At present, many neuron models have been proposed, which can be divided into discrete neuron models and continuous neuron models. Discrete neuron models have the advantage of faster simulation speed and the ease of un...At present, many neuron models have been proposed, which can be divided into discrete neuron models and continuous neuron models. Discrete neuron models have the advantage of faster simulation speed and the ease of understanding complex dynamic phenomena. Due to the properties of memorability, nonvolatility, and local activity, locally active discrete memristors(LADMs) are also suitable for simulating synapses. In this paper, we use an LADM to mimic synapses and establish a Rulkov neural network model. It is found that the change of coupling strength and the initial state of the LADM leads to multiple firing patterns of the neural network. In addition, considering the influence of neural network parameters and the initial state of the LADM, numerical analysis methods such as phase diagram and timing diagram are used to study the phase synchronization. As the system parameters and the initial states of the LADM change, the LADM coupled Rulkov neural network exhibits synchronization transition and synchronization coexistence.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of fatty liver discovered upon physical examination of Chinese patients and determine the associated clinical characteristics.METHODS:A total of 3433 consecutive patients who received...AIM:To investigate the prevalence of fatty liver discovered upon physical examination of Chinese patients and determine the associated clinical characteristics.METHODS:A total of 3433 consecutive patients who received physical examinations at the Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou,China from June 2010 to December2010 were retrospectively enrolled in the study.Results of biochemical tests,abdominal ultrasound,electrocardiography,and chest X-ray were collected.The diagnosis of fatty liver was made if a patient met any two of the three following ultrasonic criteria:(1)liver and kidney echo discrepancy and presence of an increased liver echogenicity(bright);(2)unclear intrahepatic duct structure;and(3)liver far field echo decay.RESULTS:The study population consisted of 2201males and 1232 females,with a mean age of 37.4±12.8 years.When all 3433 patients were considered,the overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 38.1%,of fatty liver was 26.0%,of increased alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and/or aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels was 11.9%,of gallstone was 11.4%,of hyperglycemia was 7.3%,of hypertension was 7.1%,and of hyperuricemia was 6.2%.Of the 2605 patients who completed the abdominal ultrasonography exam,677(26.0%)were diagnosed with fatty liver and the prevalence was higher in males(32.5%vs females:15.3%,P<0.001).The overall prevalence of fatty liver increased with age,with the peak prevalence(39.5%)found in the 60 to 70-year-old age group.Among patients between the ages of 18 to 50-year-old,the prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher in males(20.2%vs females:8.7%,P<0.001);the difference in prevalence between the two sexes in patients>50-year-old did not reach statistical significance.Only 430 of the patients diagnosed with fatty liver had complete information;among those,increased ALT and/or AST levels were detected in only 30%,with all disturbances being mild or moderate.In these 430 patients,the overall prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 31.4%,of mixed type hyperlipidemia was 20.9%,of hypercholesterolemia was 12.3%,of hyperglycemia was 17.6%,of hypertension was 16.0%,of hyperuricemia was 15.3%,and of gallstone was 14.4%.Again,the prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were higher in males(hypertriglyceridemia,36.0%vs females:12.0%,P<0.05;hyperuricemia,17.3%vs females:7.2%,P<0.05);in contrast,however,the prevalences of mixed type hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia was higher in females(mixed type hyperlipidemia,18.7% vs females:30.1%,P<0.05,hypercholesterolemia,9.5%vs females:24.1%,P<0.05).Finally,comparison of the fatty liver group to the non-fatty liver group showed that prevalences of hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and hyperuricemia were higher in the former(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A high prevalence of fatty liver is detected upon physical examination in Guangzhou,and the primary associated clinical findings are hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and hyperuricemia.展开更多
FAM20A has been studied to a very limited extent. Mutations in human FAM20 A cause amelogenesis imperfecta, gingival fibromatosis and kidney problems. It would be desirable to systemically analyse the expression of FA...FAM20A has been studied to a very limited extent. Mutations in human FAM20 A cause amelogenesis imperfecta, gingival fibromatosis and kidney problems. It would be desirable to systemically analyse the expression of FAM20 A in dental tissues and to assess the pathological changes when this molecule is specifically nullified in individual tissues. Recently, we generated mice with a Fam20A-floxed allele containing the beta-galactosidase reporter gene. We analysed FAM20 A expression in dental tissues using X-Gal staining, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, which showed that the ameloblasts in the mouse mandibular first molar began to express FAM20 A at 1 day after birth, and the reduced enamel