All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to th...All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to the development of FIBs lies in room-temperature electrolytes with high ionic conductivity.β-KSbF_(4) is a kind of promising solid-state electrolyte for FIBs owing to its rational ionic conductivity and relatively wide electrochemical stability window at room temperature.However,the previous synthesis routes ofβ-KSbF_(4) required the use of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and the ionic conductivity of as-prepared product needs to be further improved.Herein,the β-KSbF_(4) sample with an ionic conductivity of 1.04×10^(-4)s cm^(-1)(30°C)is synthesized through the simple solid-state route.In order to account for the high ionic conductivity of the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)are used to characterize the physic-ochemical properties.The results show that the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4) exhibits higher carrier concentra-tion of 1.0×10^(-6)S cm-Hz^(-1)K and hopping frequency of 1.31×10^(6)Hz at 30°C due to the formation of the fluorine vacancies.Meanwhile,the hopping frequency shows the same trend as the changes of ionic conductivity with the changes of temperature,while the carrier concentration is found to be almost con-stant.The two different trends indicate the hopping frequency is mainly responsible for the ionic conduc-tion behavior withinβ-KSbF_(4).Furthermore,the all-solid-state FIBs,in which Ag and Pb+PbF_(2) are adopted as cathode and anode,andβ-KSbF_(4) as fluoride ion conductor,are capable of reversible charge and discharge.The assembled FIBs show a discharge capacity of 108.4 mA h g^(-1) at 1st cycle and 74.2 mA h g^(-1) at 50th cycle.Based on an examination of the capacity decay mechanism,it has been found that deterioration of the electrolyte/electrode interface is an important reason for hindering the commer-cial application of FIBs.Hence,the in-depth comprehension of the ion transport characteristics inβ-KSbF_(4) and the interpretation of the capacity fading mechanism will be conducive to promoting development of high-performanceFIBs.展开更多
The development of insertion-type anodes is the key to designing“rocking chair”zinc-ion batteries.However,there is rare report on high mass loading anode with high performances.Here,{001}-oriented Bi OCl nanosheets ...The development of insertion-type anodes is the key to designing“rocking chair”zinc-ion batteries.However,there is rare report on high mass loading anode with high performances.Here,{001}-oriented Bi OCl nanosheets with Sn doping are proposed as a promising insertion-type anode.The designs of cross-linked CNTs conductive network,{001}-oriented nanosheet,and Sn doping significantly enhance ion/electron transport,proved via experimental tests and theoretical calculations(density of states and diffusion barrier).The H^(+)/Zn^(2+)synergistic co-insertion mechanism is proved via ex situ XRD,Raman,XPS,and SEM tests.Accordingly,this optimized electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 194 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)with a voltage of≈0.37 V and an impressive cyclability with 128 m A h g^(-1)over 2500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also shows satisfactory performances at an ultrahigh mass loading of 10 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,the Sn-Bi OCl//MnO_(2)full cell displays a reversible capacity of 85 m A h g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)during cyclic test.展开更多
Lithium-rich manganese-based materials(LRMs) are promising cathode for high-energy-density lithiumion batteries due to their high capacity,low toxicity,and low cost.However,LRMs suffer from serious voltage decay and c...Lithium-rich manganese-based materials(LRMs) are promising cathode for high-energy-density lithiumion batteries due to their high capacity,low toxicity,and low cost.However,LRMs suffer from serious voltage decay and capacity fade due to continual migration and dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs) during cycling process.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to inhibit the TMs migration of LRMs through a modified separator by means of functionalized carbon coating layer,which depends on the chemical constraint of the abundant functional groups in the modified super P.In addition,it has been found that the dissolution of TMs can be restrained based on the Le Chatelier's principle.Moreover,the modified separator owns good wettability toward the electrolyte.As a result,the LRMs cathode with the modified separator delivers a high discharge capacity of 329.93 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C,and achieves good cyclic performance,the enhanced reaction kinetics and low voltage decay.Therefore,this work provides a new idea to promote the comprehensive electrochemical performances of Li-ion batteries with LRMs cathode through a strategy of separator modification.展开更多
The high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide(LMO)is highly limited by the electrochemical polarization resulting from the slow kinetic of the Li2MnO3 phase.Herein,the Prussian blue(PB)coating layer with specifi...The high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide(LMO)is highly limited by the electrochemical polarization resulting from the slow kinetic of the Li2MnO3 phase.Herein,the Prussian blue(PB)coating layer with specific redox potential is introduced as a functionalized interface to overcome the side effect and the escaping of O on the surface of LMO,especially its poor rate capability.In detail,the PB layer can restrict the large polarization of LMO by sharing overloaded current at a high rate due to the synchronous redox of PB and LMO.Consequently,an enhanced high rate performance with capacity retention of 87.8%over 300 cycles is obtained,which is superior to 50.5%of the pristine electrode.Such strategies on the high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide compatible with good low-rate performances may attract great attention for pursuing durable performances.展开更多
Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated ...Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.展开更多
