The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√s_(NN)=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculat...The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√s_(NN)=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculations of differential v_(2)based on the advanced flow extraction method of light flavor hadrons(pions,kaons,protons,andΛ)in small collision systems were extended to a wider transverse momentum(p_(T))range of up to 8 GeV/c for the first time.The string-melting version of the AMPT model provides a good description of the measured p_(T)-differential v_(2)of the mesons but exhibits a slight deviation from the baryon v_(2).In addition,we observed the features of mass ordering at low p_(T)and the approximate number-of-constituentquark(NCQ)scaling at intermediate p_(T).Moreover,we demonstrate that hadronic rescattering does not have a significant impact on v_(2)in p-Pb collisions for different centrality selections,whereas partonic scattering dominates in generating the elliptic anisotropy of the final particles.This study provides further insight into the origin of collective-like behavior in small collision systems and has referential value for future measurements of azimuthal anisotropy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become the standard care for advanced adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG),although a part of the patients cannot benefit from NAC.There are no models based on ba...BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become the standard care for advanced adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG),although a part of the patients cannot benefit from NAC.There are no models based on baseline computed tomography(CT)to predict response of Siewert type II or III AEG to NAC with docetaxel,oxaliplatin and S-1(DOS).AIM To develop a CT-based nomogram to predict response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with confirmed Siewert type II/III AEG underwent CT before and after three cycles of NAC with DOS,and were randomly and consecutively assigned to the training cohort(TC)(n=94)and the validation cohort(VC)(n=34).Therapeutic effect was assessed by disease-control rate and progressive disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1)criteria.Possible prognostic factors associated with responses after DOS treatment including Siewert classification,gross tumor volume(GTV),and cT and cN stages were evaluated using pretherapeutic CT data in addition to sex and age.Univariate and multivariate analyses of CT and clinical features in the TC were performed to determine independent factors associated with response to DOS.A nomogram was established based on independent factors to predict the response.The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by Concordance index(C-index),calibration and receiver operating characteristics curve in the TC and VC.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that Siewert type(52/55 vs 29/39,P=0.005),pretherapeutic cT stage(57/62 vs 24/32,P=0.028),GTV(47.3±27.4 vs 73.2±54.3,P=0.040)were significantly associated with response to DOS in the TC.Multivariate analysis of the TC also showed that the pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type were independent predictive factors related to response to DOS(odds ratio=4.631,1.027 and 7.639,respectively;all P<0.05).The nomogram developed with these independent factors showed an excellent performance to predict response to DOS in the TC and VC(C-index:0.838 and 0.824),with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.838 and 0.824,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the practical and predicted response to DOS effectively coincided.CONCLUSION A novel nomogram developed with pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type predicted the response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.展开更多
AIM:To determine whether and how magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based total liver volume(TLV) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) could predict liver fibrosis.METHODS:Sixteen experimental mature mini-pigs(6 males,10 ...AIM:To determine whether and how magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based total liver volume(TLV) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) could predict liver fibrosis.METHODS:Sixteen experimental mature mini-pigs(6 males,10 females),weighing between 20.0 and 24.0 kg were prospectively used to model liver fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4 dissolved in fat emulsion twice a week for 16 wk,and by feeding 40% CCl4 mixed with maize flour twice daily for the subsequent 5 wk.All the survival animals underwent percutaneous liver biopsy and DWI using b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2 followed by abdominal gadolinium-enhanced MRI at the 0,5th,9th,16th and 21st weekend after beginning of the modeling.TLV was obtained on enhanced MRI,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) was obtained on DWI.Hepatic tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and Masson' s trichrome staining for staging liver fibrosis.Pathological specimens were scored using the human METAVIR classification system.Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether and how the TLV and ADC could be used to predict the stage of liver fibrosis.RESULTS:TLV increased from stage 0 to 2 and decreased from stage 3(r = 0.211;P < 0.001).There was a difference in TLV between stage 0-1 and 2-4(P = 0.03) whereas no difference between stage 0-2 and 3-4(P = 0.71).TLV could predict stage ≥ 2 [area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) = 0.682].There was a decrease in ADC values with increasing stage of fibrosis for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2(r =-0.418,-0.535 and-0.622,respectively;all P < 0.001).Differences were found between stage 0-1 and 2-4 in ADC values for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2,and between stage 0-2 and 3-4 for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2(all P < 0.05).For predicting stage ≥ 2 and ≥ 3,AUC was 0.803 and 0.847 for b = 500 s/mm2,and 0.848 and 0.887 for b = 800 s/mm2,respectively.CONCLUSION:ADC for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2 could be better than TLV and ADC for b = 300 s/mm2 to pre-dict fibrosis stage ≥ 2 or ≥ 3.