Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its appl...Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.展开更多
The effect of a tilted-dipole three-dimensional corotating interaction region(CIR)on the transport and acceleration of solar energetic particles(SEPs)is studied.In this work,we discussed how the particle intensity lon...The effect of a tilted-dipole three-dimensional corotating interaction region(CIR)on the transport and acceleration of solar energetic particles(SEPs)is studied.In this work,we discussed how the particle intensity longitudinal and radial dependence might be influenced by the background structures.Moreover,we investigate how the spectral index distribution is modulated by the CIR structure We use the focused transport equation(FTE)to describe the propagation and acceleration of SEPs in a tilt-dipole 3D CIR,generated by the high-resolution 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)model.The forward stochastic differential method is used to solve the FTE.The protons with theE~(-4.4)spectrum from 0.5 to 15 MeV are injected uniformly at the heliographic equator of 0.15 AU.Physical quantities are extracted along each interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)line to show the results.In the tilted-dipole CIR background,if injected from the solar equator at the inner boundary,particles in the slow flow are transported to higher latitudes due to the extension of the IMF lines to higher latitudes.The longitudinal patterns of the particles are dominated by the density of IMF lines.The focusing effect modulates the longitudinal variation of the particle intensity and gives rise to new longitudinal intensity peaks.The adiabatic effect largely increases the intensity fluctuation along the longitude.The structure of the solar wind can also lead to the difference of the indexαin the empirical functionI_(max)=kR~(-α),describing the radial variation of peak intensity according to our simulation.Under the influence of the CIR structure,the indexαvaries from 1.9 to 3.4 at 0.3-1.0 AU.The variation of the solar wind speed should be considered when estimating the radial dependence of the SEP peak intensity.The spectra indices rise near the CIR boundaries and drop near the stream interface(SI).The adiabatic effect makes the spatial variability of the spectral index larger.The spectral index could be similar at different radial distances in the CIR structure.展开更多
Objective:Natural extracts,including nobiletin,have been reported to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs.However,whether and how nobiletin affects tumor growth and progression in renal cell ...Objective:Natural extracts,including nobiletin,have been reported to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs.However,whether and how nobiletin affects tumor growth and progression in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)are still unclear.Methods:Cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis analyses,colony-formation assays,immunoblotting analysis,and q RT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate how nobiletin affected RCC cell proliferation in vitro.The nude mouse model was used to test the efficacy of nobiletin alone or in combination with palbociclib.Results:Nobiletin inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in RCC cells.Mechanistically,nobiletin decreased SKP2 protein expression by reducing its transcriptional level.The downregulated SKP2 caused accumulation of its substrates,p27 and p21,which further inhibited the activity of the G1 phase-related protein,CDK2,leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor formation.A higher SKP2 protein level indicated less sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib.A combination of nobiletin and palbociclib showed a synergistic tumor inhibition in vitro and in an in vivo model.Conclusions:Nobiletin downregulated the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and showed synergistic tumor inhibition effects with the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib,on RCC,which indicates a potential new therapeutic strategy.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether autofluorescence imaging (AFI) endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) from functional heartburn (FH).METHODS: In this prospective observational trial, 127 patients pres...AIM: To investigate whether autofluorescence imaging (AFI) endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) from functional heartburn (FH).METHODS: In this prospective observational trial, 127 patients presenting with typical reflux symptoms for > 6 mo were screened. All the participants underwent endoscopy, during which white light imaging (WLI) was followed by AFI. Finally 84 patients with normal esophageal appearance on WLI were enrolled. It was defined as being suggestive of NERD if one or more longitudinal purple lines longer than one centimeter were visualized in the distal part of the esophagus during AFI endoscopy. Ambulatory 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring was also performed. After standard proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) tests, subjects were divided into an NERD group and an FH group and the diagnostic performance of AFI endoscopy to differentiate NERD from FH was evaluated.RESULTS: Of 84 endoscopy-negative patients, 36 (42.9%) had a normal pH/impedance test. Of these, 26 patients with favorable responses to PPI tests were classified as having NERD. Finally 10 patients were diagnosed with FH and the others with NERD. Altogether, 68 (81.0%) of the 84 patients were positive on AFI endoscopy. In the NERD group, there were 67 (90.5%) patients with abnormal esophageal findings on AFI endoscopy while only 1 (10%) patient was positive on AFI endoscopy in the FH group. The sensitivity and specificity of AFI in differentiating NERD from FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 81.5%-96.1%) and 90.0% (95%CI: 55.5%-99.7%), respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of AFI in differentiating between NERD and FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 84.2%-96.8%), 98.5% (95%CI: 92.1%-99.9%) and 56.3% (95%CI: 30.0%-80.2%), respectively.CONCLUSION: Autofluorescence imaging may serve as a complementary method in evaluating patients with NERD and FH.展开更多