epithelium in erupting molars expressed a significant level of FAM20 A. By breeding K14-Cre mice with Fam20Aflox/floxmice, we created K14-Cre;Fam20Aflox/flox(conditional knock out, c KO) mice, in which Fam20 A was inactivated in the epithelium. We analysed the dental tissues of c KO mice using X-ray radiography, histology and immunohistochemistry. The molar enamel matrix in c KO mice was much thinner than normal and was often separated from the dentinoenamel junction. The Fam20A-deficient ameloblasts were non-polarized and disorganized and were detached from the enamel matrix. The enamel abnormality in c KO mice was consistent with the diagnosis of amelogenesis imperfecta. The levels of enamelin and matrix metalloproteinase 20 were lower in the ameloblasts and enamel of c KO mice than the normal mice. The c KO mice had remarkable delays in the eruption of molars and hyperplasia of the gingival epithelium. The findings emphasize the essential roles of FAM20 A in the development of dental and oral tissues.展开更多
Background:Exposure to lead can be deleterious to children’s health.Surveillance for blood lead levels(BLLs)is reported every year in the USA and some other countries.However,such reports are lacking in China which h...Background:Exposure to lead can be deleterious to children’s health.Surveillance for blood lead levels(BLLs)is reported every year in the USA and some other countries.However,such reports are lacking in China which has the world’s largest population of children.In this study,we provided the latest nationally representative data on BLLs among Chinese children living in cities,described the change in BLLs since 2004,and explored the risk factors for elevated BLLs(EBLLs)among children.Methods:We studied 12693 children aged 0–6 years in 2004 and 11255 children aged 0–6 years in 2010.We evaluated the average BLLs and the prevalence of EBLLs,and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate predictors of EBLLs.Results:The geometric mean BLLs of children aged 0–6 years dropped by 16%(from 46.38±2.10μg/L in 2004 to 38.95±1.83μg/L in 2010),while the prevalence of EBLLs dropped by 87%(from 9.78%in 2004 to 1.32%in 2010).In a multivariate analysis,the following factors were associated with EBLLs:(1)children being cared for at home or at a boarding nursery(compared to children being cared for in a day nursery),(2)children having fathers with a lower education level,and(3)children often eating popcorn and chewing fingernails or sucking fingers were associated with EBLLs.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated a substantial decline in BLLs from 2004 to 2010 among Chinese children 0–6 years living in cities.However,these levels were higher than levels in countries,such as the USA,Canada,Japan and Sweden.These data demonstrate that Chinese children’s lead exposure remains a public health problem that requires additional effort and resources.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2022JJ30572, 2022JJ30160, and 2021JJ30671)the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant No. 62171401)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shunde District (Grant No. 2130218002544)。
文摘At present, many neuron models have been proposed, which can be divided into discrete neuron models and continuous neuron models. Discrete neuron models have the advantage of faster simulation speed and the ease of understanding complex dynamic phenomena. Due to the properties of memorability, nonvolatility, and local activity, locally active discrete memristors(LADMs) are also suitable for simulating synapses. In this paper, we use an LADM to mimic synapses and establish a Rulkov neural network model. It is found that the change of coupling strength and the initial state of the LADM leads to multiple firing patterns of the neural network. In addition, considering the influence of neural network parameters and the initial state of the LADM, numerical analysis methods such as phase diagram and timing diagram are used to study the phase synchronization. As the system parameters and the initial states of the LADM change, the LADM coupled Rulkov neural network exhibits synchronization transition and synchronization coexistence.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Project of Guangdong ProvinceChina+3 种基金No.2010B031600047Shenzhen Jian An Pharmaceutical Company Limited for their support
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of fatty liver discovered upon physical examination of Chinese patients and determine the associated clinical characteristics.METHODS:A total of 3433 consecutive patients who received physical examinations at the Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou,China from June 2010 to December2010 were retrospectively enrolled in the study.Results of biochemical tests,abdominal ultrasound,electrocardiography,and chest X-ray were collected.The diagnosis of fatty liver was made if a patient met any two of the three following ultrasonic criteria:(1)liver and kidney echo discrepancy and presence of an increased liver echogenicity(bright);(2)unclear intrahepatic duct structure;and(3)liver far field echo decay.RESULTS:The study population consisted of 2201males and 1232 females,with a mean age of 37.4±12.8 years.When all 3433 patients were considered,the overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 38.1%,of fatty liver was 26.0%,of increased alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and/or aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels was 11.9%,of gallstone was 11.4%,of hyperglycemia