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) can significantly improve the survival rate of patients...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with HCC and is the first treatment choice for patients who are not suitable for surgical resections. The evaluation of the response to TACE treatment affects not only the assessment of the therapy efficacy but also the development of the next step in the treatment plan. The use of imaging to examine changes in tumor volume to assess the response of solid tumors to treatment has been controversial. In recent years, the emergence of new imaging technology has made it possible to observe the response of tumors to treatment prior to any morphological changes. In this article, the advances in studies reporting the use of computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), intravoxel incoherent motion, diffusion kurtosis imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance perfusionweighted imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/MRI to assess the TACE treatment response are reviewed.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether the combination of platelet count(PLT) with spleen volume parameters and right liver volume(RV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) could predict the Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhos...AIM: To determine whether the combination of platelet count(PLT) with spleen volume parameters and right liver volume(RV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) could predict the Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices(EV).METHODS: Two hundred and five cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 40 healthy volunteers underwent abdominal triphasic-enhancement MRI and laboratory examination of PLT in 109/L. Cirrhotic patients underwent endoscopy for detecting EV. Spleen maximal width(W), thickness(T) and length(L) in mm together with spleen volume(SV) and RV in mm3 were measured by MRI, and spleen volume index(SI) in mm3 was obtained by W × T × L. SV/PLT, SI/PLT and RV × PLT/SV(RVPS) were calculated and statistically analyzed to assess cirrhosis and EV.RESULTS: SV/PLT(r = 0.676) and SI/PLT(r = 0.707) increased, and PLT(r =-0.626) and RVPS(r =-0.802) decreased with the progress of Child-Pugh class(P < 0.001 for all). All parameters could determine the presence of cirrhosis, distinguish between each class of Child-Pugh class, and identify the presence of EV [the areas under the curve(AUCs) = 0.661-0.973]. A m o n g p a ra m e t e r s, R V P S c o u l d b e s t d e t e r m i n e presence and each class of cirrhosis with AUCs of 0.973 and 0.740-0.853, respectively; and SV/PLT could best identify EV with an AUC of 0.782.CONCLUSION: The combination of PLT with SV and RV could predict Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis and identify the presence of esophageal varices.展开更多
Tibetans are well adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene(GCH1, GTP-cyclo...Tibetans are well adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene(GCH1, GTP-cyclohydrolase I), involved in maintaining nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) function and normal blood pressure, that harbors many potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We resequenced an 80.8 kb fragment covering the entire gene region of GCH1 in 50 unrelated Tibetans. Combined with previously published data, we demonstrated many GCH1 variants showing deep divergence between highlander Tibetans and lowlander Han Chinese. Neutrality tests confirmed a signal of positive Darwinian selection on GCH1 in Tibetans. Moreover, association analysis indicated that the Tibetan version of GCH1 was significantly associated with multiple physiological traits in Tibetans, including blood nitric oxide concentration, blood oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration. Taken together, we propose that GCH1 plays a role in the genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether liver lobe volume and albumin(ALB) could predict the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis,and esophageal varices.METHODS:Seventy-one cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 21 healthy in...AIM:To investigate whether liver lobe volume and albumin(ALB) could predict the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis,and esophageal varices.METHODS:Seventy-one cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 21 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study.All the participants underwent abdominal enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to measure each liver lobe volume,and biochemical workup for testing ALB and Child-Pugh class.All cirrhotic patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to show the presence of cirrhotic esophageal varices.Right liver lobe volume(RV),left medial liver lobe volume(LMV),left lateral liver lobe volume(LLV),and caudate lobe volume(CV) were measured using enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.The ratios of RV to ALB(RV/ALB),LMV to ALB(LMV/ALB),LLV to ALB(LLV/ALB) and CV to ALB(CV/ALB) were calculated.Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether and how the combination of liver lobe volume measured using magnetic resonance imaging and albumin could predict the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis,and the presence of esophageal varices.RESULTS:RV,LMV,LLV and CV decreased(r =-0.51-0.373; all P < 0.05),while RV/ALB increased(r = 0.424; P < 0.05),with the progress of Child-Pugh classof liver cirrhosis.RV,LMV,CV,LLV/ALB and CV/ALB could identify presence of liver cirrhosis; LLV and LMV could distinguish Child-Pugh class A from B; RV,LMV,LLV,CV,RV/ALB and LLV/ALB could distinguish class A from C; RV and LLV/ALB could differentiate B from C; and RV,RV/ALB and CV/ALB could identify presence of esophageal varices(all P < 0.05).Among these parameters,CV/ALB could best identify the presence of liver cirrhosis,with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.860,a sensitivity of 82.0% and a specificity of 83.0%.LLV could best distinguish class A from B,with an AUC of 0.761,a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 73.1%.RV could best distinguish class A from C,with an AUC of 0.900,a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 84.5%.LLV/ALB could best distinguish class B from C,with an AUC of 0.900,a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 81.5%.RV/ALB could best identify esophageal varices,with an AUC of 0.890,a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 83.5%.CONCLUSION:The combination of liver lobe volume and ALB has potential to identify presence and severity of cirrhosis,and presence of esophageal varices.展开更多
Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 ea...Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each), "control group" with intraperitoneal saline injection, "diabetic group" with 60 mg of intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection per kg of body weight and "Hsian-tsao group" with intragastric administration of Hsian-tsao extraction everyday for 4 weeks after intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. The body weight and blood sugar were measured before and after model induction in the three groups. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expressions in the kidney were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Kidney ultrastructural changes were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results Before diabetic model induction, there were no significant differences among the three groups in body weight and blood sugar. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the differences became statistically significant. Electron microscopy also revealed disruption of the foot processes of the podocytes and other damages in diabetic group. These damages were significantly less severe in Hsian-tsao group when compared with the diabetic group. TSP-1 expressions in the kidney were significantly increased in both the diabetic group and Hsian-tsao group, but it was relatively lower in Hsian-tsao group than in diabetic group. Conclusion Our results showed that Hsian-tsao treatment in the diabetic rats effectively prevented the pathological alterations in the kidney and decreased the TSP-1 expression. It was suggested that Hsian-tsao had protective effect on the kidneys of the diabetic rats.展开更多
AIM: To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP) on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were underwe...AIM: To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP) on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were underwent MR imaging. MR imaging sequences included fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) fat saturation axial T1-weighted imaging, gradient echo T1-weighted (in phase), single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) T2-weighted, respiratory triggered (R-T) T2-weighted with fat saturation, and MR cholangiopancreatography. Using the MR severity score index, pancreatitis was graded as mild (0-2 points), moderate (3-6 points) and severe (7-10 points). RESULTS: Among the 53 patients, IEP was graded as mild in 37 patients and as moderate in 16 patients. Forty-seven of 53 (89%) patients had at least one abnormality on MR images. Pancreas was hypointense relative to liver on FSPGR T1-weighted images in 18.9% of patients, and hyperintense in 25% and 30% on SSFSE T2-weighted and R-T T2-weighted images, respectively. The prevalences of the findings of IEP on R-T T2- weighted images were, respectively, 85% for pancreatic fascial plane, 77% for left renal fascial plane, 55% for peripancreatic fat stranding, 42% for right renal fascial plane, 45% for perivascular fluid, 40% for thickened pancreatic lobular septum and 25% for peripancreatic fluid, which were markedly higher than those on in-phase or SSFSE T2-weighted images (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: IEP primarily manifests on non-enhanced MR images as thickened pancreatic fascial plane, left renal fascial plane, peripancreatic fat stranding, and peripancreatic fluid. R-T T2-weighted imaging is more sensitive than in-phase and SSFSE T2-weighted imaging for depicting IEP.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignanttumors and remains a treatment-refractory cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm depends mainly on imaging and which methods ...Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignanttumors and remains a treatment-refractory cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm depends mainly on imaging and which methods are conducive to detecting small lesions. Compared to the other techniques, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has irreplaceable advantages and can provide valuable information unattainable with other noninvasive or minimally invasive imaging techniques. Advances in MR hardware and pulse sequence design have particularly improved the quality and robustness of MRI of the pancreas. Diffusion MR imaging serves as one of the common functional MRI techniques and is the only technique that can be used to reflect the diffusion movement of water molecules in vivo. It is generally known that diffusion properties depend on the characterization of intrinsic features of tissue microdynamics and microstructure. With the improvement of the diffusion models, diffusion MR imaging techniques are increasingly varied, from the simplest and most commonly used technique to the more complex. In this review, the various diffusion MRI techniques for pancreatic cancer are discussed, including conventional diffusion weighted imaging(DWI), multi-b DWI based on intra-voxel incoherent motion theory, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging. The principles, main parameters, advantages and limitations of these techniques, as well as future directions for pancreatic diffusion imaging are also discussed.展开更多
