B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various ...B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various cancers and its clinical prognostic value have still not been comprehensively analyzed.This study aimed to identify the relationship between BTLA and cancer from the perspectives of differences in BTLA expression,its clinical value,immune infiltration,and the correlation with immune-related genes in various cancers.Data regarding mRNA expression,miRNA expression,lncRNA expression,and clinical data of patients of 33 existing cancers were collected from the TCGA database.Target miRNA of BTLA and the lncRNA that interacts with the target miRNA were obtained from the StarBase database.Based on bioinformatics analysis methods,the relationship between various types of cancers and BTLA was thoroughly investigated,and a competing endogenous RNA network of BTLA,target miRNA,and interacting lncRNA was constructed.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)prognostic analysis of BTLA and target miRNA(has-miR-137)in various types of cancers was completed using the KM plotter.BTLA expression varied in different cancers,with statistical significance in nine cancer types.KM plotter to analyze the overall survival(OS)and regression-free survival prognosis of cancer patients revealed that the BTLA expression was statistically different in the OS of 11 types of cancers out of 21 types of cancers;the OS of 8 type of cancers was also statistically different.Correlation analysis of tumor immune genes revealed a positive correlation of BTLA expression with immunosuppressive gene(CTLA4 and PDCD1)expression.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that BTLA and its co-expressed genes mainly act through biological processes and pathways,including immune response regulation,cell surface receptor signaling pathway,antigen binding,antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway,and leukocyte migration.BTLA has the potential as a prognostic marker for CLL,COAD,NSCLC,and OV and a diagnostic marker for CLL,COAD,and KIRC.BTLA has a close and complex relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors,and cancer immunotherapy for BTLA is worthy of further analysis.展开更多
Between 2011 and 2013,two large-scale cohort epidemiology studies were launched in Shanghai:the SCALE study,which aimed to provide ocular public health services to cover the entire youth population in Shanghai,and the...Between 2011 and 2013,two large-scale cohort epidemiology studies were launched in Shanghai:the SCALE study,which aimed to provide ocular public health services to cover the entire youth population in Shanghai,and the SCES,which was based on sample surveys and aimed to provide information on the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment and different types of refractive errors.A total of 910,245 children and adolescents were finally enrolled in the SCALE study;three possible methods for monitoring refractive error without mydriasis were tested,and the agreement between the refractive outcomes of three commonly used autorefractors were examined to ensure the accuracy of the results of the SCALE study.A total of 8,627 children were enrolled in the SCES,and the baseline prevalence of different refractive errors,different behaviors associated with 1 year myopic shifts,and the different patterns of 2-year myopia progression between internal migrant and local resident school children have been analyzed.In some subset samples of the SCALE study and the SCES,several refraction components such as choroidal thickness(ChT)and crystalline lens power were also measured,to further elucidate the relationships between the refraction components and myopia as well as the mechanism of myopia incidence and development.The three methods used in Shanghai to prevent and intervene with childhood myopia:increasing outdoor time,low concentration atropine,and use of orthokeratology lens are also addressed in this review.展开更多
基金funded by the Central to guide local scientific and Technological Development(ZYYDDFFZZJ-1)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.18JR3RA052)+2 种基金Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Task Contract(No.2016-RC-56)Gansu Da Vinci Robot High-End Diagnosis and Treatment Team Construction Project,and Gansu Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund Program(20JR10RA415)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC1311500).
文摘B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various cancers and its clinical prognostic value have still not been comprehensively analyzed.This study aimed to identify the relationship between BTLA and cancer from the perspectives of differences in BTLA expression,its clinical value,immune infiltration,and the correlation with immune-related genes in various cancers.Data regarding mRNA expression,miRNA expression,lncRNA expression,and clinical data of patients of 33 existing cancers were collected from the TCGA database.Target miRNA of BTLA and the lncRNA that interacts with the target miRNA were obtained from the StarBase database.Based on bioinformatics analysis methods,the relationship between various types of cancers and BTLA was thoroughly investigated,and a competing endogenous RNA network of BTLA,target miRNA,and interacting lncRNA was constructed.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)prognostic analysis of BTLA and target miRNA(has-miR-137)in various types of cancers was completed using the KM plotter.BTLA expression varied in different cancers,with statistical significance in nine cancer types.KM plotter to analyze the overall survival(OS)and regression-free survival prognosis of cancer patients revealed that the BTLA expression was statistically different in the OS of 11 types of cancers out of 21 types of cancers;the OS of 8 type of cancers was also statistically different.Correlation analysis of tumor immune genes revealed a positive correlation of BTLA expression with immunosuppressive gene(CTLA4 and PDCD1)expression.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that BTLA and its co-expressed genes mainly act through biological processes and pathways,including immune response regulation,cell surface receptor signaling pathway,antigen binding,antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway,and leukocyte migration.BTLA has the potential as a prognostic marker for CLL,COAD,NSCLC,and OV and a diagnostic marker for CLL,COAD,and KIRC.BTLA has a close and complex relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors,and cancer immunotherapy for BTLA is worthy of further analysis.
基金This study was funded by the Chinese National Nature Science Foundation(Project No.81670898)Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System(2015-2017)[Grant No.GWIV-13.2],Key Discipline of Public Health-Eye Health in Shanghai[Grant No.15GWZK0601]+2 种基金Overseas High-end Research Team-Eye Health in Shanghai[GWTD2015S08]The Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leader Program(Project No.16XD1402300)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(Project No.20172022).
文摘Between 2011 and 2013,two large-scale cohort epidemiology studies were launched in Shanghai:the SCALE study,which aimed to provide ocular public health services to cover the entire youth population in Shanghai,and the SCES,which was based on sample surveys and aimed to provide information on the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment and different types of refractive errors.A total of 910,245 children and adolescents were finally enrolled in the SCALE study;three possible methods for monitoring refractive error without mydriasis were tested,and the agreement between the refractive outcomes of three commonly used autorefractors were examined to ensure the accuracy of the results of the SCALE study.A total of 8,627 children were enrolled in the SCES,and the baseline prevalence of different refractive errors,different behaviors associated with 1 year myopic shifts,and the different patterns of 2-year myopia progression between internal migrant and local resident school children have been analyzed.In some subset samples of the SCALE study and the SCES,several refraction components such as choroidal thickness(ChT)and crystalline lens power were also measured,to further elucidate the relationships between the refraction components and myopia as well as the mechanism of myopia incidence and development.The three methods used in Shanghai to prevent and intervene with childhood myopia:increasing outdoor time,low concentration atropine,and use of orthokeratology lens are also addressed in this review.
