土壤有机质含量是土壤分析的重要指标,对土壤结构、物理特征与肥力等有重要的影响,因此对土壤有机质含量的准确测定是开展土壤相关研究的前提。采用灼烧法(350、450、550、650℃4个灼烧温度与2、4、6、8、10、12 h 6个灼烧时间)和重铬...土壤有机质含量是土壤分析的重要指标,对土壤结构、物理特征与肥力等有重要的影响,因此对土壤有机质含量的准确测定是开展土壤相关研究的前提。采用灼烧法(350、450、550、650℃4个灼烧温度与2、4、6、8、10、12 h 6个灼烧时间)和重铬酸钾容量法对取自云南昭通一高植被覆盖度的斜坡林下土壤有机质含量进行测定,结果表明:土壤有机质含量(soil organic matter,SOM)随土壤深度增加而递减,重铬酸钾容量法的测定结果较为准确和稳定,灼烧法的灼烧温度和灼烧时间对结果有明显影响,灼烧温度越高,烧失量越大,测得的SOM越高,测定结果的准确性越低;灼烧2 h内烧失量显著增加,灼烧4 h以后,SOM基本稳定不变;通过分析,对结果准确性要求较高时,建议采用重铬酸钾容量法;若样品量大且需快速测定时,建议采用灼烧法(灼烧温度不宜超过450℃,灼烧时间为4 h)。同时研究还发现SOM对土壤结构特征有着明显影响,取样点土壤具有高有机质含量的性质,导致土壤具有高孔隙度-低容重-高含水率的物理特征。展开更多
Tailings impoundments can potentially collapse due to damage caused by earthquakes,which has frequently occurred around the world.This study takes the proposed valley type tailings impoundment in Yunnan as the researc...Tailings impoundments can potentially collapse due to damage caused by earthquakes,which has frequently occurred around the world.This study takes the proposed valley type tailings impoundment in Yunnan as the research object to analyze the dynamic response behavior under earthquake action with both numerical simulation and physical model test(1:300).The results of both tests show that the dynamic response of the valley type tailings impoundment is characterized by"medium stiffness effect",in other words,in a certain range,the"softer"the unsaturated tailings sand is,the more energy it can dissipate,which leads the decrease of the value of the acceleration amplification factor.In addition,the peak acceleration of the monitoring points increases with the vertical elevation,which indicates that the"elevation amplification effect"exists in the tailings impoundment dynamic response.The middle part of the outer side of the raised embankment reacts more sensitive than the crest,which is similar to the slope dynamic response.The starter dam reacts sensitively under the earthquake excitation,which should be given more attention during the seismic design.The dynamic response rules reflected by the numerical simulation are consistent with the results monitored on the physical model test,although there are some differences between their values.The dynamic response rules of the valley type tailings impoundment can provide basis for the design of the similar projects in this region.展开更多
基金financially supported by project (Grant NO. U1502232, U1033601)-National Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fundproject (Grant NO. 20135314110005)-Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Tailings impoundments can potentially collapse due to damage caused by earthquakes,which has frequently occurred around the world.This study takes the proposed valley type tailings impoundment in Yunnan as the research object to analyze the dynamic response behavior under earthquake action with both numerical simulation and physical model test(1:300).The results of both tests show that the dynamic response of the valley type tailings impoundment is characterized by"medium stiffness effect",in other words,in a certain range,the"softer"the unsaturated tailings sand is,the more energy it can dissipate,which leads the decrease of the value of the acceleration amplification factor.In addition,the peak acceleration of the monitoring points increases with the vertical elevation,which indicates that the"elevation amplification effect"exists in the tailings impoundment dynamic response.The middle part of the outer side of the raised embankment reacts more sensitive than the crest,which is similar to the slope dynamic response.The starter dam reacts sensitively under the earthquake excitation,which should be given more attention during the seismic design.The dynamic response rules reflected by the numerical simulation are consistent with the results monitored on the physical model test,although there are some differences between their values.The dynamic response rules of the valley type tailings impoundment can provide basis for the design of the similar projects in this region.