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other pathological types and is characterized by rapid progression. Most of the clinical diagnoses are made ...Primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other pathological types and is characterized by rapid progression. Most of the clinical diagnoses are made at late stage or when distant metastasis occurs, increasing the difficulty of treatment and resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PHC plays an important role in timely treatment and the improvement of prognosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer is liver biopsy, but it has limitations as an invasive examination. Presently, imaging has become the first choice for the diagnosis of liver cancer. We here summarize the new methods and techniques of imaging in diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver cancer in recent years, including ultrasonography, computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging technology-voxel incoherent motion, diffusion tensor imaging, iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-iron quantification, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and hepatocyte-specific contrast medium imaging. Imaging diagnosis can not only evaluate the degree of differentiation, blood supply and perfusion, and invasiveness of the lesion, but also predict the prognosis, evaluate liver function, andprovide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Traditional magnetic resonance(MR)diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses a single exponential model to obtain the apparent diffusion coefficient to quantitatively reflect the diffusion motion of water molecules in living...Traditional magnetic resonance(MR)diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses a single exponential model to obtain the apparent diffusion coefficient to quantitatively reflect the diffusion motion of water molecules in living tissues,but it is affected by blood perfusion.Intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)-DWI utilizes a double-exponential model to obtain information on pure water molecule diffusion and microcirculatory perfusion-related diffusion,which compensates for the insufficiency of traditional DWI.In recent years,research on the application of IVIM-DWI in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases has gradually increased and has achieved considerable progress.This study mainly reviews the basic principles of IVIM-DWI and related research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases.展开更多
The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene...The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300(histone acetyltransferase p300), we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide(NO) concentration. Col ectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.展开更多
AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these ...AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these patients were divided into two groups according to the MRI results:those with signs of gallstones,cholecystitis,common bile duct(CBD)stones or dilatation of the CBD on MRI and those without.the prevalence,shape and distribution of HAP in the two groups were analyzed and compared.the severity of AP was graded using the MR severity index(MRSI).the correlation between the MRSI and HAP was then analyzed.RESULTS:Of the 51 patients with AP,32(63%)showed at least one sign of gallbladder and CBD abnormalities on the MR images,while 19(37%)showed no sign of gallbladder or CBD abnormalities.Nineteen patients(37%)had HAP visible in the enhanced images,including strip-,wedge-or patch-shaped HAP distributed in the hepatic tissue adjacent to the gallbladder and left and right liver lobes.there were no significant differences in the prevalence of HAP(χ2=0.305,P=0.581>0.05)or HAP distribution in the liver(χ2=2.181,P=0.536>0.05)between patients with and without gallbladder and CBD abnormalities.there were no significant differences in the MRSI score between patients with and without HAP(t=0.559,P=0.552>0.05).HAP was not correlated with the MRSI score.CONCLUSION:HAP is common in patients with AP and appears strip-,patch-or wedge-shaped on MRI.HAP on MRI cannot be used to indicate the severity of AP.展开更多
As one kind of infectious diseases of adrenal gland, adrenal tuberculosis can result in a life-threatening disorder which is called primary adrenal insufficiency(PAI) due to the destruction of adrenal cortex. Computed...As one kind of infectious diseases of adrenal gland, adrenal tuberculosis can result in a life-threatening disorder which is called primary adrenal insufficiency(PAI) due to the destruction of adrenal cortex. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) play significant roles in the diagnosis of this etiology of PAI based on the CT and MRI appearances of the adrenal lesions. In this mini-review, we intend to study the CT and MRI features of adrenal tuberculosis, which could be helpful to both endocrinologist and radiologist to establish a definitive diagnosis for adrenal tuberculosis resulting in PAI.