The control of micro-wettability of pore-throat on shale oil occurrence in different types of reservoir spaces remains unclear.Take the shale oil reservoir of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar ...The control of micro-wettability of pore-throat on shale oil occurrence in different types of reservoir spaces remains unclear.Take the shale oil reservoir of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin as an example,the reservoir space in laminated shale and the control of micro-wettability of pore-throat on shale oil occurrence were studied by using scanning electron microscope(SEM),multi-stage pyrolysis,quantitative fluorescence,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and other techniques.The results show that there are mainly two types of laminated shale in the Lucaogou Formation,namely laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+terrigenous felsic,and laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+carbonate.The former type contains feldspar dissolution pores and intergranular pores,mainly with felsic mineral components around the pore-throats,which are water-wet and control the free shale oil.The latter type contains carbonate intercrystalline pores and organic pores,mainly with oil-wet mineral components around the pore-throats,which control the adsorbed shale oil.The oil-wet mineral components around the pore-throats are conducive to oil accumulation,but reduce the proportion of free oil.In the Lucaogou Formation,free oil,with high maturity and light quality,mainly occurs in the laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+terrigenous felsic.展开更多
Granular calcite is an authigenic mineral in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.Core observation,thin section observation,cathodoluminescence analysis,fluid inclusion analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and isotopi...Granular calcite is an authigenic mineral in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.Core observation,thin section observation,cathodoluminescence analysis,fluid inclusion analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and isotopic composition analysis were combined to clarify the genesis of granular calcite in the lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin.It is found that the granular calcite is distributed with laminated characteristics in fine-grained sedimentary rocks in tuffite zones(or the transitional zone between tuffite and micritic dolomite).Granular calcite has obvious cathodoluminesence band,and it can be divided into three stages.Stage-Ⅰ calcite,with non-luminesence,high content of Sr element,inclusions containing Cos,and homogenization temperature higher than 170℃,was directly formed from the volcanic-hydrothermal deposition.Stage-Ⅱ calcite,with bright yellow luminescence,high contents of Fe,Mn and Mg,enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs),and high homogenization temperature,was formed by recrystallization of calcareous edges from exhalative hydrothermal deposition.Stage-IlI calcite,with dark orange luminescence band,high contents of Mg,P,V and other elements,no obvious fractionation among LREEs,and low homogenization temperature,was originated from diagenetic transformation during burial.The granular calcite appears regularly in the vertical direction and its formation temperature decreases from the center to the margin of particles,providing direct evidences for volcanic-hydrothermal events during the deposition of the Lucaogou Formation.The volcanic-hydrothermal event was conducive to the enrichment of organic matters in fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Lucaogrou Formation,and positive to the development of high-quality source rocks.The volcanic-hydrothermal sediments might generate intergranular pores/fractures during the evolution,creating conditions for the self-generation and self-storage of shale oil.展开更多
There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900-4,400 m, respectively, within th...There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900-4,400 m, respectively, within the Shengtuo area of the Dongying Sag. Here the porosity of reservoirs buried deeper than 4,000 m can still be greater than 20%. Investigation of these three abnormally high porosity(AHP) zones in the 3rd to 4th member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area was carried out with utilization of core observation, thin section identification, SEM observation, image analysis, core physical property testing and other technical methods. The results show that, the AHP zones in 2,800-3,200 m and 3,250-3,700 m are visible pores primary AHP zones dominated by significant primary intergranular pores(more than 50% of the total porosity), while secondary pores and micropores in authigenic clays may develop in some reservoirs. AHP reservoirs in the AHP zone of 3,900-4,400 m are dominated by micropores in matrix, visible pores are mainly grain dissolution pores but with low absolute content(< 1%), so this zone belongs to the micropores primary AHP zone. The genesis of the three AHP zones was studied to distinguish