2-μm wave band.The device is configured as a single-ended push–pull structure with waveguide electrorefraction via the free carrier plasma effect.The modulator was fabricated via a multiproject wafer shuttle run at a commercial silicon photonic foundry.The modulation efficiency of a single arm is measured to be 1.6 V·cm.The high-speed characterization is also performed,and the modulation speed can reach 80 Gbit/s with 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4)formats.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support from National Key R&D Program of China,Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2018YFD1100600).
文摘Decentralized solid-waste incinerators(DSWIs)have certain advantages for waste disposal from villages and towns.However,the incineration condition is always affected by the distribution of temperature and oxygen concentration,which causes difficulties in operation and maintenance.In this study,the temperature and oxygen concentration distribution of DSWI were characterized using different air flow rates and bottom ash volumes.The results showed that the adjustment of air flow has no significant influence on the heating process of the DSWI,while the retention of bottom ash did affect the temperature and oxygen concentration fields in the furnace.When the air flow rate was increased without the retention of bottom ash,99%of the furnace volume temperature was observed between 780℃ and 800℃.However,once the bottom ash was retained,the whole furnace temperature was steadily maintained between 800℃ and 850℃.When the air flow rate was increased without bottom ash,the highest furnace volume percentage of oxygen concentrations higher than 3%maxed out at 11%volume,while it could reach 100%when bottom ash remained.The distribution of the temperature and oxygen concentration in the DSWI characterized by this research provides strong support for the operation and management of such systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31302222)the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,CAFS Grant(2013JBFM10)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46)
文摘In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of B. acheilognathi varied among 561-639 bp and 559-648 bp, and ten simple sequence repeat loci （microsatellites） were detected in the ITS regions, which contributed to significant sequence length variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 genetic clades （A, B, C, D） in samples with significantly different fish host spectra and geographic distribution. Clade A possessed a wide host range and geographic distribution, including all the samples ofB. acheilognathi determined in previous report. Clades B, C, and D only infected the small cyprinid fishes Opsariichthys bidens and Zacco platypus, and were limited to different locality. Interesting, Clades A and D were detected coexisting in same water body, and even in same fish host O. bidens in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The relatively higher genetic divergence and wide geographic distribution orB. acheilognathi parasitic in O. bidens indicated that O. bidens is likely to be the primary host. Sympatric occurrence of the two genetically distinct clades suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation and second encounter events.
基金funded by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.6172017),ChinaOpening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials of Jiangsu Province(JSBEM2016013),ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0500500),China.
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum(SSGL),a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of broilers.Three hundred male broilers with similar body weights(40.0±1.0 g)at 1 d of age were assigned randomly to 4 treatments.Each treatment contained 5 replicates of 15 birds per replicate.The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal basal diet supple mented with SSGL at the concentrations of0(control),100,200 and 500 mg/kg diet.The results showed that diets supplemented with SSGL significantly increased(P<0.05)the average daily gain and decreased(P<0.05)the feed:gain(F:G)ratio of birds during the finisher period(22 to 44 d of age).Moreover,the total antioxidant capability,glutathione reductase and catalase activities in the liver and spleen were significantly higher(P<0.05)in broilers fed diets with SSGL than in broilers fed the control diet.Additionally,dietary SSGL also increased(P<0.05)the serum interleukin(IL)-2,immunoglobulin(Ig)A and IgG levels of broilers compared with the control diet.These results suggest that SSGL have ameliorative effects on growth performance,free radical-scavenging activity,antioxidant capability,and immune function of broilers.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51879022,9164812061633002,51575005,61503008,61973172,and 62003175)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4192026)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants Nos.3132019037 and 3132019197)the Academy of Finland(Grant No.315660).
文摘Since designing efficient tactile sensors for autonomous robots is still a challenge,this paper proposes a perceptual system based on a bioinspired triboelectric whisker sensor(TWS)that is aimed at reactive obstacle avoidance and local mapping in unknown environments.The proposed TWS is based on a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)and mimics the structure of rat whisker follicles.It operates to generate an output voltage via triboelectrification and electrostatic induction between the PTFE pellet and copper films(0.3 mm thickness),where a forced whisker shaft displaces a PTFE pellet(10 mm diameter).With the help of a biologically inspired structural design,the artificial whisker sensor can sense the contact position and approximate the external stimulation area,particularly in a dark environment.To highlight this sensor’s applicability and scalability,we demonstrate different functions,such as controlling LED lights,reactive obstacle avoidance,and local mapping of autonomous surface vehicles.The results show that the proposed TWS can be used as a tactile sensor for reactive obstacle avoidance and local mapping in robotics.