was 7.3%,of hypertension was 7.1%,and of hyperuricemia was 6.2%.Of the 2605 patients who completed the abdominal ultrasonography exam,677(26.0%)were diagnosed with fatty liver and the prevalence was higher in males(32.5%vs females:15.3%,P<0.001).The overall prevalence of fatty liver increased with age,with the peak prevalence(39.5%)found in the 60 to 70-year-old age group.Among patients between the ages of 18 to 50-year-old,the prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher in males(20.2%vs females:8.7%,P<0.001);the difference in prevalence between the two sexes in patients>50-year-old did not reach statistical significance.Only 430 of the patients diagnosed with fatty liver had complete information;among those,increased ALT and/or AST levels were detected in only 30%,with all disturbances being mild or moderate.In these 430 patients,the overall prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 31.4%,of mixed type hyperlipidemia was 20.9%,of hypercholesterolemia was 12.3%,of hyperglycemia was 17.6%,of hypertension was 16.0%,of hyperuricemia was 15.3%,and of gallstone was 14.4%.Again,the prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were higher in males(hypertriglyceridemia,36.0%vs females:12.0%,P<0.05;hyperuricemia,17.3%vs females:7.2%,P<0.05);in contrast,however,the prevalences of mixed type hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia was higher in females(mixed type hyperlipidemia,18.7% vs females:30.1%,P<0.05,hypercholesterolemia,9.5%vs females:24.1%,P<0.05).Finally,comparison of the fatty liver group to the non-fatty liver group showed that prevalences of hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and hyperuricemia were higher in the former(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A high prevalence of fatty liver is detected upon physical examination in Guangzhou,and the primary associated clinical findings are hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and hyperuricemia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81171744)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (Grant H201418)
文摘FAM20A has been studied to a very limited extent. Mutations in human FAM20 A cause amelogenesis imperfecta, gingival fibromatosis and kidney problems. It would be desirable to systemically analyse the expression of FAM20 A in dental tissues and to assess the pathological changes when this molecule is specifically nullified in individual tissues. Recently, we generated mice with a Fam20A-floxed allele containing the beta-galactosidase reporter gene. We analysed FAM20 A expression in dental tissues using X-Gal staining, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, which showed that the ameloblasts in the mouse mandibular first molar began to express FAM20 A at 1 day after birth, and the reduced enamel epithelium in erupting molars expressed a significant level of FAM20 A. By breeding K14-Cre mice with Fam20Aflox/floxmice, we created K14-Cre;Fam20Aflox/flox(conditional knock out, c KO) mice, in which Fam20 A was inactivated in the epithelium. We analysed the dental tissues of c KO mice using X-ray radiography, histology and immunohistochemistry. The molar enamel matrix in c KO mice was much thinner than normal and was often separated from the dentinoenamel junction. The Fam20A-deficient ameloblasts were non-polarized and disorganized and were detached from the enamel matrix. The enamel abnormality in c KO mice was consistent with the diagnosis of amelogenesis imperfecta. The levels of enamelin and matrix metalloproteinase 20 were lower in the ameloblasts and enamel of c KO mice than the normal mice. The c KO mice had remarkable delays in the eruption of molars and hyperplasia of the gingival epithelium. The findings emphasize the essential roles of FAM20 A in the development of dental and oral tissues.
基金supported by Beijing Bohui Innovation Technology Co.,Ltd
文摘Background:Exposure to lead can be deleterious to children’s health.Surveillance for blood lead levels(BLLs)is reported every year in the USA and some other countries.However,such reports are lacking in China which has the world’s largest population of children.In this study,we provided the latest nationally representative data on BLLs among Chinese children living in cities,described the change in BLLs since 2004,and explored the risk factors for elevated BLLs(EBLLs)among children.Methods:We studied 12693 children aged 0–6 years in 2004 and 11255 children aged 0–6 years in 2010.We evaluated the average BLLs and the prevalence of EBLLs,and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate predictors of EBLLs.Results:The geometric mean BLLs of children aged 0–6 years dropped by 16%(from 46.38±2.10μg/L in 2004 to 38.95±1.83μg/L in 2010),while the prevalence of EBLLs dropped by 87%(from 9.78%in 2004 to 1.32%in 2010).In a multivariate analysis,the following factors were associated with EBLLs:(1)children being cared for at home or at a boarding nursery(compared to children being cared for in a day nursery),(2)children having fathers with a lower education level,and(3)children often eating popcorn and chewing fingernails or sucking fingers were associated with EBLLs.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated a substantial decline in BLLs from 2004 to 2010 among Chinese children 0–6 years living in cities.However,these levels were higher than levels in countries,such as the USA,Canada,Japan and Sweden.These data demonstrate that Chinese children’s lead exposure remains a public health problem that requires additional effort and resources.