between porosity enhancement and porosity preservation. Our research shows that, in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, mineral dissolution occurred in a relatively closed diagenetic system with high temperature and high salinity. Reservoir rocks underwent extensive feldspar dissolution, while detrital carbonate grains and carbonate cements show no evidence of extensive dissolution. Although significant feldspar dissolution pores developed, feldspar dissolution enhanced porosity only a little due to the precipitation of almost isovolumetric dissolution products in the nearby primary intergranular pores in forms of authigenic clays and quartz cements. Net enhanced porosity originating from feldspar dissolution is generally less than 0.25%. Thus, the subsurface dissolution has little impact on the mid-deep buried high porosity reservoirs. Reservoirs in braided channels of middle fans in sublacustrine fans and reservoirs in the middle-front of fan bodies of nearshore subaqueous fans provide the basis for the development of AHP zones. The shallow development of fluid overpressure and early hydrocarbon emplacement have effectively retarded compaction and carbonate cementation, so that the high porosity in the superficial layers is preserved in the mid-deep layers. These are the main controlling factors in the development of AHP zones.展开更多
This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J_2 x_1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core...This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J_2 x_1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N_2 adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.展开更多
This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical kn...This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical knowledge andanalytical methods for major light stable isotopes are introduced in detail. Negative and positive δ^(13)C values indicatesignificant differences on the origin of carbonate cements. The δ^(18)O value is an effective palaeotemperature scale forauthigenic minerals formation. Various fractionation equations between δ^(18)O and temperature are proposed for carbonatecements, quartz cements and clay minerals, whose merit and demerit, applicable conditions are clarified clearly. Clumpedisotope analysis can reconstruct the temperature of carbonate precipitation with no requirement on the δ^(18)O of initial waters,which makes temperature calculation of carbonate cements formation more convenient and accurate. Hydrogen and oxygenisotopes mainly reflect the origin of diagenetic fluid for clay mineral formation, providing reliable evidence for diageneticenvironment analysis. This work aims at helping researchers for better understanding the applications of light stable isotopein sandstone diagenesis.展开更多
Jimsar Sag is located in the southwest section of the eastern part of the Junggar Basin.It is a typical selfgeneration and self-storage type tight oil reservoir in the deposition period of Permian Lucaogou Formation.T...Jimsar Sag is located in the southwest section of the eastern part of the Junggar Basin.It is a typical selfgeneration and self-storage type tight oil reservoir in the deposition period of Permian Lucaogou Formation.The tight oil reservoir rocks have complex mineral compositions and multiple components,which represent a kind of transitional mixed sedimentary rock.According to the relative contents of terrigenous detrital,carbonate展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Scienceof China(42072161,41821002)Central University Basic Research Project(22CX07008A)。
文摘The control of micro-wettability of pore-throat on shale oil occurrence in different types of reservoir spaces remains unclear.Take the shale oil reservoir of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin as an example,the reservoir space in laminated shale and the control of micro-wettability of pore-throat on shale oil occurrence were studied by using scanning electron microscope(SEM),multi-stage pyrolysis,quantitative fluorescence,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and other techniques.The results show that there are mainly two types of laminated shale in the Lucaogou Formation,namely laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+terrigenous felsic,and laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+carbonate.The former type contains feldspar dissolution pores and intergranular pores,mainly with felsic mineral components around the pore-throats,which are water-wet and control the free shale oil.The latter type contains carbonate intercrystalline pores and organic pores,mainly with oil-wet mineral components around the pore-throats,which control the adsorbed shale oil.The oil-wet mineral components around the pore-throats are conducive to oil accumulation,but reduce the proportion of free oil.In the Lucaogou Formation,free oil,with high maturity and light quality,mainly occurs in the laminated shale rich in volcanic materials+terrigenous felsic.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(42072161)College Basic Research Funding Project(22CX07008A).
