The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unc...The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E.necator infection.In the present study,we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E.necator,which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane.Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves.We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E.necator pathogenicity,which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f(cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit),affecting plant photosynthesis.Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production,and the plant resistance to powdery mildew.In addition,CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE(pectinesterase)to promote pectin degradation.Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E.necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane,which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.展开更多
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs）, PPARt,, PPARβ/δ and PPARy, are ligand-activated transcriptional factors, which belong to the nuclear receptor super family and play crucial roles in glucose...The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs）, PPARt,, PPARβ/δ and PPARy, are ligand-activated transcriptional factors, which belong to the nuclear receptor super family and play crucial roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on the impressive advantages ofPPAR agonists （like TZD and fibrate compounds） in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diebetes, PPAR modulators have doubtlessly grabbed much more attention. However, serious clinical adverse effects, especially for PPARy agonists, hinder the development of PPAR agonist, Therefore, the selectivity and safety would be the key points and have been taken into the consideration for novel generation PPAR agonist research, and then several dual- or pan-PPAR modulators have emerged. Furthermore, experimental study indicates that partial agonists can neutralize the side effect and achieve modest therapeutic effect. This review summaries structural features of PPAR receptors, illustrates the method of PPAR modulator design, then lists and analyzes recent dual- and nan- agonists展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972986,32272670)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi province(2023-YBNY-059).
文摘The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E.necator infection.In the present study,we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E.necator,which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane.Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves.We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E.necator pathogenicity,which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f(cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit),affecting plant photosynthesis.Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production,and the plant resistance to powdery mildew.In addition,CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE(pectinesterase)to promote pectin degradation.Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E.necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane,which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21562033)
文摘The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs）, PPARt,, PPARβ/δ and PPARy, are ligand-activated transcriptional factors, which belong to the nuclear receptor super family and play crucial roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on the impressive advantages ofPPAR agonists （like TZD and fibrate compounds） in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diebetes, PPAR modulators have doubtlessly grabbed much more attention. However, serious clinical adverse effects, especially for PPARy agonists, hinder the development of PPAR agonist, Therefore, the selectivity and safety would be the key points and have been taken into the consideration for novel generation PPAR agonist research, and then several dual- or pan-PPAR modulators have emerged. Furthermore, experimental study indicates that partial agonists can neutralize the side effect and achieve modest therapeutic effect. This review summaries structural features of PPAR receptors, illustrates the method of PPAR modulator design, then lists and analyzes recent dual- and nan- agonists