Objective:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease.In recent years,researchers have found that cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61(Cyr61,also known as CCN1)has a potential rol...Objective:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease.In recent years,researchers have found that cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61(Cyr61,also known as CCN1)has a potential role in reducing portal inflammation in patients with PBC.This study aimed to explore the relationship between Cyr61 and PBC to provide new ideas and an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of PBC.Methods:After induction of the overexpression of Cyr61 in a mouse model of PBC using recombinant adenovirus,hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological scores were used to indicate intrahepatic inflammation and bile duct damage.Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in inflammation-related cytokines in the liver.To further study the mechanism,we assessed whether Cyr61 protects bile duct epithelial cells from cytotoxic effects.Results:Serum and hepatic Cyr61 levels were increased in the murine model of PBC.Overexpression of Cyr61 alleviated hepatic inflammation and bile duct injury in vivo.Cyr61 inhibited the cytotoxic effects of CD8^(+)T cells by acting on biliary epithelial cells(BECs)in vitro.Conclusion:Our results provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of PBC and suggest that Cyr61 plays a dominant role in the cytotoxic effects on BECs in PBC.Consequently,therapeutic strategies targeting Cyr61 could be a potent therapy for PBC.展开更多
Accidents in chemical production usually result in fatal injury,economic loss and negative social impact.Chemical accident reports which record past accident information,contain a large amount of expert knowledge.Howe...Accidents in chemical production usually result in fatal injury,economic loss and negative social impact.Chemical accident reports which record past accident information,contain a large amount of expert knowledge.However,manually finding out the key factors causing accidents needs reading and analyzing of numerous accident reports,which is time-consuming and labor intensive.Herein,in this paper,a semiautomatic method based on natural language process(NLP)technology is developed to construct a knowledge graph of chemical accidents.Firstly,we build a named entity recognition(NER)model using SoftLexicon(simplify the usage of lexicon)+BERT-Transformer-CRF(conditional random field)to automatically extract the accident information and risk factors.The risk factors leading to accident in chemical accident reports are divided into five categories:human,machine,material,management,and environment.Through analysis of the extraction results of different chemical industries and different accident types,corresponding accident prevention suggestions are given.Secondly,based on the definition of classes and hierarchies of information in chemical accident reports,the seven-step method developed at Stanford University is used to construct the ontology-based chemical accident knowledge description model.Finally,the ontology knowledge description model is imported into the graph database Neo4j,and the knowledge graph is constructed to realize the structu red storage of chemical accident knowledge.In the case of information extraction from 290 Chinese chemical accident reports,SoftLexicon+BERT-Transformer-CRF shows the best extraction performance among nine experimental models.Demonstrating that the method developed in the current work can be a promising tool in obtaining the factors causing accidents,which contributes to intelligent accident analysis and auxiliary accident prevention.展开更多
We detailed the valve morphology of five new species of diatom genus Nupela from wetwall communities in Yunnan Province,China,with light and scanning electron microscope.The five new species demonstrate great variabil...We detailed the valve morphology of five new species of diatom genus Nupela from wetwall communities in Yunnan Province,China,with light and scanning electron microscope.The five new species demonstrate great variability within the genus,as three of them are biraphid and two are monoraphid.In addition,variation was noted in the structure of internal proximal raphe ends,with some species having anchor-shaped ends and other species have hooked ends.The genus Nupela has grown considerably in 30years since it was first proposed,going from a monotypic genus to over 85 taxa.Diagnosis of the genus is based on the presence of an external covering over the areolae.We discussed the systematic placement of Nupela within the naviculoid diatoms.Yunnan Province appears to harbor many endemic diatom taxa,and many regions of the province have yet to be studied.展开更多
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)into high-value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to mitigate global warming.However,it remains a significant stumbling block to the rat...The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)into high-value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to mitigate global warming.However,it remains a significant stumbling block to the rationally tuning lattice plane of the catalyst with high activity to produce the target product in the eCO_(2)RR process.To attempt to solve this problem,the Culn bimetallic alloy nanocatalyst with specifically exposed lattice planes is modulated and electrodeposited on the nitrogen-doped porous carbon cloth by a simple two-step electrodeposition method,which induces high Faraday efficiency of 80%towards HCOO-(FEHCOO-)with a partial current density of 13.84 mA cm-2at-1.05 V(vs.RHE).Systematic characterizations and theoretical modeling reveal that the specific coexposed Culn(200)and In(101)lattice facets selectively adsorbed the key intermediate of OCHO*,reducing the overpotential of HCOOH and boosting the FEHCOO-in a wide potential window(-0.65--1.25 V).Moreover,a homogeneous distribution of Culn nanoparticles with an average diameter of merely~3.19 nm affords exposure to abundant active sites,meanwhile prohibiting detachment and agglomeration of nanoparticles during eCO_(2)RR for enhanced stability