文摘Granular calcite is an authigenic mineral in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.Core observation,thin section observation,cathodoluminescence analysis,fluid inclusion analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and isotopic composition analysis were combined to clarify the genesis of granular calcite in the lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin.It is found that the granular calcite is distributed with laminated characteristics in fine-grained sedimentary rocks in tuffite zones(or the transitional zone between tuffite and micritic dolomite).Granular calcite has obvious cathodoluminesence band,and it can be divided into three stages.Stage-Ⅰ calcite,with non-luminesence,high content of Sr element,inclusions containing Cos,and homogenization temperature higher than 170℃,was directly formed from the volcanic-hydrothermal deposition.Stage-Ⅱ calcite,with bright yellow luminescence,high contents of Fe,Mn and Mg,enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs),and high homogenization temperature,was formed by recrystallization of calcareous edges from exhalative hydrothermal deposition.Stage-IlI calcite,with dark orange luminescence band,high contents of Mg,P,V and other elements,no obvious fractionation among LREEs,and low homogenization temperature,was originated from diagenetic transformation during burial.The granular calcite appears regularly in the vertical direction and its formation temperature decreases from the center to the margin of particles,providing direct evidences for volcanic-hydrothermal events during the deposition of the Lucaogou Formation.The volcanic-hydrothermal event was conducive to the enrichment of organic matters in fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Lucaogrou Formation,and positive to the development of high-quality source rocks.The volcanic-hydrothermal sediments might generate intergranular pores/fractures during the evolution,creating conditions for the self-generation and self-storage of shale oil.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1262203, No. 41102058)a National Science and Technology Special Grant (No. 2011ZX05006-003)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China
文摘There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900-4,400 m, respectively, within the Shengtuo area of the Dongying Sag. Here the porosity of reservoirs buried deeper than 4,000 m can still be greater than 20%. Investigation of these three abnormally high porosity(AHP) zones in the 3rd to 4th member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area was carried out with utilization of core observation, thin section identification, SEM observation, image analysis, core physical property testing and other technical methods. The results show that, the AHP zones in 2,800-3,200 m and 3,250-3,700 m are visible pores primary AHP zones dominated by significant primary intergranular pores(more than 50% of the total porosity), while secondary pores and micropores in authigenic clays may develop in some reservoirs. AHP reservoirs in the AHP zone of 3,900-4,400 m are dominated by micropores in matrix, visible pores are mainly grain dissolution pores but with low absolute content(< 1%), so this zone belongs to the micropores primary AHP zone. The genesis of the three AHP zones was studied to distinguish between porosity enhancement and porosity preservation. Our research shows that, in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, mineral dissolution occurred in a relatively closed diagenetic system with high temperature and high salinity. Reservoir rocks underwent extensive feldspar dissolution, while detrital carbonate grains and carbonate cements show no evidence of extensive dissolution. Although significant feldspar dissolution pores developed, feldspar dissolution enhanced porosity only a little due to the precipitation of almost isovolumetric dissolution products in the nearby primary intergranular pores in forms of authigenic clays and quartz cements. Net enhanced porosity originating from feldspar dissolution is generally less than 0.25%. Thus, the subsurface dissolution has little impact on the mid-deep buried high porosity reservoirs. Reservoirs in braided channels of middle fans in sublacustrine fans and reservoirs in the middle-front of fan bodies of nearshore subaqueous fans provide the basis for the development of AHP zones. The shallow development of fluid overpressure and early hydrocarbon emplacement have effectively retarded compaction and carbonate cementation, so that the high porosity in the superficial layers is preserved in the mid-deep layers. These are the main controlling factors in the development of AHP zones.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. U1762217)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (grant No. 2014CB239002)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Special Grant (grant No. 2016ZX05006-007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant No. 15CX06009A)
文摘This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J_2 x_1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N_2 adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.
基金co-funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41702141,U1762217)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX201600154)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017BD005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(2016M600568)the Postdoctoral Innovative Foundation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.201702023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.15CX08001A)Key project of CNPC(2016B-03)
文摘This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical knowledge andanalytical methods for major light stable isotopes are introduced in detail. Negative and positive δ^(13)C values indicatesignificant differences on the origin of carbonate cements. The δ^(18)O value is an effective palaeotemperature scale forauthigenic minerals formation. Various fractionation equations between δ^(18)O and temperature are proposed for carbonatecements, quartz cements and clay minerals, whose merit and demerit, applicable conditions are clarified clearly. Clumpedisotope analysis can reconstruct the temperature of carbonate precipitation with no requirement on the δ^(18)O of initial waters,which makes temperature calculation of carbonate cements formation more convenient and accurate. Hydrogen and oxygenisotopes mainly reflect the origin of diagenetic fluid for clay mineral formation, providing reliable evidence for diageneticenvironment analysis. This work aims at helping researchers for better understanding the applications of light stable isotopein sandstone diagenesis.
文摘Jimsar Sag is located in the southwest section of the eastern part of the Junggar Basin.It is a typical selfgeneration and self-storage type tight oil reservoir in the deposition period of Permian Lucaogou Formation.The tight oil reservoir rocks have complex mineral compositions and multiple components,which represent a kind of transitional mixed sedimentary rock.According to the relative contents of terrigenous detrital,carbonate