As a promising energy-storage device,the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor coupling with both a large energy density battery-type anode and a high power density capacitor-type cathode is attracting great attention.For the ...As a promising energy-storage device,the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor coupling with both a large energy density battery-type anode and a high power density capacitor-type cathode is attracting great attention.For the sake of improving the energy density of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor,the free-standing anodes with good electrochemical performance are essential.Herein,we design an effective electrospinning strategy to prepare free-standing MnS/Co4S3/Ni3S2/Ni/C-nanofibers(TMSs/Ni/C-NFs)film and firstly use it as a binder-free anode for hybrid lithium-ion capacitor.We find that the carbon nanofibers can availably prevent MnS/Co4S3/Ni3S2/Ni nanoparticles from aggregation as well as significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Therefore,the binder-free TMSs/Ni/C-NFs membrane displays an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1246.9 m Ah g-1at 100 m A g-1,excellent rate capability(398 mAh g-1 at2000 mA g-1),and long-term cyclic endurance.Besides,we further assemble the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor,which exhibits a high energy density of 182.0 Wh kg-1at 121.1 W kg-1(19.0 Wh kg-1 at 3512.5 W kg-1)and remarkable cycle life.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped TiO_2–C composite nanofibers(TiO_2/N–C NFs) were manufactured by a convenient and green electrospinning technique in which urea acted as both the nitrogen source and a pore-forming agent. The TiO_2/N...Nitrogen-doped TiO_2–C composite nanofibers(TiO_2/N–C NFs) were manufactured by a convenient and green electrospinning technique in which urea acted as both the nitrogen source and a pore-forming agent. The TiO_2/N–C NFs exhibit a large specific surface area(213.04 m^2 g^(-1)) and a suitable nitrogen content(5.37 wt%). The large specific surface area can increase the contribution of the extrinsic pseudocapacitance, which greatly enhances the rate capability. Further, the diffusion coefficient of sodium ions(DNa_+) could be greatly improved by the incorporation of nitrogen atoms. Thus, the TiO_2/N–C NFs display excellent electrochemical properties in Na-ion batteries. A TiO_2/N–C NF anode delivers a high reversible discharge capacity of 265.8 mAh g^(-1) at 0.05 A g^(-1) and an outstanding long cycling performance even at a high current density(118.1 m Ah g^(-1)) with almost no capacity decay at 5 A g^(-1) over 2000 cycles. Therefore, this work sheds light on the application of TiO_2-based materials in sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the backg...Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.展开更多
FeF3·0.33H2O crystallizes in hexagonal tungsten bronze structure with more opened hexagonal cavities are considered as next generation electrode materials of both lithium ion battery and sodium ion battery.In thi...FeF3·0.33H2O crystallizes in hexagonal tungsten bronze structure with more opened hexagonal cavities are considered as next generation electrode materials of both lithium ion battery and sodium ion battery.In this paper the mesoporous spherical FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal approach. Galvanostatic measurement showed that the performances of sodium ion batteries（SIBs） using FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs as cathode material were highly dependent on the morphology and size of the as-prepared materials. Benefitting from the special mesoporous structure features, FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibits much better electrochemical performances in terms of initial discharge capacity（350.4 mAh g-1） and cycle performance（123.5 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C range from 1.0 V to 4.0 V） as well as rate capacity（123.8 mAh g-1 after 25 cycles back to 0.1 C）. The excellent electrochemical performance enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the mesoporous structure and the MWCNTs conductive network, which can effectively increase the contact area between the active materials and the electrolyte, shorten the Na＋ diffusion pathway,buffer the volume change during cycling/discharge process and improve the structure stability of the FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite.展开更多
Among the many strategies to fabricate the silicon/carbon composite,yolk/double-shells structure can be regarded as an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic defects of Si-based anode materials for Li-ion batter...Among the many strategies to fabricate the silicon/carbon composite,yolk/double-shells structure can be regarded as an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic defects of Si-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Hereon,a facile and inexpensive technology to prepare silicon/carbon composite with yolk/double-shells structure is proposed,in which the double buffering carbon shells are fabricated.The silicon/carbon nanoparticles with core-shell structure are encapsulated by SiO_(2)and external carbon layer,and it shows the yolk/double-shells structure via etching the SiO_(2)sacrificial layer.The multiply shells structure not only significantly improves the electrical conductivity of composite,but also effectively prevents the exposure of Si particles from the electrolyte composition.Meanwhile,the yolk/double-shells structure can provide enough space to accommodate the volume change of the electrode during charge/discharge process and avoid the pulverization of Si particles.Moreover,the as-prepared YDS-Si/C shows excellent performance as anode of LIBs,the reversible capacity is as high as 1066 mA h g^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 A g^(-1) after 200 cycles.At the same time,the YDS-Si/C has high capacity retention and good cyclic stability.Therefore,the unique architecture design of yolk/double-shells for Si/C composite provides an instructive exploration for the development of next generation anode materials of LIBs with high electrochemical performances and structural stability.展开更多