attributing to the self-assembly electrode strategy.This study highlights the synergistic effect between catalytic activity and facet effect,which opens a new route in surface engineering to tune their electrocatalytic performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate...BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate-like lymphocytes involved in inflammatory liver disease,and their potential role in liver failure remains unclear.AIM To investigate alteration of circulating MAIT cells and assess its prognostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver failure.METHODS We recruited 55 patients with HBV-related liver failure,48 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 40 healthy controls(HCs)from Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated,and the percentage and number of circulating MAIT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-7,IL-12p70,IL-18 and interferon-αwere measured by Luminex assay.RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were significantly decreased in HBV-related liver failure patients(percentage:2.00±1.22 vs 5.19±1.27%,P<0.0001;number:5.47±4.93 vs 84.43±19.59,P<0.0001)compared with HCs.More importantly,there was a significant reduction of MAIT cells in patients with middle/late-stage compared with early-stage liver failure.Circulating MAIT cells partially recovered after disease improvement,both in percentage(4.01±1.21 vs 2.04±0.95%,P<0.0001)and in cell count(17.24±8.56 vs 7.41±4.99,P<0.0001).The proportion(2.29±1.01 vs 1.58±1.38%,P<0.05)and number(7.30±5.70 vs 2.94±1.47,P<0.001)of circulating MAIT cells were significantly higher in the survival group than in the dead/liver transplantation group,and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that lower expression of circulating MAIT cells(both percentage and cell count)predicted poor overall survival(P<0.01).Also,the levels of IL-12(20.26±5.42 pg/mL vs 17.76±2.79 pg/mL,P=0.01)and IL-18(1470.05±1525.38 pg/mL vs 362.99±109.64 pg/mL,P<0.0001)were dramatically increased in HBV-related liver failure patients compared with HCs.CONCLUSION Circulating MAIT cells may play an important role in the process of HBV-related liver failure and can be an important prognostic marker.展开更多
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.T...Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.展开更多
The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digit...The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digital technologies,and energy,the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions has not received sufficient attention in the literature.Meanwhile,although cities are the basic units for carbon emission reduction policies,few studies have explored carbon emissions at the city level in China.This study investigates the spatial correlation and spillover effects of the digital economy development on carbon emission reduction in 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019.The proposed approach relies on Moran’s I test and the spatial Durbin model(SDM).First,the study’s results show that carbon emissions are more severe in industry-intensive cities in northeast and central China than in the eastern coast during the sample period.Second,the development of the digital economy is conducive to reducing carbon emissions.Third,Moran’s I and SDM tests find that the digital economy has a significant spatial effect on carbon emissions,with a close spatial connection between cities.Based on the above findings,this study offers relevant policy recommendations and suggestions for realizing China's carbon neutrality goal.展开更多
The heterogeneous magnesium(Mg) matrix nanocomposite with dispersed soft phase exhibits high strength and toughness. Herein, the deformation behavior and failure process were investigated to reveal the unique mechanic...The heterogeneous magnesium(Mg) matrix nanocomposite with dispersed soft phase exhibits high strength and toughness. Herein, the deformation behavior and failure process were investigated to reveal the unique mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous microstructure under compression. The extensive plastic deformation is accompanied by the flattening and tilting of the soft phase, inhibiting strain localization and leading to strain hardening. Moreover, a stable crack multiplication process is activated, which endows high damage tolerance to the heterogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposites. The final failure of the composite is caused by crack coalescence in the shear plane along a tortuous path. The presence of dispersed soft phases within the hard matrix induces a noticeable change in mechanical response. Especially,the malleability of the heterogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposite is two and ten times higher than that of pure Mg and the homogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposite, respectively. The current study provides a novel strategy to break the trade-off between strength and toughness in metal matrix nanocomposites.展开更多
The effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern,but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention.Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogeni...The effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern,but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention.Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogenicity and caused symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting.Available data have shown that human coronaviruses,including the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2,mainly infect the respiratory system and cause symptoms such as cough and fever,while they may generate gastrointestinal symptoms.However,there is little about the relation between coronavirus and digestive system.This review specifically addresses the effects of mammalian and human coronaviruses,including SARS-CoV-2,on the digestive tract,helping to cope with the new virus infection-induced disease,COVID-19.展开更多
