Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the high theoretical capacity,low cost and intrinsic safety.However,zinc dendrites,hydroge...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the high theoretical capacity,low cost and intrinsic safety.However,zinc dendrites,hydrogen evolution reaction,surface passivation and other side reactions will inevitably occur during the charging and discharging process of Zn anode,which will seriously affect the cycle stability of the battery and hinder its practical application.The etching strategy of Zn anode has attracted wide attention because of its simple operation and broad commercial prospects,and the etched Zn anode can effectively improve its electrochemical performance.However,there is no comprehensive review of the etching strategy of Zn anode.This review first summarizes the challenges faced by Zn anode,then puts forward the etching mechanisms and properties of acid,salt and other etchants.Finally,based on the above discussion,the challenges and opportunities of Zn anode etching strategy are proposed.展开更多
A series of rare earth hydroxide and oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by precipitation method with alcohol as the dispersive and protective reagent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that th...A series of rare earth hydroxide and oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by precipitation method with alcohol as the dispersive and protective reagent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that the particles are spherical in shape and smaller than 100 nm in size. The crystallite sizes of cubic Ln2O3 have lanthanide shrinking effect, while average crystal lattice distortion rates possess lanthanide swelling effect. The diffraction peak intensity of heavy rare earth oxide nanometer powders is remarkably stronger than that of light rare earth oxide nanometer powders. The variation of diffraction intensity with atomic number presents an inverted W type, forming a double peak structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrums reveal that Ln2O3 nanopowders have higher surface activity than that of ordinary Ln2O3 powders. The UV-vis spectra show that Ln-O bond of these particles is slightly blue-shifted, and its absorption intensity decreases.展开更多
[Zn(CH3COO)2 + PVP]/[C2H5O)4Si + PVP]/[SnCl4 + PVP]/[Ti(OC4H9)4 + CH3COOH + PVP] precursor composite fibers have been fabricated through self-made electrospinning equipment via electrospinning tech-nique. ZnO/SiO2/SnO...[Zn(CH3COO)2 + PVP]/[C2H5O)4Si + PVP]/[SnCl4 + PVP]/[Ti(OC4H9)4 + CH3COOH + PVP] precursor composite fibers have been fabricated through self-made electrospinning equipment via electrospinning tech-nique. ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TG-DTA analysis reveals that solvents, organic compounds and inorganic in the precursor composite fibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the mass of the samples kept constant when sintering temperature was above 900?C, and the total mass loss percentage is 88%. XRD results show that the precursor composite fibers are amorphous in structure, and pure phase ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 com-posite nanofibers are obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. FTIR analysis manifests that pure inorganic oxides are formed. SEM analysis indicates that the width of the precursor composite fibers is ca. 1.485 ± 0.043 μm. The width of the ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers is ca. 1145.098 ± 68.093 nm.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)has presented its inherent application value in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,single-functional photothermal materials cannot meet the precise diagnosis and treatment of cance r.Therefo re,it ...Photothermal therapy(PTT)has presented its inherent application value in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,single-functional photothermal materials cannot meet the precise diagnosis and treatment of cance r.Therefo re,it is important to design a nanocomposite that has both high therapeutic efficiency and multimodal imaging capabilities.In our work,a new nanostructure of gold nanorods(AuNRs)with silver shells decorated by BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticle was synthesized by a simple way.The biostability of AuNRs is increased by coating with silver shells,and the AuNR@Ag nanoparticles can be used as excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)probe.Moreover,the modification of BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticles provides the possibility of real-time optical imaging of the tumor area.Under the irradiation of NIR laser,the AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanocomposites(NCs)have strong upconversion emission and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency.Meanwhile,the NCs show low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility in MTT cytotoxicity test.Moreover,the NCs are also exceptional contrast agents for CT imaging.For in vitro photothermal therapy test,NCs show excellent killing efficiency on tumor cells.Therefore,the multifaceted research of AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)multifunctional nanomaterials provides a break for high-efficiency tumor photothermal therapy and multimodal imaging.展开更多