Low-cost preparation methods for cathodes with high capacity and long cycle life are crucial for commercializing potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Presently,the charging/discharging strain that develops in the active cath...Low-cost preparation methods for cathodes with high capacity and long cycle life are crucial for commercializing potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Presently,the charging/discharging strain that develops in the active cathode material of PIBs causes cracks in the particles,leading to a sharp capacity fade.Here,to abate the strain release and the need for an industrially relevant process,a simple low-cost co-precipitation method for synthesizing yolk-shell P3-type K_(0.5)[Mn_(0.85)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.05)]O_(2) (YS-KMNC)was reported.As cathode material for PIBs,the YS-KMNC delivers a high reversible capacity(96 mAh g^(-1) at 20 mA g^(-1))and excellent cycle stability(80.5%retention over 400 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA g^(-1)).More importantly,a full battery assembled with the YS-KMNC cathode and a commercial graphite anode exhibits a high operating voltage(0.5-3.4 V)and an excellent cycling performance(84.2%retention for 100 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1)).Considering the low-cost,simple production process and high performance of YS-KMNC cathode,this work could pave the way for the commercial development of PIBs.展开更多
Due to the high specific capacity and energy density, lithium–sulfur battery is regarded as a potential energy storage conversion system. However, the serious shuttle effect and the sluggish electrochemical reaction ...Due to the high specific capacity and energy density, lithium–sulfur battery is regarded as a potential energy storage conversion system. However, the serious shuttle effect and the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics impede the practical use of lithium–sulfur battery. In the interests of breaking through the above knotty problems, herein we propose to use the polar flower-like Zn O modified by Bi OI nanoparticles as bifunctional host with catalytic and adsorption ability for polysulfides in lithium–sulfur battery.It can be found that this adsorption/catalytic host integrates the functions of adsorption and mutual catalytic conversion of polysulfides, in which the polar flower-like Zn O can effectively capture the polysulfides through strong polar-polar interaction, simultaneously the BiOI nanoparticles can accelerate the mutual conversion of polysulfides to Li2 S through reducing the activation energy and conversion energy barrier required for the electrochemical reaction. As a result, under a sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm^(-2), the lithium–sulfur battery with Zn O/Bi OI/CNT/S as cathode reveals a considerable initial specific capacity of1267 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 0.1 C. Even the current density increased to 1 C, the capacity can reach as 873.4 mAh g^(-1), together with a good capacity retention of 67.1% after 400 cycles. Therefore,after systematically study the positive effects of the flower-like ZnO modified by catalytic BiOI nanoparticles on the adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides, this work provides a new idea for the development and application of high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries.展开更多
Citrus fruits produced in China are often affected by granulation.Granulation is an altered physiological state of citrus fruits occurring usually before harvest but whose underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this ...Citrus fruits produced in China are often affected by granulation.Granulation is an altered physiological state of citrus fruits occurring usually before harvest but whose underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,cDNA-AFLP technology enabled the identification of 116 granulation-associated genes in pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.Differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)were shown to be mainly involved in biological regulation and signal transduction,carbohydrate and energy metabolism,nucleic acid,protein metabolism,stress responses,and cell metabolism.Therefore,granulation in pummelo juice sacs seems to involve the following alterations:(1)changes in hormone levels;(2)activation of metabolic pathways related to ATP and sugar synthesis to produce more energy;(3)nucleic acid accumulation and increased protein degradation;(4)activation of stress-responsive metabolic pathways;(5)accelerated juice sac senescence.Our findings provide an overview of differential responses occurring at the transcriptional level in granulated juice sacs,thus revealing new insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying this altered physiological state in‘Guanximiyou'pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.展开更多
Strategic active site organization is imperative for the advancement of effective and long-lasting catalysts of oxygen reduction reactions.However,the controllable multi-active site design is a highly intricate topic ...Strategic active site organization is imperative for the advancement of effective and long-lasting catalysts of oxygen reduction reactions.However,the controllable multi-active site design is a highly intricate topic for catalyst synthesis.Employing pre-trapping and post-activation strategy,Fe-N bonding structure and S,Se functionalized heteroatom are integrated into a conductive porous carbon.In this process,the nitrogen-abundant polymer 1,3,5-triformylbenzene-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene(Tf-TAPA)adsorbs Fe^(3+)under the intrinsically metal anchoring ability of N atoms and simultaneously in-situ assembles longchain thiophene-S.Subsequently,the Fe^(3+)is transformed into Fe-N_(x)moieties with the conversion of the organic chain to incompletely graphitized carbon.Furthermore,the alteration of the electronic configuration achieved through the introduction of dual-atom S and Se leads to a pronounced enhancement in catalytic efficiency.Benefitting from the Fe-N_(x)bonding structure,dense structural defects,and conductive carbon networks,the resultant Fe-S,Se/NCNs possesses a positive half-wave potential of 0.86 V and a 90%current retention rate,outstripping the Pt/C benchmark.Moreover,the liquid and flexible ZAB driven by Fe-S,Se/NCNs achieves large power densities of 259.7 and 164.7 m W/cm^(2),respectively.This study provides a new comprehension in developing an efficient and stable M-N-C oxygen electrocatalyst.展开更多