A new species of Argidae is described from Zhejiang, China: Athermantus melanoptera Wei sp. nov. This new species is similar to A. leucopilosus Wen & Wei, 2002, but differs from it by the body hairs black;the uppe...A new species of Argidae is described from Zhejiang, China: Athermantus melanoptera Wei sp. nov. This new species is similar to A. leucopilosus Wen & Wei, 2002, but differs from it by the body hairs black;the upper of hind orbit clearly broader than eye in lateral view;pterostigma entirely black;vein R of fore wing clearly shorter than vein R+M;valviceps of penis valve narrow and hardly oblique, about 3.5 times as long as broad. A key to species of Athermantus Kirby, 1882 is also provided.展开更多
The effect of LiF thickness on the electrical and luminescent characteristics in OLEDs has been studied by carefully varying thickness value range from 0 nm to 1.2 nm. It’s interesting to find that the device with 0....The effect of LiF thickness on the electrical and luminescent characteristics in OLEDs has been studied by carefully varying thickness value range from 0 nm to 1.2 nm. It’s interesting to find that the device with 0.2 nm LiF layer performs the largest current and comparative lower luminescent efficiency, while the one with 0.6 nm LiF performs another current peak (lower than that of device with 0.2 nm LiF layer) but the highest luminescent efficiency in all devices. Here the much enhanced electron injection and destructive efficiency for 0.2 nm LiF device are understood by the chemical interaction model at cathode interface, while the fairly increased electron injection and much improved efficiency for 0.6 nm LiF device would be interpreted by other mechanisms, and LiF plays a protective part in preventing the deposition-induce photoluminescence from quenching by Al cathode.展开更多
H_(2)O_(2) was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells(MRCs)coupled with thermolytic solutions,which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical energy.To determine the optim...H_(2)O_(2) was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells(MRCs)coupled with thermolytic solutions,which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical energy.To determine the optimal cathode and membrane stack configurations for H_(2)O_(2) production,different catalysts,catalyst loadings and numbers of membrane cell pairs were tested.Carbon black(CB)outperformed activated carbon(AC)for H_(2)O_(2) production,although AC showed higher catalytic activity for oxygen reduction.The optimum CB loading was 10 mg/cm^(2) in terms of both the H_(2)O_(2) production rate and power production.The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three based on a tradeoff between H_(2)O_(2) production and capital costs.A H_(2)O_(2) production rate as high as 0.99±0.10 mmol/(L·h)was achieved with 10 mg/cm^(2) CB loading and 3 cell pairs,where the H_(2)O_(2) recovery efficiency was 52±2%and the maximum power density was 780±37 mW/m^(2).Increasing the number of cell pairs to five resulted in an increase in maximum power density(980±21 mW/m^(2))but showed limited effects on H_(2)O_(2) production.These results indicated that MRCs can be an efficient method for sustainable H_(2)O_(2) production.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the correlation of serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content with malignant proliferation of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer. Methods:Superficial gastritis group (n=247...Objective: To investigate the correlation of serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content with malignant proliferation of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer. Methods:Superficial gastritis group (n=247), gastric ulcer group (n=159) and gastric cancer group (n=97) who were pathologically diagnosed by gastroscopy in Chongqing wanzhou district people's hospital of 5 between August 2016 and August 2017 were selected, and the differences in serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content as well as proliferation and apoptosis gene expression in lesion tissue were compared among the three groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content with malignant proliferation activity of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer. Results: Serum pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content in gastric cancer group were lower than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group. Proliferation genes EIF5A2, MACF1 and PIK3CD mRNA expression levels in gastric cancer group were higher than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group whereas SIRT1 mRNA expression level was lower than that in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group;apoptosis gene Livin mRNA expression level was higher than that in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group whereas Bad and Noxa mRNA expression levels were lower than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group;serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content in gastric cancer group were negatively correlated with EIF5A2, MACF1, PIK3CD and Livin mRNA expression levels, and positively correlated with SIRT1, Bad and Noxa mRNA expression levels. Conclusion: The serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content abnormally reduce in patients with gastric cancer, and the specific levels are directly correlated with gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis activity.展开更多
Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and ecosystems.From the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its limits.The projected increase of...Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and ecosystems.From the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its limits.The projected increase of plastic production and waste generation over the coming years makes the situation even more daunting.Even after stagnation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the global plastic production has also increased from 335 to 391 million metric tons(Mt)between 2016 and 2021(Fig.S1 online);yet currently post-consumer recycled and bio-based/attributed plastics only accounts~9%of the world’s plastic production[1].Statistically.展开更多
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0207600 (to LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.821 71446 (to JY),U22A20301 (to KFS),32070955 (to LZ)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.202381515040015 (to LZ)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012 (to KFS and LZ)