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors(GTs)are among the most com-mon tumors of the digestive system and are among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is crucial for assessment of h...Gastrointestinal tumors(GTs)are among the most com-mon tumors of the digestive system and are among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is crucial for assessment of histopathological changes and therapeutic responses of GTs before and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy.A new functional MRI technique,intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM),could reveal more detailed useful information regarding many diseases.Currently,IVIM is widely used for various tumors because the derived parameters(diffusion coefficient,D;pseudo-perfusion diffusion coefficient,D*;and perfusion fraction,f)are thought to be important surrogate imaging biomarkers for gaining insights into tissue physiology.They can simultaneously reflect the microenvironment,microcirculation in the capillary network(perfusion)and diffusion in tumor tissues without contrast agent intra-venous administration.The sensitivity and specificity of these parameters used in the evaluation of GTs vary,the results of IVIM in GTs are discrepant and the variability of IVIM measurements in response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in these studies remains a source of controversy.Therefore,there are questions as to whether IVIM diffusion-weighted MRI is feasible and helpful in the evaluation of GTs,and whether it is worthy of expanded use.展开更多
The morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)rank 6th and 4th,respectively,among malignant tumors worldwide.Traditional diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)obtaine...The morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)rank 6th and 4th,respectively,among malignant tumors worldwide.Traditional diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)obtained by applying the monoexponential model to reflect water molecule diffusion in active tissue;however,the value of ADC is affected by microcirculation perfusion.Using a biexponential model,intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)-DWI quantitatively measures information related to pure water molecule diffusion and microcirculation perfusion,thus compensating for the shortcomings of DWI.The number of studies examining the application of IVIM-DWI in patients with HCC has gradually increased over the last few years,and many results show that IVIMDWI has vital value for HCC differentiation,pathological grading,and predicting and evaluating the treatment response.The present study principally reviews the principle of IVIM-DWI and its research progress in HCC differentiation,pathological grading,predicting and evaluating the treatment response,predicting postoperative recurrence and predicting gene expression prediction.展开更多
The expression of BAX in carotid atherosclcrosis and its regulation is far from defined. Objectives To investigate BAX expression in stable/fibrous and instable/vulnerable carotid plaque and its clinical significance....The expression of BAX in carotid atherosclcrosis and its regulation is far from defined. Objectives To investigate BAX expression in stable/fibrous and instable/vulnerable carotid plaque and its clinical significance. Methods 25 cases of carotid plaque specimens obtained from endarterectomy were divided into two groups, stable/fibrous 14 cases, vulnerable/instable 11 cases; aortic artery and its branches from hepatic transplantation donors 6 case as control. The expression of proapoptotic BAX was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization(ISH) and in situ TdT dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results 5 eases of BAX (+) were detected by ICH and ISH, 4 case of TUNEL (+) were detected by TUNEL in stable/fibrous carotid plaque, while 10 cases were BAX (+)by IHC(P<0.05) , 11 case by ISH and 9 case by TUNEL were detected in instable/vulnerable carotid plaque (P<0.01), respectively. The intensity of BAX (+) cells by IHC and ISH was 8.63±2.62 and 10.32±3.12 in fibrous plaques, whereas 122±21.64 and 152±23.35 in vulnerable plaques, respectively. No expression of BAX was found in controlled group. Conclusion The higher expression of Bax in vulnerable carotid plaque may be one mechanisms in molecular pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis which affect plaque stability and be the cause of higher incidence of stroke than fibrous carotid plaques, the regulation of BAX expression in different stage of atherosclerosis may provide targets in gene therapy for carotid atherosclerosis.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)in Central China Normal University(Nos.QLPL2022P01,QLPL202106)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Education Department(No.Q20131603)+2 种基金National key research,development program of China(No.2018YFE0104700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175085)Fundamental research funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU220N003).
文摘The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√s_(NN)=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculations of differential v_(2)based on the advanced flow extraction method of light flavor hadrons(pions,kaons,protons,andΛ)in small collision systems were extended to a wider transverse momentum(p_(T))range of up to 8 GeV/c for the first time.The string-melting version of the AMPT model provides a good description of the measured p_(T)-differential v_(2)of the mesons but exhibits a slight deviation from the baryon v_(2).In addition,we observed the features of mass ordering at low p_(T)and the approximate number-of-constituentquark(NCQ)scaling at intermediate p_(T).Moreover,we demonstrate that hadronic rescattering does not have a significant impact on v_(2)in p-Pb collisions for different centrality selections,whereas partonic scattering dominates in generating the elliptic anisotropy of the final particles.This study provides further insight into the origin of collective-like behavior in small collision systems and has referential value for future measurements of azimuthal anisotropy.