Strong plasmonic focal spots, excited by radially polarized light on a smooth thin metallic film, have been widely applied to trap various micro-and nano-sized objects. However, the direct transmission part of the inc...Strong plasmonic focal spots, excited by radially polarized light on a smooth thin metallic film, have been widely applied to trap various micro-and nano-sized objects. However, the direct transmission part of the incident light leads to the scattering force exerted on trapped particles, which seriously affects the stability of the plasmonic trap.Here we employ a novel perfect radially polarized beam to solve this problem. Both theoretical and experimental results verify that such a beam could strongly suppress the directly transmitted light to reduce the piconewton scattering force, and an enhanced plasmonic trapping stiffness that is 2.6 times higher is achieved in experiments.The present work opens up new opportunities for a variety of research requiring the stable manipulations of particles.展开更多
Optical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects.More recently,the possibility of per...Optical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects.More recently,the possibility of performing manipulation with surface plasmons has opened opportunities not feasible with conventional far-field optical methods.The use of surface plasmon techniques enables excitation of hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength;with this confinement,the plasmonic field facilitates trapping of various nanostructures and materials with higher precision.The successful manipulation of small particles has fostered numerous and expanding applications.In this paper,we review the principles of and developments in plasmonic tweezers techniques,including both nanostructure-assisted platforms and structureless systems.Construction methods and evaluation criteria of the techniques are presented,aiming to provide a guide for the design and optimization of the systems.The most common novel applications of plasmonic tweezers,namely,sorting and transport,sensing and imaging,and especially those in a biological context,are critically discussed.Finally,we consider the future of the development and new potential applications of this technique and discuss prospects for its impact on science.展开更多
Polarization imaging finds applications in many areas, such as photoelasticity, ellipsometry, and biomedical imaging. A compact, snapshot, and high-efficiency imaging polarimeter is highly desirable for many applicati...Polarization imaging finds applications in many areas, such as photoelasticity, ellipsometry, and biomedical imaging. A compact, snapshot, and high-efficiency imaging polarimeter is highly desirable for many applications.Here, based on a single multifunctional geometric phase optical element(GPOE), a new method is proposed for high-efficiency snapshot imaging polarimetry. With tailored spatially varying orientation of each anisotropic unit cell, the GPOE works highly efficiently as both a spin sorter and a half-wave plate, enabling snapshot retrieving of a full Stokes vector of incident light. The designed GPOE is implemented in the form of liquid crystal fabricated with a photo-alignment technology, and its application in imaging polarimetry is experimentally demonstrated by retrieving full Stokes parameters of a cylinder vector beam. This method can also work in the form of plasmonic or dielectric metasurfaces, enabling ultra-compact polarization detection systems by monolithic integration with other devices such as metalenses.展开更多
Optical surface waves have widely been used in optical tweezers systems for trapping particles sized from the nanoto microscale,with specific importance and needs in applications of super-resolved detection and imagin...Optical surface waves have widely been used in optical tweezers systems for trapping particles sized from the nanoto microscale,with specific importance and needs in applications of super-resolved detection and imaging if a single particle can be trapped and manipulated accurately.However,it is difficult to achieve such trapping with high precision in conventional optical surface-wave tweezers.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method to accurately trap and dynamically manipulate a single particle or a desired number of particles in holographic optical surface-wave tweezers.By tailoring the optical potential wells formed by surface waves,we achieved trapping of the targeted single particle while pushing away all surrounding particles and further dynamically controlling the particle by a holographic tweezers beam.We also prove that different particle samples,including gold particles and biological cells,can be applied in our system.This method can be used for different-type optical surface-wave tweezers,with significant potential applications in single-particle spectroscopy,particle sorting,nano-assembly,and others.展开更多
Optical traps use focused laser beams to generate forces on targeted objects ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers. However, for their high coefficients of scattering and absorption, micrometer-sized metallic...Optical traps use focused laser beams to generate forces on targeted objects ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers. However, for their high coefficients of scattering and absorption, micrometer-sized metallic particles were deemed non-trappable in three dimensions using a single beam. This barrier is now removed. We demon- strate, both in theory and experiment, three-dimensional （3D） dynamic all-optical manipulations of micrometer- sized gold particles under high focusing conditions. The force of gravity is found to balance the positive axial optical force exerted on particles in an inverted optical tweezers system to form two trapping positions along the vertical direction. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm that stable 3D manipulations are achievable for these particles regardl for a variety of in-depth ess of beam polarization and wavelength. research requiting metallic particles. The present work opens up new opportunities .展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A2018)the China National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202310530059)。