文摘Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330210 and 41974202)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant Nos.2022YFF0503800 and2021YFA0718600)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB 41000000)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories。
文摘The effect of a tilted-dipole three-dimensional corotating interaction region(CIR)on the transport and acceleration of solar energetic particles(SEPs)is studied.In this work,we discussed how the particle intensity longitudinal and radial dependence might be influenced by the background structures.Moreover,we investigate how the spectral index distribution is modulated by the CIR structure We use the focused transport equation(FTE)to describe the propagation and acceleration of SEPs in a tilt-dipole 3D CIR,generated by the high-resolution 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)model.The forward stochastic differential method is used to solve the FTE.The protons with theE~(-4.4)spectrum from 0.5 to 15 MeV are injected uniformly at the heliographic equator of 0.15 AU.Physical quantities are extracted along each interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)line to show the results.In the tilted-dipole CIR background,if injected from the solar equator at the inner boundary,particles in the slow flow are transported to higher latitudes due to the extension of the IMF lines to higher latitudes.The longitudinal patterns of the particles are dominated by the density of IMF lines.The focusing effect modulates the longitudinal variation of the particle intensity and gives rise to new longitudinal intensity peaks.The adiabatic effect largely increases the intensity fluctuation along the longitude.The structure of the solar wind can also lead to the difference of the indexαin the empirical functionI_(max)=kR~(-α),describing the radial variation of peak intensity according to our simulation.Under the influence of the CIR structure,the indexαvaries from 1.9 to 3.4 at 0.3-1.0 AU.The variation of the solar wind speed should be considered when estimating the radial dependence of the SEP peak intensity.The spectra indices rise near the CIR boundaries and drop near the stream interface(SI).The adiabatic effect makes the spatial variability of the spectral index larger.The spectral index could be similar at different radial distances in the CIR structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81772702 and 81502214)。
文摘Objective:Natural extracts,including nobiletin,have been reported to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs.However,whether and how nobiletin affects tumor growth and progression in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)are still unclear.Methods:Cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis analyses,colony-formation assays,immunoblotting analysis,and q RT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate how nobiletin affected RCC cell proliferation in vitro.The nude mouse model was used to test the efficacy of nobiletin alone or in combination with palbociclib.Results:Nobiletin inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in RCC cells.Mechanistically,nobiletin decreased SKP2 protein expression by reducing its transcriptional level.The downregulated SKP2 caused accumulation of its substrates,p27 and p21,which further inhibited the activity of the G1 phase-related protein,CDK2,leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor formation.A higher SKP2 protein level indicated less sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib.A combination of nobiletin and palbociclib showed a synergistic tumor inhibition in vitro and in an in vivo model.Conclusions:Nobiletin downregulated the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and showed synergistic tumor inhibition effects with the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib,on RCC,which indicates a potential new therapeutic strategy.
文摘AIM: To investigate whether autofluorescence imaging (AFI) endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) from functional heartburn (FH).METHODS: In this prospective observational trial, 127 patients presenting with typical reflux symptoms for > 6 mo were screened. All the participants underwent endoscopy, during which white light imaging (WLI) was followed by AFI. Finally 84 patients with normal esophageal appearance on WLI were enrolled. It was defined as being suggestive of NERD if one or more longitudinal purple lines longer than one centimeter were visualized in the distal part of the esophagus during AFI endoscopy. Ambulatory 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring was also performed. After standard proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) tests, subjects were divided into an NERD group and an FH group and the diagnostic performance of AFI endoscopy to differentiate NERD from FH was evaluated.RESULTS: Of 84 endoscopy-negative patients, 36 (42.9%) had a normal pH/impedance test. Of these, 26 patients with favorable responses to PPI tests were classified as having NERD. Finally 10 patients were diagnosed with FH and the others with NERD. Altogether, 68 (81.0%) of the 84 patients were positive on AFI endoscopy. In the NERD group, there were 67 (90.5%) patients with abnormal esophageal findings on AFI endoscopy while only 1 (10%) patient was positive on AFI endoscopy in the FH group. The sensitivity and specificity of AFI in differentiating NERD from FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 81.5%-96.1%) and 90.0% (95%CI: 55.5%-99.7%), respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of AFI in differentiating between NERD and FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 84.2%-96.8%), 98.5% (95%CI: 92.1%-99.9%) and 56.3% (95%CI: 30.0%-80.2%), respectively.CONCLUSION: Autofluorescence imaging may serve as a complementary method in evaluating patients with NERD and FH.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600449)the Nantong Science and Technology Bureau(No.MS22018007 and No.MSZ18130)+2 种基金Six Peak Talents in Jiangsu Province(No.YY-177)the Project of Jiangsu Province Youth Medical Talent Development(No.QNRC2016400)the Project of Nantong Youth Medical Talent Development(No.05).