Coupling effect of chemical composition and physical structure is a key factor to construct superaerophobic electrodes.Almost all reports about superaerophobic electrodes were aimed at precisely controlling morphology...Coupling effect of chemical composition and physical structure is a key factor to construct superaerophobic electrodes.Almost all reports about superaerophobic electrodes were aimed at precisely controlling morphology of loaded materials(constructing specific structure)and ignored the due role of substrate.Nevertheless,in this work,by using high precision and controllable femtosecond laser,hierarchical micro-nano structures with superaerophobic properties were constructed on the surface of silicon substrate(fs-Si),and such special super-wettability could be successfully inherited to subsequent self-supporting electrodes through chemical synthesis.Femtosecond laser processing endowed electrodes with high electrochemical surface area,strong physical structure,and remarkable superaerophobic efficacy.As an unconventional processing method,the reconstructed morphology of substrate surface bears the responsibility of superaerophobicity,thus liberating the structural constraints on loaded materials.Since this key of coupling effect is transferred from the loaded materials to substrate,we provided a new general scheme for synthesizing superaerophobic electrodes.The successful introduction of femtosecond laser will open a new idea to synthesize self-supporting electrodes for gas-involving reactions.展开更多
Eu^(3+) ions were grafted onto the surface of electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers through coordination effect between C≡N groups on PAN nanofibers and Eu^(3+) ions,and benzoic acid(BA)was introduced as an as...Eu^(3+) ions were grafted onto the surface of electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers through coordination effect between C≡N groups on PAN nanofibers and Eu^(3+) ions,and benzoic acid(BA)was introduced as an assistant ligand.The impacts of concentrations of Eu^(3+) ions and BA,and reaction time on the properties of final products were investigated.The results reveal that Eu^(3+) ions can be successfully grafted onto PAN nanofibers,but the fluorescence intensity of the obtained PAN@Eu^(3+) nanofibers is very weak.After BA is introduced as the assistant ligand,the fluorescence intensity of the obtained PAN@(Eu^(3+)/BA)nanofibers is greatly stronger than that of PAN@Eu^(3+)nanofibers,and meanwhile,concentration quenching effect of Eu^(3+) ions can be effectively restrained.Furthermore,the superior structure of PAN@(Eu^(3+)/BA)nanofibers not only brings the effective utilization of precious elemental europium,but also guarantees high mechanical strength.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province (JJKH20230803KJ)。
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the high theoretical capacity,low cost and intrinsic safety.However,zinc dendrites,hydrogen evolution reaction,surface passivation and other side reactions will inevitably occur during the charging and discharging process of Zn anode,which will seriously affect the cycle stability of the battery and hinder its practical application.The etching strategy of Zn anode has attracted wide attention because of its simple operation and broad commercial prospects,and the etched Zn anode can effectively improve its electrochemical performance.However,there is no comprehensive review of the etching strategy of Zn anode.This review first summarizes the challenges faced by Zn anode,then puts forward the etching mechanisms and properties of acid,salt and other etchants.Finally,based on the above discussion,the challenges and opportunities of Zn anode etching strategy are proposed.
文摘A series of rare earth hydroxide and oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by precipitation method with alcohol as the dispersive and protective reagent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that the particles are spherical in shape and smaller than 100 nm in size. The crystallite sizes of cubic Ln2O3 have lanthanide shrinking effect, while average crystal lattice distortion rates possess lanthanide swelling effect. The diffraction peak intensity of heavy rare earth oxide nanometer powders is remarkably stronger than that of light rare earth oxide nanometer powders. The variation of diffraction intensity with atomic number presents an inverted W type, forming a double peak structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrums reveal that Ln2O3 nanopowders have higher surface activity than that of ordinary Ln2O3 powders. The UV-vis spectra show that Ln-O bond of these particles is slightly blue-shifted, and its absorption intensity decreases.