文摘All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to the development of FIBs lies in room-temperature electrolytes with high ionic conductivity.β-KSbF_(4) is a kind of promising solid-state electrolyte for FIBs owing to its rational ionic conductivity and relatively wide electrochemical stability window at room temperature.However,the previous synthesis routes ofβ-KSbF_(4) required the use of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and the ionic conductivity of as-prepared product needs to be further improved.Herein,the β-KSbF_(4) sample with an ionic conductivity of 1.04×10^(-4)s cm^(-1)(30°C)is synthesized through the simple solid-state route.In order to account for the high ionic conductivity of the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)are used to characterize the physic-ochemical properties.The results show that the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4) exhibits higher carrier concentra-tion of 1.0×10^(-6)S cm-Hz^(-1)K and hopping frequency of 1.31×10^(6)Hz at 30°C due to the formation of the fluorine vacancies.Meanwhile,the hopping frequency shows the same trend as the changes of ionic conductivity with the changes of temperature,while the carrier concentration is found to be almost con-stant.The two different trends indicate the hopping frequency is mainly responsible for the ionic conduc-tion behavior withinβ-KSbF_(4).Furthermore,the all-solid-state FIBs,in which Ag and Pb+PbF_(2) are adopted as cathode and anode,andβ-KSbF_(4) as fluoride ion conductor,are capable of reversible charge and discharge.The assembled FIBs show a discharge capacity of 108.4 mA h g^(-1) at 1st cycle and 74.2 mA h g^(-1) at 50th cycle.Based on an examination of the capacity decay mechanism,it has been found that deterioration of the electrolyte/electrode interface is an important reason for hindering the commer-cial application of FIBs.Hence,the in-depth comprehension of the ion transport characteristics inβ-KSbF_(4) and the interpretation of the capacity fading mechanism will be conducive to promoting development of high-performanceFIBs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (52102312,51672234,and 52072325)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2021JJ40528)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682581)the Macao Young Scholars Program (AM2021011)the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (S202210530051)。
文摘The development of insertion-type anodes is the key to designing“rocking chair”zinc-ion batteries.However,there is rare report on high mass loading anode with high performances.Here,{001}-oriented Bi OCl nanosheets with Sn doping are proposed as a promising insertion-type anode.The designs of cross-linked CNTs conductive network,{001}-oriented nanosheet,and Sn doping significantly enhance ion/electron transport,proved via experimental tests and theoretical calculations(density of states and diffusion barrier).The H^(+)/Zn^(2+)synergistic co-insertion mechanism is proved via ex situ XRD,Raman,XPS,and SEM tests.Accordingly,this optimized electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 194 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)with a voltage of≈0.37 V and an impressive cyclability with 128 m A h g^(-1)over 2500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also shows satisfactory performances at an ultrahigh mass loading of 10 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,the Sn-Bi OCl//MnO_(2)full cell displays a reversible capacity of 85 m A h g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)during cyclic test.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U19A2018)the Key Project of Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province (2019GK2032)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30651)the Science and Technology Program of Xiangtan (GX-ZD20211004)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (CX20210635)。
文摘Lithium-rich manganese-based materials(LRMs) are promising cathode for high-energy-density lithiumion batteries due to their high capacity,low toxicity,and low cost.However,LRMs suffer from serious voltage decay and capacity fade due to continual migration and dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs) during cycling process.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to inhibit the TMs migration of LRMs through a modified separator by means of functionalized carbon coating layer,which depends on the chemical constraint of the abundant functional groups in the modified super P.In addition,it has been found that the dissolution of TMs can be restrained based on the Le Chatelier's principle.Moreover,the modified separator owns good wettability toward the electrolyte.As a result,the LRMs cathode with the modified separator delivers a high discharge capacity of 329.93 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C,and achieves good cyclic performance,the enhanced reaction kinetics and low voltage decay.Therefore,this work provides a new idea to promote the comprehensive electrochemical performances of Li-ion batteries with LRMs cathode through a strategy of separator modification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51802261,52072298,and 52172228)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (2019GHJD-13 and 2020JC-41)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi province of China (2019JLP-04)Xi'an Science and Technology Project of China (2019219714SYS012CG034)the foundation of National Key Laboratory (6142808200202),PR China.
文摘The high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide(LMO)is highly limited by the electrochemical polarization resulting from the slow kinetic of the Li2MnO3 phase.Herein,the Prussian blue(PB)coating layer with specific redox potential is introduced as a functionalized interface to overcome the side effect and the escaping of O on the surface of LMO,especially its poor rate capability.In detail,the PB layer can restrict the large polarization of LMO by sharing overloaded current at a high rate due to the synchronous redox of PB and LMO.Consequently,an enhanced high rate performance with capacity retention of 87.8%over 300 cycles is obtained,which is superior to 50.5%of the pristine electrode.Such strategies on the high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide compatible with good low-rate performances may attract great attention for pursuing durable performances.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Foundation of China(Grant No.51672234)the Research Foundation for Hunan Youth Outstanding People from Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2015RS4030)+1 种基金Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering&Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource UtilizationProgram for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(1337304)
文摘Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51072173, 51272221 and 51302239)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant Nos. 20134301130001)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 13JJ4051).