文摘Objective:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease.In recent years,researchers have found that cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61(Cyr61,also known as CCN1)has a potential role in reducing portal inflammation in patients with PBC.This study aimed to explore the relationship between Cyr61 and PBC to provide new ideas and an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of PBC.Methods:After induction of the overexpression of Cyr61 in a mouse model of PBC using recombinant adenovirus,hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological scores were used to indicate intrahepatic inflammation and bile duct damage.Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in inflammation-related cytokines in the liver.To further study the mechanism,we assessed whether Cyr61 protects bile duct epithelial cells from cytotoxic effects.Results:Serum and hepatic Cyr61 levels were increased in the murine model of PBC.Overexpression of Cyr61 alleviated hepatic inflammation and bile duct injury in vivo.Cyr61 inhibited the cytotoxic effects of CD8^(+)T cells by acting on biliary epithelial cells(BECs)in vitro.Conclusion:Our results provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of PBC and suggest that Cyr61 plays a dominant role in the cytotoxic effects on BECs in PBC.Consequently,therapeutic strategies targeting Cyr61 could be a potent therapy for PBC.
基金the support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB4000505)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFS0301)。
文摘Accidents in chemical production usually result in fatal injury,economic loss and negative social impact.Chemical accident reports which record past accident information,contain a large amount of expert knowledge.However,manually finding out the key factors causing accidents needs reading and analyzing of numerous accident reports,which is time-consuming and labor intensive.Herein,in this paper,a semiautomatic method based on natural language process(NLP)technology is developed to construct a knowledge graph of chemical accidents.Firstly,we build a named entity recognition(NER)model using SoftLexicon(simplify the usage of lexicon)+BERT-Transformer-CRF(conditional random field)to automatically extract the accident information and risk factors.The risk factors leading to accident in chemical accident reports are divided into five categories:human,machine,material,management,and environment.Through analysis of the extraction results of different chemical industries and different accident types,corresponding accident prevention suggestions are given.Secondly,based on the definition of classes and hierarchies of information in chemical accident reports,the seven-step method developed at Stanford University is used to construct the ontology-based chemical accident knowledge description model.Finally,the ontology knowledge description model is imported into the graph database Neo4j,and the knowledge graph is constructed to realize the structu red storage of chemical accident knowledge.In the case of information extraction from 290 Chinese chemical accident reports,SoftLexicon+BERT-Transformer-CRF shows the best extraction performance among nine experimental models.Demonstrating that the method developed in the current work can be a promising tool in obtaining the factors causing accidents,which contributes to intelligent accident analysis and auxiliary accident prevention.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(No.31970217)the One-Hundred Talents Program of Shanxi Provincethe Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2019L0070)。
文摘We detailed the valve morphology of five new species of diatom genus Nupela from wetwall communities in Yunnan Province,China,with light and scanning electron microscope.The five new species demonstrate great variability within the genus,as three of them are biraphid and two are monoraphid.In addition,variation was noted in the structure of internal proximal raphe ends,with some species having anchor-shaped ends and other species have hooked ends.The genus Nupela has grown considerably in 30years since it was first proposed,going from a monotypic genus to over 85 taxa.Diagnosis of the genus is based on the presence of an external covering over the areolae.We discussed the systematic placement of Nupela within the naviculoid diatoms.Yunnan Province appears to harbor many endemic diatom taxa,and many regions of the province have yet to be studied.