文摘BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become the standard care for advanced adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG),although a part of the patients cannot benefit from NAC.There are no models based on baseline computed tomography(CT)to predict response of Siewert type II or III AEG to NAC with docetaxel,oxaliplatin and S-1(DOS).AIM To develop a CT-based nomogram to predict response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with confirmed Siewert type II/III AEG underwent CT before and after three cycles of NAC with DOS,and were randomly and consecutively assigned to the training cohort(TC)(n=94)and the validation cohort(VC)(n=34).Therapeutic effect was assessed by disease-control rate and progressive disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1)criteria.Possible prognostic factors associated with responses after DOS treatment including Siewert classification,gross tumor volume(GTV),and cT and cN stages were evaluated using pretherapeutic CT data in addition to sex and age.Univariate and multivariate analyses of CT and clinical features in the TC were performed to determine independent factors associated with response to DOS.A nomogram was established based on independent factors to predict the response.The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by Concordance index(C-index),calibration and receiver operating characteristics curve in the TC and VC.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that Siewert type(52/55 vs 29/39,P=0.005),pretherapeutic cT stage(57/62 vs 24/32,P=0.028),GTV(47.3±27.4 vs 73.2±54.3,P=0.040)were significantly associated with response to DOS in the TC.Multivariate analysis of the TC also showed that the pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type were independent predictive factors related to response to DOS(odds ratio=4.631,1.027 and 7.639,respectively;all P<0.05).The nomogram developed with these independent factors showed an excellent performance to predict response to DOS in the TC and VC(C-index:0.838 and 0.824),with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.838 and 0.824,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the practical and predicted response to DOS effectively coincided.CONCLUSION A novel nomogram developed with pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type predicted the response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81050033Key Projects in the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Pillar Program,No. 2011SZ0237the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province,China,No. 2010JQ0039
文摘AIM:To determine whether and how magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based total liver volume(TLV) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) could predict liver fibrosis.METHODS:Sixteen experimental mature mini-pigs(6 males,10 females),weighing between 20.0 and 24.0 kg were prospectively used to model liver fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4 dissolved in fat emulsion twice a week for 16 wk,and by feeding 40% CCl4 mixed with maize flour twice daily for the subsequent 5 wk.All the survival animals underwent percutaneous liver biopsy and DWI using b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2 followed by abdominal gadolinium-enhanced MRI at the 0,5th,9th,16th and 21st weekend after beginning of the modeling.TLV was obtained on enhanced MRI,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) was obtained on DWI.Hepatic tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and Masson' s trichrome staining for staging liver fibrosis.Pathological specimens were scored using the human METAVIR classification system.Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether and how the TLV and ADC could be used to predict the stage of liver fibrosis.RESULTS:TLV increased from stage 0 to 2 and decreased from stage 3(r = 0.211;P < 0.001).There was a difference in TLV between stage 0-1 and 2-4(P = 0.03) whereas no difference between stage 0-2 and 3-4(P = 0.71).TLV could predict stage ≥ 2 [area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) = 0.682].There was a decrease in ADC values with increasing stage of fibrosis for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2(r =-0.418,-0.535 and-0.622,respectively;all P < 0.001).Differences were found between stage 0-1 and 2-4 in ADC values for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2,and between stage 0-2 and 3-4 for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2(all P < 0.05).For predicting stage ≥ 2 and ≥ 3,AUC was 0.803 and 0.847 for b = 500 s/mm2,and 0.848 and 0.887 for b = 800 s/mm2,respectively.CONCLUSION:ADC for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2 could be better than TLV and ADC for b = 300 s/mm2 to pre-dict fibrosis stage ≥ 2 or ≥ 3.