文摘As a promising energy-storage device,the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor coupling with both a large energy density battery-type anode and a high power density capacitor-type cathode is attracting great attention.For the sake of improving the energy density of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor,the free-standing anodes with good electrochemical performance are essential.Herein,we design an effective electrospinning strategy to prepare free-standing MnS/Co4S3/Ni3S2/Ni/C-nanofibers(TMSs/Ni/C-NFs)film and firstly use it as a binder-free anode for hybrid lithium-ion capacitor.We find that the carbon nanofibers can availably prevent MnS/Co4S3/Ni3S2/Ni nanoparticles from aggregation as well as significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Therefore,the binder-free TMSs/Ni/C-NFs membrane displays an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1246.9 m Ah g-1at 100 m A g-1,excellent rate capability(398 mAh g-1 at2000 mA g-1),and long-term cyclic endurance.Besides,we further assemble the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor,which exhibits a high energy density of 182.0 Wh kg-1at 121.1 W kg-1(19.0 Wh kg-1 at 3512.5 W kg-1)and remarkable cycle life.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51672234)Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering and Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource Utilization, Program for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (1337304)the 111 Project (B12015)
文摘Nitrogen-doped TiO_2–C composite nanofibers(TiO_2/N–C NFs) were manufactured by a convenient and green electrospinning technique in which urea acted as both the nitrogen source and a pore-forming agent. The TiO_2/N–C NFs exhibit a large specific surface area(213.04 m^2 g^(-1)) and a suitable nitrogen content(5.37 wt%). The large specific surface area can increase the contribution of the extrinsic pseudocapacitance, which greatly enhances the rate capability. Further, the diffusion coefficient of sodium ions(DNa_+) could be greatly improved by the incorporation of nitrogen atoms. Thus, the TiO_2/N–C NFs display excellent electrochemical properties in Na-ion batteries. A TiO_2/N–C NF anode delivers a high reversible discharge capacity of 265.8 mAh g^(-1) at 0.05 A g^(-1) and an outstanding long cycling performance even at a high current density(118.1 m Ah g^(-1)) with almost no capacity decay at 5 A g^(-1) over 2000 cycles. Therefore, this work sheds light on the application of TiO_2-based materials in sodium-ion batteries.
基金the National Beef Cattle Industry and Technology System for their financial support
文摘Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project (no. 51272221)the Key Project of Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province under project (nos. 2016GK4005 and 2016GK4030)
文摘FeF3·0.33H2O crystallizes in hexagonal tungsten bronze structure with more opened hexagonal cavities are considered as next generation electrode materials of both lithium ion battery and sodium ion battery.In this paper the mesoporous spherical FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal approach. Galvanostatic measurement showed that the performances of sodium ion batteries（SIBs） using FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs as cathode material were highly dependent on the morphology and size of the as-prepared materials. Benefitting from the special mesoporous structure features, FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibits much better electrochemical performances in terms of initial discharge capacity（350.4 mAh g-1） and cycle performance（123.5 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C range from 1.0 V to 4.0 V） as well as rate capacity（123.8 mAh g-1 after 25 cycles back to 0.1 C）. The excellent electrochemical performance enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the mesoporous structure and the MWCNTs conductive network, which can effectively increase the contact area between the active materials and the electrolyte, shorten the Na＋ diffusion pathway,buffer the volume change during cycling/discharge process and improve the structure stability of the FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21703191)Key Project of Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province(No.2016GK4005 and No.2016GK4030)Research Innovation Project for Graduate students of Hunan Province(No.CX2017B302)。
文摘Among the many strategies to fabricate the silicon/carbon composite,yolk/double-shells structure can be regarded as an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic defects of Si-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Hereon,a facile and inexpensive technology to prepare silicon/carbon composite with yolk/double-shells structure is proposed,in which the double buffering carbon shells are fabricated.The silicon/carbon nanoparticles with core-shell structure are encapsulated by SiO_(2)and external carbon layer,and it shows the yolk/double-shells structure via etching the SiO_(2)sacrificial layer.The multiply shells structure not only significantly improves the electrical conductivity of composite,but also effectively prevents the exposure of Si particles from the electrolyte composition.Meanwhile,the yolk/double-shells structure can provide enough space to accommodate the volume change of the electrode during charge/discharge process and avoid the pulverization of Si particles.Moreover,the as-prepared YDS-Si/C shows excellent performance as anode of LIBs,the reversible capacity is as high as 1066 mA h g^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 A g^(-1) after 200 cycles.At the same time,the YDS-Si/C has high capacity retention and good cyclic stability.Therefore,the unique architecture design of yolk/double-shells for Si/C composite provides an instructive exploration for the development of next generation anode materials of LIBs with high electrochemical performances and structural stability.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51922038, 51672078, 51932011, 51972346, 51802356, and 51872334)the Hunan Outstanding Youth Talents (No. 2019JJ20005)+1 种基金the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University (No. 2020CX024)AMR acknowledges the financial support from NASA-EPSCo R under Award #NNH17ZHA002C and South Carolina EPSCo R/IDe A Program under Award #18-SR03
文摘Low-cost preparation methods for cathodes with high capacity and long cycle life are crucial for commercializing potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Presently,the charging/discharging strain that develops in the active cathode material of PIBs causes cracks in the particles,leading to a sharp capacity fade.Here,to abate the strain release and the need for an industrially relevant process,a simple low-cost co-precipitation method for synthesizing yolk-shell P3-type K_(0.5)[Mn_(0.85)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.05)]O_(2) (YS-KMNC)was reported.As cathode material for PIBs,the YS-KMNC delivers a high reversible capacity(96 mAh g^(-1) at 20 mA g^(-1))and excellent cycle stability(80.5%retention over 400 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA g^(-1)).More importantly,a full battery assembled with the YS-KMNC cathode and a commercial graphite anode exhibits a high operating voltage(0.5-3.4 V)and an excellent cycling performance(84.2%retention for 100 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1)).Considering the low-cost,simple production process and high performance of YS-KMNC cathode,this work could pave the way for the commercial development of PIBs.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0104200)the Key Project of Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province (No. 2019GK2032)。