文摘[Zn(CH3COO)2 + PVP]/[C2H5O)4Si + PVP]/[SnCl4 + PVP]/[Ti(OC4H9)4 + CH3COOH + PVP] precursor composite fibers have been fabricated through self-made electrospinning equipment via electrospinning tech-nique. ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TG-DTA analysis reveals that solvents, organic compounds and inorganic in the precursor composite fibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the mass of the samples kept constant when sintering temperature was above 900?C, and the total mass loss percentage is 88%. XRD results show that the precursor composite fibers are amorphous in structure, and pure phase ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 com-posite nanofibers are obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. FTIR analysis manifests that pure inorganic oxides are formed. SEM analysis indicates that the width of the precursor composite fibers is ca. 1.485 ± 0.043 μm. The width of the ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers is ca. 1145.098 ± 68.093 nm.
基金Project supported by National key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0705204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51072026,51573023,51802027)。
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)has presented its inherent application value in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,single-functional photothermal materials cannot meet the precise diagnosis and treatment of cance r.Therefo re,it is important to design a nanocomposite that has both high therapeutic efficiency and multimodal imaging capabilities.In our work,a new nanostructure of gold nanorods(AuNRs)with silver shells decorated by BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticle was synthesized by a simple way.The biostability of AuNRs is increased by coating with silver shells,and the AuNR@Ag nanoparticles can be used as excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)probe.Moreover,the modification of BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticles provides the possibility of real-time optical imaging of the tumor area.Under the irradiation of NIR laser,the AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanocomposites(NCs)have strong upconversion emission and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency.Meanwhile,the NCs show low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility in MTT cytotoxicity test.Moreover,the NCs are also exceptional contrast agents for CT imaging.For in vitro photothermal therapy test,NCs show excellent killing efficiency on tumor cells.Therefore,the multifaceted research of AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)multifunctional nanomaterials provides a break for high-efficiency tumor photothermal therapy and multimodal imaging.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21601018,51976015,51902029,61605017,and 51573023)the Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Jilin Province(Nos.20200201534JC,20200201250JC,20190103035JH,and 20200201234JC)+2 种基金Jilin Association for Science and Technology(No.QT202003)the Science and Technology Research Planning Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(Nos.JJKH20210801KJ and JJKH20200745KJ)Project of Education Department in Jilin Province(Nos.20190586KJ and 20190552KJ).
文摘Coupling effect of chemical composition and physical structure is a key factor to construct superaerophobic electrodes.Almost all reports about superaerophobic electrodes were aimed at precisely controlling morphology of loaded materials(constructing specific structure)and ignored the due role of substrate.Nevertheless,in this work,by using high precision and controllable femtosecond laser,hierarchical micro-nano structures with superaerophobic properties were constructed on the surface of silicon substrate(fs-Si),and such special super-wettability could be successfully inherited to subsequent self-supporting electrodes through chemical synthesis.Femtosecond laser processing endowed electrodes with high electrochemical surface area,strong physical structure,and remarkable superaerophobic efficacy.As an unconventional processing method,the reconstructed morphology of substrate surface bears the responsibility of superaerophobicity,thus liberating the structural constraints on loaded materials.Since this key of coupling effect is transferred from the loaded materials to substrate,we provided a new general scheme for synthesizing superaerophobic electrodes.The successful introduction of femtosecond laser will open a new idea to synthesize self-supporting electrodes for gas-involving reactions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51573023,51803012)。
文摘Eu^(3+) ions were grafted onto the surface of electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers through coordination effect between C≡N groups on PAN nanofibers and Eu^(3+) ions,and benzoic acid(BA)was introduced as an assistant ligand.The impacts of concentrations of Eu^(3+) ions and BA,and reaction time on the properties of final products were investigated.The results reveal that Eu^(3+) ions can be successfully grafted onto PAN nanofibers,but the fluorescence intensity of the obtained PAN@Eu^(3+) nanofibers is very weak.After BA is introduced as the assistant ligand,the fluorescence intensity of the obtained PAN@(Eu^(3+)/BA)nanofibers is greatly stronger than that of PAN@Eu^(3+)nanofibers,and meanwhile,concentration quenching effect of Eu^(3+) ions can be effectively restrained.Furthermore,the superior structure of PAN@(Eu^(3+)/BA)nanofibers not only brings the effective utilization of precious elemental europium,but also guarantees high mechanical strength.