基金Supported by Projects of Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,No.2016JY0105
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with HCC and is the first treatment choice for patients who are not suitable for surgical resections. The evaluation of the response to TACE treatment affects not only the assessment of the therapy efficacy but also the development of the next step in the treatment plan. The use of imaging to examine changes in tumor volume to assess the response of solid tumors to treatment has been controversial. In recent years, the emergence of new imaging technology has made it possible to observe the response of tumors to treatment prior to any morphological changes. In this article, the advances in studies reporting the use of computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), intravoxel incoherent motion, diffusion kurtosis imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance perfusionweighted imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/MRI to assess the TACE treatment response are reviewed.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81050033the Key Projects of Sichuan Province Science and Technology Pillar Program,No.2011SZ0237+2 种基金the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province in China,No.2010JQ0039the Key Science and Technology Project of Chinese Ministry of Public Health,No.2014114the Natural Science Key Project of North Sichuan Medical College,No.CBY12-A-ZD03
文摘AIM: To determine whether the combination of platelet count(PLT) with spleen volume parameters and right liver volume(RV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) could predict the Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices(EV).METHODS: Two hundred and five cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 40 healthy volunteers underwent abdominal triphasic-enhancement MRI and laboratory examination of PLT in 109/L. Cirrhotic patients underwent endoscopy for detecting EV. Spleen maximal width(W), thickness(T) and length(L) in mm together with spleen volume(SV) and RV in mm3 were measured by MRI, and spleen volume index(SI) in mm3 was obtained by W × T × L. SV/PLT, SI/PLT and RV × PLT/SV(RVPS) were calculated and statistically analyzed to assess cirrhosis and EV.RESULTS: SV/PLT(r = 0.676) and SI/PLT(r = 0.707) increased, and PLT(r =-0.626) and RVPS(r =-0.802) decreased with the progress of Child-Pugh class(P < 0.001 for all). All parameters could determine the presence of cirrhosis, distinguish between each class of Child-Pugh class, and identify the presence of EV [the areas under the curve(AUCs) = 0.661-0.973]. A m o n g p a ra m e t e r s, R V P S c o u l d b e s t d e t e r m i n e presence and each class of cirrhosis with AUCs of 0.973 and 0.740-0.853, respectively; and SV/PLT could best identify EV with an AUC of 0.782.CONCLUSION: The combination of PLT with SV and RV could predict Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis and identify the presence of esophageal varices.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91631306 to BS,31671329 to XQ,31460287 to Ou.,31501013 to HZ and 31360032 to CC)+2 种基金the National 973 program(2012CB518202 to TW)the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF15-05,GREKF16-04)the Zhufeng Scholar Program of Tibetan University
文摘Tibetans are well adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene(GCH1, GTP-cyclohydrolase I), involved in maintaining nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) function and normal blood pressure, that harbors many potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We resequenced an 80.8 kb fragment covering the entire gene region of GCH1 in 50 unrelated Tibetans. Combined with previously published data, we demonstrated many GCH1 variants showing deep divergence between highlander Tibetans and lowlander Han Chinese. Neutrality tests confirmed a signal of positive Darwinian selection on GCH1 in Tibetans. Moreover, association analysis indicated that the Tibetan version of GCH1 was significantly associated with multiple physiological traits in Tibetans, including blood nitric oxide concentration, blood oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration. Taken together, we propose that GCH1 plays a role in the genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81050033Key Projects in the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Pillar Program,No.2011SZ0237+2 种基金the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province in China,No.2010JQ0039Key Science and Technology Project of Chinese Ministry of Public Health,No.2014114Natural Science Key Project of North Sichuan Medical College,No.CBY12-A-ZD03
文摘AIM:To investigate whether liver lobe volume and albumin(ALB) could predict the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis,and esophageal varices.METHODS:Seventy-one cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 21 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study.All the participants underwent abdominal enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to measure each liver lobe volume,and biochemical workup for testing ALB and Child-Pugh class.All cirrhotic patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to show the presence of cirrhotic esophageal varices.Right liver lobe volume(RV),left medial liver lobe volume(LMV),left lateral liver lobe volume(LLV),and caudate lobe volume(CV) were measured using enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.The ratios of RV to ALB(RV/ALB),LMV to ALB(LMV/ALB),LLV to ALB(LLV/ALB) and CV to ALB(CV/ALB) were calculated.Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether and how the combination of liver lobe volume measured using magnetic resonance imaging and albumin could predict the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis,and the presence of esophageal varices.RESULTS:RV,LMV,LLV and CV decreased(r =-0.51-0.373; all P < 0.05),while RV/ALB increased(r = 0.424; P < 0.05),with the progress of Child-Pugh classof liver cirrhosis.RV,LMV,CV,LLV/ALB and CV/ALB could identify presence of liver cirrhosis; LLV and LMV could distinguish Child-Pugh class A from B; RV,LMV,LLV,CV,RV/ALB and LLV/ALB could distinguish class A from C; RV and LLV/ALB could differentiate B from C; and RV,RV/ALB and CV/ALB could identify presence of esophageal varices(all P < 0.05).Among these parameters,CV/ALB could best identify the presence of liver cirrhosis,with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.860,a sensitivity of 82.0% and a specificity of 83.0%.LLV could best distinguish class A from B,with an AUC of 0.761,a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 73.1%.RV could best distinguish class A from C,with an AUC of 0.900,a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 84.5%.LLV/ALB could best distinguish class B from C,with an AUC of 0.900,a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 81.5%.RV/ALB could best identify esophageal varices,with an AUC of 0.890,a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 83.5%.CONCLUSION:The combination of liver lobe volume and ALB has potential to identify presence and severity of cirrhosis,and presence of esophageal varices.