文摘Due to the high specific capacity and energy density, lithium–sulfur battery is regarded as a potential energy storage conversion system. However, the serious shuttle effect and the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics impede the practical use of lithium–sulfur battery. In the interests of breaking through the above knotty problems, herein we propose to use the polar flower-like Zn O modified by Bi OI nanoparticles as bifunctional host with catalytic and adsorption ability for polysulfides in lithium–sulfur battery.It can be found that this adsorption/catalytic host integrates the functions of adsorption and mutual catalytic conversion of polysulfides, in which the polar flower-like Zn O can effectively capture the polysulfides through strong polar-polar interaction, simultaneously the BiOI nanoparticles can accelerate the mutual conversion of polysulfides to Li2 S through reducing the activation energy and conversion energy barrier required for the electrochemical reaction. As a result, under a sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm^(-2), the lithium–sulfur battery with Zn O/Bi OI/CNT/S as cathode reveals a considerable initial specific capacity of1267 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 0.1 C. Even the current density increased to 1 C, the capacity can reach as 873.4 mAh g^(-1), together with a good capacity retention of 67.1% after 400 cycles. Therefore,after systematically study the positive effects of the flower-like ZnO modified by catalytic BiOI nanoparticles on the adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides, this work provides a new idea for the development and application of high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,32002022)Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(CARS-26).
文摘Citrus fruits produced in China are often affected by granulation.Granulation is an altered physiological state of citrus fruits occurring usually before harvest but whose underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,cDNA-AFLP technology enabled the identification of 116 granulation-associated genes in pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.Differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)were shown to be mainly involved in biological regulation and signal transduction,carbohydrate and energy metabolism,nucleic acid,protein metabolism,stress responses,and cell metabolism.Therefore,granulation in pummelo juice sacs seems to involve the following alterations:(1)changes in hormone levels;(2)activation of metabolic pathways related to ATP and sugar synthesis to produce more energy;(3)nucleic acid accumulation and increased protein degradation;(4)activation of stress-responsive metabolic pathways;(5)accelerated juice sac senescence.Our findings provide an overview of differential responses occurring at the transcriptional level in granulated juice sacs,thus revealing new insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying this altered physiological state in‘Guanximiyou'pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.
基金supported by Distinguished Young Scholar Fund Project of Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation(No.2023JJ10041)the Hunan Provincial Education Office Foundation of China(No.21B0147)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Xiangtan(No.GX-ZD20211004)the Hunan Provincial united foundation(No.2022JJ50136)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52003230)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC2091)。
文摘Strategic active site organization is imperative for the advancement of effective and long-lasting catalysts of oxygen reduction reactions.However,the controllable multi-active site design is a highly intricate topic for catalyst synthesis.Employing pre-trapping and post-activation strategy,Fe-N bonding structure and S,Se functionalized heteroatom are integrated into a conductive porous carbon.In this process,the nitrogen-abundant polymer 1,3,5-triformylbenzene-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene(Tf-TAPA)adsorbs Fe^(3+)under the intrinsically metal anchoring ability of N atoms and simultaneously in-situ assembles longchain thiophene-S.Subsequently,the Fe^(3+)is transformed into Fe-N_(x)moieties with the conversion of the organic chain to incompletely graphitized carbon.Furthermore,the alteration of the electronic configuration achieved through the introduction of dual-atom S and Se leads to a pronounced enhancement in catalytic efficiency.Benefitting from the Fe-N_(x)bonding structure,dense structural defects,and conductive carbon networks,the resultant Fe-S,Se/NCNs possesses a positive half-wave potential of 0.86 V and a 90%current retention rate,outstripping the Pt/C benchmark.Moreover,the liquid and flexible ZAB driven by Fe-S,Se/NCNs achieves large power densities of 259.7 and 164.7 m W/cm^(2),respectively.This study provides a new comprehension in developing an efficient and stable M-N-C oxygen electrocatalyst.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61427819,61490712,91750205,U1701661,61605117,11604219)National Key Basic Research Program of China(973)(2015CB352004)+5 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0102401)Leading Talents Program of Guangdong Province(00201505)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312010,2016A030310063,2017A030313351)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KQTD2015071016560101,KQTD2017033011044403,ZDSYS201703031605029,JCYJ2017818144338999)Excellent Young Teacher Program of Guangdong Province(YQ2014151)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2017M612722)
文摘Strong plasmonic focal spots, excited by radially polarized light on a smooth thin metallic film, have been widely applied to trap various micro-and nano-sized objects. However, the direct transmission part of the incident light leads to the scattering force exerted on trapped particles, which seriously affects the stability of the plasmonic trap.Here we employ a novel perfect radially polarized beam to solve this problem. Both theoretical and experimental results verify that such a beam could strongly suppress the directly transmitted light to reduce the piconewton scattering force, and an enhanced plasmonic trapping stiffness that is 2.6 times higher is achieved in experiments.The present work opens up new opportunities for a variety of research requiring the stable manipulations of particles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91750205,61975128,61975129 and 61427819)Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Programme(00201505)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312010 and 2019TQ05X750)and Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KQTD2017033011044403,ZDSYS201703031605029,KQTD20180412181324255,JCYJ20180305125418079,andJCYJ2017818144338999).
