圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现...圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,分布范围随着电站蓄水不断缩减并呈现出片段化,大坝建成运行几年后,库区不再有圆口铜鱼分布,坝下流水江段仍有圆口铜鱼分布;圆口铜鱼繁殖群体分布范围愈来愈窄,目前金沙江下游仅乌东德水电站坝下流水江段东川渡口能监测到亲鱼;攀枝花断面和巧家、皎平渡断面所监测到的圆口铜鱼产卵规模显著下降。通过对圆口铜鱼资源变化等研究进展的梳理,提出圆口铜鱼保护建议:加强栖息地和产卵场保护,构建人工产卵场;对圆口铜鱼人工种群应开展相应的遗传管理,并进行放流效果评估研究;修建过鱼设施,使圆口铜鱼能顺利通过大坝完成生殖洄游,保护其种群延续。展开更多
Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfied results. A parameterized 3D finite eleme...Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfied results. A parameterized 3D finite element model of bolted joints with real helical thread geometry is established and meshed with refined hexahedral elements. The Von Mises plasticity criterion, kinematic hardening rule of materials and interfacial contacts are employed to make it possible for the suggested model be able to approach real assembly conditions. Then, the mechanical properties of bolted joints with different thread pitches, thread numbers and modular ratios are investigated, including the contact pressure distribution at joint interfaces, the axial load distribution and stress concentration in screw threads during the loading and unloading process. Simulation results indicate that the load distribution in screw threads produced by the suggested model agrees well the results from CHEN’s photoelastic tests. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is found that tightening the bolt with a large preload first and then adjusting the clamping force by unloading can make the load distribution more uniform and reduce the maximum residual equivalent stress in thread roots by up to 40%. This research provides a simple and practical approach to constructing the 3D finite element model and predicting the mechanical properties of helical thread connection.展开更多
文摘圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,分布范围随着电站蓄水不断缩减并呈现出片段化,大坝建成运行几年后,库区不再有圆口铜鱼分布,坝下流水江段仍有圆口铜鱼分布;圆口铜鱼繁殖群体分布范围愈来愈窄,目前金沙江下游仅乌东德水电站坝下流水江段东川渡口能监测到亲鱼;攀枝花断面和巧家、皎平渡断面所监测到的圆口铜鱼产卵规模显著下降。通过对圆口铜鱼资源变化等研究进展的梳理,提出圆口铜鱼保护建议:加强栖息地和产卵场保护,构建人工产卵场;对圆口铜鱼人工种群应开展相应的遗传管理,并进行放流效果评估研究;修建过鱼设施,使圆口铜鱼能顺利通过大坝完成生殖洄游,保护其种群延续。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50935006)Major Project of High-end CNC Machine Tool and Basic Manufacturing Equipment of China (Grant No.2011ZX04016-031)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2012AA040701)
文摘Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfied results. A parameterized 3D finite element model of bolted joints with real helical thread geometry is established and meshed with refined hexahedral elements. The Von Mises plasticity criterion, kinematic hardening rule of materials and interfacial contacts are employed to make it possible for the suggested model be able to approach real assembly conditions. Then, the mechanical properties of bolted joints with different thread pitches, thread numbers and modular ratios are investigated, including the contact pressure distribution at joint interfaces, the axial load distribution and stress concentration in screw threads during the loading and unloading process. Simulation results indicate that the load distribution in screw threads produced by the suggested model agrees well the results from CHEN’s photoelastic tests. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is found that tightening the bolt with a large preload first and then adjusting the clamping force by unloading can make the load distribution more uniform and reduce the maximum residual equivalent stress in thread roots by up to 40%. This research provides a simple and practical approach to constructing the 3D finite element model and predicting the mechanical properties of helical thread connection.