基金supported by the“Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan”Basic Research Field of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(19JC1410500)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91645110)。
文摘The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)into high-value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to mitigate global warming.However,it remains a significant stumbling block to the rationally tuning lattice plane of the catalyst with high activity to produce the target product in the eCO_(2)RR process.To attempt to solve this problem,the Culn bimetallic alloy nanocatalyst with specifically exposed lattice planes is modulated and electrodeposited on the nitrogen-doped porous carbon cloth by a simple two-step electrodeposition method,which induces high Faraday efficiency of 80%towards HCOO-(FEHCOO-)with a partial current density of 13.84 mA cm-2at-1.05 V(vs.RHE).Systematic characterizations and theoretical modeling reveal that the specific coexposed Culn(200)and In(101)lattice facets selectively adsorbed the key intermediate of OCHO*,reducing the overpotential of HCOOH and boosting the FEHCOO-in a wide potential window(-0.65--1.25 V).Moreover,a homogeneous distribution of Culn nanoparticles with an average diameter of merely~3.19 nm affords exposure to abundant active sites,meanwhile prohibiting detachment and agglomeration of nanoparticles during eCO_(2)RR for enhanced stability attributing to the self-assembly electrode strategy.This study highlights the synergistic effect between catalytic activity and facet effect,which opens a new route in surface engineering to tune their electrocatalytic performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600449Nantong Science and Technology Bureau,No.MS22018007,No.MSZ18130,and No.JCZ18036+2 种基金Six Peak Talents in Jiangsu Province,No.YY-177Project of Jiangsu Province Youth Medical Talent Development,No.QNRC2016400and Project of Nantong Youth Medical Talent Development,No.05.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate-like lymphocytes involved in inflammatory liver disease,and their potential role in liver failure remains unclear.AIM To investigate alteration of circulating MAIT cells and assess its prognostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver failure.METHODS We recruited 55 patients with HBV-related liver failure,48 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 40 healthy controls(HCs)from Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated,and the percentage and number of circulating MAIT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-7,IL-12p70,IL-18 and interferon-αwere measured by Luminex assay.RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were significantly decreased in HBV-related liver failure patients(percentage:2.00±1.22 vs 5.19±1.27%,P<0.0001;number:5.47±4.93 vs 84.43±19.59,P<0.0001)compared with HCs.More importantly,there was a significant reduction of MAIT cells in patients with middle/late-stage compared with early-stage liver failure.Circulating MAIT cells partially recovered after disease improvement,both in percentage(4.01±1.21 vs 2.04±0.95%,P<0.0001)and in cell count(17.24±8.56 vs 7.41±4.99,P<0.0001).The proportion(2.29±1.01 vs 1.58±1.38%,P<0.05)and number(7.30±5.70 vs 2.94±1.47,P<0.001)of circulating MAIT cells were significantly higher in the survival group than in the dead/liver transplantation group,and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that lower expression of circulating MAIT cells(both percentage and cell count)predicted poor overall survival(P<0.01).Also,the levels of IL-12(20.26±5.42 pg/mL vs 17.76±2.79 pg/mL,P=0.01)and IL-18(1470.05±1525.38 pg/mL vs 362.99±109.64 pg/mL,P<0.0001)were dramatically increased in HBV-related liver failure patients compared with HCs.CONCLUSION Circulating MAIT cells may play an important role in the process of HBV-related liver failure and can be an important prognostic marker.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071372(to AL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2021A1515011231(to AL)+1 种基金Outstanding Scholar Program of Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)of China,No.2018GZR110102002(to KFS and AL)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to KFS and AL).
文摘Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.
基金supported by Major Project of National Social Science Fund[Grant No.22ZDA108].
文摘The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digital technologies,and energy,the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions has not received sufficient attention in the literature.Meanwhile,although cities are the basic units for carbon emission reduction policies,few studies have explored carbon emissions at the city level in China.This study investigates the spatial correlation and spillover effects of the digital economy development on carbon emission reduction in 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019.The proposed approach relies on Moran’s I test and the spatial Durbin model(SDM).First,the study’s results show that carbon emissions are more severe in industry-intensive cities in northeast and central China than in the eastern coast during the sample period.Second,the development of the digital economy is conducive to reducing carbon emissions.Third,Moran’s I and SDM tests find that the digital economy has a significant spatial effect on carbon emissions,with a close spatial connection between cities.Based on the above findings,this study offers relevant policy recommendations and suggestions for realizing China's carbon neutrality goal.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51871187)Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2020YFG0140)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2682019LK04)。
文摘The heterogeneous magnesium(Mg) matrix nanocomposite with dispersed soft phase exhibits high strength and toughness. Herein, the deformation behavior and failure process were investigated to reveal the unique mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous microstructure under compression. The extensive plastic deformation is accompanied by the flattening and tilting of the soft phase, inhibiting strain localization and leading to strain hardening. Moreover, a stable crack multiplication process is activated, which endows high damage tolerance to the heterogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposites. The final failure of the composite is caused by crack coalescence in the shear plane along a tortuous path. The presence of dispersed soft phases within the hard matrix induces a noticeable change in mechanical response. Especially,the malleability of the heterogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposite is two and ten times higher than that of pure Mg and the homogeneous Mg matrix nanocomposite, respectively. The current study provides a novel strategy to break the trade-off between strength and toughness in metal matrix nanocomposites.
