【目的】为了解我国亚热带山地土壤有机碳及组分海拔梯度变化规律及影响因素。【方法】以南岭国家级自然保护区不同海拔(400~1650 m)山地土壤为研究对象,调查了土壤有机碳及组分在不同土层深度的分布及密度特征,分析了土壤理化因子的影...【目的】为了解我国亚热带山地土壤有机碳及组分海拔梯度变化规律及影响因素。【方法】以南岭国家级自然保护区不同海拔(400~1650 m)山地土壤为研究对象,调查了土壤有机碳及组分在不同土层深度的分布及密度特征,分析了土壤理化因子的影响。【结果】(1)总有机碳、易氧化碳、颗粒有机碳、惰性有机碳含量在相对较高海拔土壤中的含量整体更高,并在针阔混交林土壤中出现最大值,而水溶性有机碳含量则在低海拔的沟谷常绿阔叶林土壤中最高。(2)有机碳及组分含量随土层深度的增加呈明显下降趋势,随海拔变化幅度最大的组分为水溶性有机碳,随深度变化幅度最大的为颗粒有机碳,不同组分占总有机碳的比例在不同海拔和深度上的变化规律有所差异。(3)南岭山地土壤有机碳密度范围为8.81~26.59 kg m^(−2),整体略高于与其位置相近的山地土壤,有机碳及组分密度随海拔变化趋势与各自在土壤中的含量分布规律较为类似。(4)pH、黏粒含量、全氮与有机碳及组分含量的相关性较好,RDA分析结果表明全氮、全磷与土壤含水率对有机碳及组分变化的解释量占比较高。【结论】南岭山地土壤有机碳及组分具有明显的海拔梯度变化特征,土壤理化性质是影响有机碳及组分分布的重要因素。展开更多
Background Recently, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid （1,5-DQA）, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have no...Background Recently, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid （1,5-DQA）, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA on neuronal culture. Methods We investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA against amyloid IB1-42 （Aβ42）-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal culture. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA, primary cultured cortical neurons from neonate rats were pretreated with 1,5-DQA for 2 hours and then treated with 40 pmol/L Aβ42 for 6 hours. Cell counting kit-8, Hoechst staining and Western blotting were used for detecting the protective mechanism. Comparisons between two groups were evaluated by independent t test, and multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Results 1,5-DQA treated neurons showed increased neuronal cell viability against Aβ42 toxicity in a concentration- dependent manner, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 （Erkl/2） were activated by 1,5-DQA with stimulating their upstream tyrosine kinase A （Trk A）. However, the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA were blocked by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Furthermore, 1,5-DQA＇s anti-apoptotic potential was related to the enhanced inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 313 （GSK3β） and the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax. Conclusion These resutts suggest that 1,5-DQA prevents AI342-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt followed by the stimulation of Trk A, then the inhibition of GSK313 as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax.展开更多
文摘【目的】为了解我国亚热带山地土壤有机碳及组分海拔梯度变化规律及影响因素。【方法】以南岭国家级自然保护区不同海拔(400~1650 m)山地土壤为研究对象,调查了土壤有机碳及组分在不同土层深度的分布及密度特征,分析了土壤理化因子的影响。【结果】(1)总有机碳、易氧化碳、颗粒有机碳、惰性有机碳含量在相对较高海拔土壤中的含量整体更高,并在针阔混交林土壤中出现最大值,而水溶性有机碳含量则在低海拔的沟谷常绿阔叶林土壤中最高。(2)有机碳及组分含量随土层深度的增加呈明显下降趋势,随海拔变化幅度最大的组分为水溶性有机碳,随深度变化幅度最大的为颗粒有机碳,不同组分占总有机碳的比例在不同海拔和深度上的变化规律有所差异。(3)南岭山地土壤有机碳密度范围为8.81~26.59 kg m^(−2),整体略高于与其位置相近的山地土壤,有机碳及组分密度随海拔变化趋势与各自在土壤中的含量分布规律较为类似。(4)pH、黏粒含量、全氮与有机碳及组分含量的相关性较好,RDA分析结果表明全氮、全磷与土壤含水率对有机碳及组分变化的解释量占比较高。【结论】南岭山地土壤有机碳及组分具有明显的海拔梯度变化特征,土壤理化性质是影响有机碳及组分分布的重要因素。
文摘Background Recently, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid （1,5-DQA）, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA on neuronal culture. Methods We investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA against amyloid IB1-42 （Aβ42）-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal culture. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA, primary cultured cortical neurons from neonate rats were pretreated with 1,5-DQA for 2 hours and then treated with 40 pmol/L Aβ42 for 6 hours. Cell counting kit-8, Hoechst staining and Western blotting were used for detecting the protective mechanism. Comparisons between two groups were evaluated by independent t test, and multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Results 1,5-DQA treated neurons showed increased neuronal cell viability against Aβ42 toxicity in a concentration- dependent manner, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 （Erkl/2） were activated by 1,5-DQA with stimulating their upstream tyrosine kinase A （Trk A）. However, the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA were blocked by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Furthermore, 1,5-DQA＇s anti-apoptotic potential was related to the enhanced inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 313 （GSK3β） and the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax. Conclusion These resutts suggest that 1,5-DQA prevents AI342-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt followed by the stimulation of Trk A, then the inhibition of GSK313 as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax.