文摘Optical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects.More recently,the possibility of performing manipulation with surface plasmons has opened opportunities not feasible with conventional far-field optical methods.The use of surface plasmon techniques enables excitation of hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength;with this confinement,the plasmonic field facilitates trapping of various nanostructures and materials with higher precision.The successful manipulation of small particles has fostered numerous and expanding applications.In this paper,we review the principles of and developments in plasmonic tweezers techniques,including both nanostructure-assisted platforms and structureless systems.Construction methods and evaluation criteria of the techniques are presented,aiming to provide a guide for the design and optimization of the systems.The most common novel applications of plasmonic tweezers,namely,sorting and transport,sensing and imaging,and especially those in a biological context,are critically discussed.Finally,we consider the future of the development and new potential applications of this technique and discuss prospects for its impact on science.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11604219,61427819,61490712,61605117,91750205,U1701661)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030310063,2016A030312010,2017A030313351)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20180507182035270,JCYJ2017818144338999,KQTD2017033011044403,ZDSYS201703031605029)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(MOST)(2015CB352004)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(GDSTC)(00201505)
文摘Polarization imaging finds applications in many areas, such as photoelasticity, ellipsometry, and biomedical imaging. A compact, snapshot, and high-efficiency imaging polarimeter is highly desirable for many applications.Here, based on a single multifunctional geometric phase optical element(GPOE), a new method is proposed for high-efficiency snapshot imaging polarimetry. With tailored spatially varying orientation of each anisotropic unit cell, the GPOE works highly efficiently as both a spin sorter and a half-wave plate, enabling snapshot retrieving of a full Stokes vector of incident light. The designed GPOE is implemented in the form of liquid crystal fabricated with a photo-alignment technology, and its application in imaging polarimetry is experimentally demonstrated by retrieving full Stokes parameters of a cylinder vector beam. This method can also work in the form of plasmonic or dielectric metasurfaces, enabling ultra-compact polarization detection systems by monolithic integration with other devices such as metalenses.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91750205,61935013,62175157,61975128,61975129)+3 种基金Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program(00201505)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312010,2019TQ05X750)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(KQTD20170330110444030)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20180305125418079,JCYJ20180507182035270,JCYJ20210324120403011,ZDSYS201703031605029)。
文摘Optical surface waves have widely been used in optical tweezers systems for trapping particles sized from the nanoto microscale,with specific importance and needs in applications of super-resolved detection and imaging if a single particle can be trapped and manipulated accurately.However,it is difficult to achieve such trapping with high precision in conventional optical surface-wave tweezers.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method to accurately trap and dynamically manipulate a single particle or a desired number of particles in holographic optical surface-wave tweezers.By tailoring the optical potential wells formed by surface waves,we achieved trapping of the targeted single particle while pushing away all surrounding particles and further dynamically controlling the particle by a holographic tweezers beam.We also prove that different particle samples,including gold particles and biological cells,can be applied in our system.This method can be used for different-type optical surface-wave tweezers,with significant potential applications in single-particle spectroscopy,particle sorting,nano-assembly,and others.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(91750205,61377052,61422506,61427819,61605117)National Key Basic Research Program of China(973)(2015CB352004)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0102401)Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program(00201505)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312010,2016A030310063)Excellent Young Teacher Program of Guangdong Province(YQ2014151)
文摘Optical traps use focused laser beams to generate forces on targeted objects ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers. However, for their high coefficients of scattering and absorption, micrometer-sized metallic particles were deemed non-trappable in three dimensions using a single beam. This barrier is now removed. We demon- strate, both in theory and experiment, three-dimensional （3D） dynamic all-optical manipulations of micrometer- sized gold particles under high focusing conditions. The force of gravity is found to balance the positive axial optical force exerted on particles in an inverted optical tweezers system to form two trapping positions along the vertical direction. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm that stable 3D manipulations are achievable for these particles regardl for a variety of in-depth ess of beam polarization and wavelength. research requiting metallic particles. The present work opens up new opportunities .