文摘The effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern,but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention.Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogenicity and caused symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting.Available data have shown that human coronaviruses,including the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2,mainly infect the respiratory system and cause symptoms such as cough and fever,while they may generate gastrointestinal symptoms.However,there is little about the relation between coronavirus and digestive system.This review specifically addresses the effects of mammalian and human coronaviruses,including SARS-CoV-2,on the digestive tract,helping to cope with the new virus infection-induced disease,COVID-19.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672344, 31501885)
文摘A new species of Argidae is described from Zhejiang, China: Athermantus melanoptera Wei sp. nov. This new species is similar to A. leucopilosus Wen & Wei, 2002, but differs from it by the body hairs black;the upper of hind orbit clearly broader than eye in lateral view;pterostigma entirely black;vein R of fore wing clearly shorter than vein R+M;valviceps of penis valve narrow and hardly oblique, about 3.5 times as long as broad. A key to species of Athermantus Kirby, 1882 is also provided.
文摘The effect of LiF thickness on the electrical and luminescent characteristics in OLEDs has been studied by carefully varying thickness value range from 0 nm to 1.2 nm. It’s interesting to find that the device with 0.2 nm LiF layer performs the largest current and comparative lower luminescent efficiency, while the one with 0.6 nm LiF performs another current peak (lower than that of device with 0.2 nm LiF layer) but the highest luminescent efficiency in all devices. Here the much enhanced electron injection and destructive efficiency for 0.2 nm LiF device are understood by the chemical interaction model at cathode interface, while the fairly increased electron injection and much improved efficiency for 0.6 nm LiF device would be interpreted by other mechanisms, and LiF plays a protective part in preventing the deposition-induce photoluminescence from quenching by Al cathode.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.22K06ESPCT)a scholarship from Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation,and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.2022QNYL25).
文摘H_(2)O_(2) was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells(MRCs)coupled with thermolytic solutions,which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical energy.To determine the optimal cathode and membrane stack configurations for H_(2)O_(2) production,different catalysts,catalyst loadings and numbers of membrane cell pairs were tested.Carbon black(CB)outperformed activated carbon(AC)for H_(2)O_(2) production,although AC showed higher catalytic activity for oxygen reduction.The optimum CB loading was 10 mg/cm^(2) in terms of both the H_(2)O_(2) production rate and power production.The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three based on a tradeoff between H_(2)O_(2) production and capital costs.A H_(2)O_(2) production rate as high as 0.99±0.10 mmol/(L·h)was achieved with 10 mg/cm^(2) CB loading and 3 cell pairs,where the H_(2)O_(2) recovery efficiency was 52±2%and the maximum power density was 780±37 mW/m^(2).Increasing the number of cell pairs to five resulted in an increase in maximum power density(980±21 mW/m^(2))but showed limited effects on H_(2)O_(2) production.These results indicated that MRCs can be an efficient method for sustainable H_(2)O_(2) production.
文摘Objective: To investigate the correlation of serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content with malignant proliferation of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer. Methods:Superficial gastritis group (n=247), gastric ulcer group (n=159) and gastric cancer group (n=97) who were pathologically diagnosed by gastroscopy in Chongqing wanzhou district people's hospital of 5 between August 2016 and August 2017 were selected, and the differences in serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content as well as proliferation and apoptosis gene expression in lesion tissue were compared among the three groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content with malignant proliferation activity of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer. Results: Serum pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content in gastric cancer group were lower than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group. Proliferation genes EIF5A2, MACF1 and PIK3CD mRNA expression levels in gastric cancer group were higher than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group whereas SIRT1 mRNA expression level was lower than that in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group;apoptosis gene Livin mRNA expression level was higher than that in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group whereas Bad and Noxa mRNA expression levels were lower than those in gastric ulcer group and superficial gastritis group;serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content in gastric cancer group were negatively correlated with EIF5A2, MACF1, PIK3CD and Livin mRNA expression levels, and positively correlated with SIRT1, Bad and Noxa mRNA expression levels. Conclusion: The serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17 content abnormally reduce in patients with gastric cancer, and the specific levels are directly correlated with gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42322105 and 42071082)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0608503)+5 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0605)State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(SKLCS-ZZ-2023)Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)Longyuan and Outstanding YouthFund of Gansu Province(23JRRA612).supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research,Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie(101023635)Ocean Frontier Institute iPDF Canada First fund。
文摘Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and ecosystems.From the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its limits.The projected increase of plastic production and waste generation over the coming years makes the situation even more daunting.Even after stagnation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the global plastic production has also increased from 335 to 391 million metric tons(Mt)between 2016 and 2021(Fig.S1 online);yet currently post-consumer recycled and bio-based/attributed plastics only accounts~9%of the world’s plastic production[1].Statistically.