基金This research was supported by the Science Found of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C32082)
文摘Objective To investigate the renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. water extracts in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each), "control group" with intraperitoneal saline injection, "diabetic group" with 60 mg of intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection per kg of body weight and "Hsian-tsao group" with intragastric administration of Hsian-tsao extraction everyday for 4 weeks after intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. The body weight and blood sugar were measured before and after model induction in the three groups. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expressions in the kidney were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Kidney ultrastructural changes were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results Before diabetic model induction, there were no significant differences among the three groups in body weight and blood sugar. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the differences became statistically significant. Electron microscopy also revealed disruption of the foot processes of the podocytes and other damages in diabetic group. These damages were significantly less severe in Hsian-tsao group when compared with the diabetic group. TSP-1 expressions in the kidney were significantly increased in both the diabetic group and Hsian-tsao group, but it was relatively lower in Hsian-tsao group than in diabetic group. Conclusion Our results showed that Hsian-tsao treatment in the diabetic rats effectively prevented the pathological alterations in the kidney and decreased the TSP-1 expression. It was suggested that Hsian-tsao had protective effect on the kidneys of the diabetic rats.
基金Supported by Key project of Science and Technology Research, Ministry of Education, China, No. 206126
文摘AIM: To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP) on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were underwent MR imaging. MR imaging sequences included fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) fat saturation axial T1-weighted imaging, gradient echo T1-weighted (in phase), single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) T2-weighted, respiratory triggered (R-T) T2-weighted with fat saturation, and MR cholangiopancreatography. Using the MR severity score index, pancreatitis was graded as mild (0-2 points), moderate (3-6 points) and severe (7-10 points). RESULTS: Among the 53 patients, IEP was graded as mild in 37 patients and as moderate in 16 patients. Forty-seven of 53 (89%) patients had at least one abnormality on MR images. Pancreas was hypointense relative to liver on FSPGR T1-weighted images in 18.9% of patients, and hyperintense in 25% and 30% on SSFSE T2-weighted and R-T T2-weighted images, respectively. The prevalences of the findings of IEP on R-T T2- weighted images were, respectively, 85% for pancreatic fascial plane, 77% for left renal fascial plane, 55% for peripancreatic fat stranding, 42% for right renal fascial plane, 45% for perivascular fluid, 40% for thickened pancreatic lobular septum and 25% for peripancreatic fluid, which were markedly higher than those on in-phase or SSFSE T2-weighted images (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: IEP primarily manifests on non-enhanced MR images as thickened pancreatic fascial plane, left renal fascial plane, peripancreatic fat stranding, and peripancreatic fluid. R-T T2-weighted imaging is more sensitive than in-phase and SSFSE T2-weighted imaging for depicting IEP.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81271643
文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignanttumors and remains a treatment-refractory cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm depends mainly on imaging and which methods are conducive to detecting small lesions. Compared to the other techniques, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has irreplaceable advantages and can provide valuable information unattainable with other noninvasive or minimally invasive imaging techniques. Advances in MR hardware and pulse sequence design have particularly improved the quality and robustness of MRI of the pancreas. Diffusion MR imaging serves as one of the common functional MRI techniques and is the only technique that can be used to reflect the diffusion movement of water molecules in vivo. It is generally known that diffusion properties depend on the characterization of intrinsic features of tissue microdynamics and microstructure. With the improvement of the diffusion models, diffusion MR imaging techniques are increasingly varied, from the simplest and most commonly used technique to the more complex. In this review, the various diffusion MRI techniques for pancreatic cancer are discussed, including conventional diffusion weighted imaging(DWI), multi-b DWI based on intra-voxel incoherent motion theory, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging. The principles, main parameters, advantages and limitations of these techniques, as well as future directions for pancreatic diffusion imaging are also discussed.
文摘Primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other pathological types and is characterized by rapid progression. Most of the clinical diagnoses are made at late stage or when distant metastasis occurs, increasing the difficulty of treatment and resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PHC plays an important role in timely treatment and the improvement of prognosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer is liver biopsy, but it has limitations as an invasive examination. Presently, imaging has become the first choice for the diagnosis of liver cancer. We here summarize the new methods and techniques of imaging in diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver cancer in recent years, including ultrasonography, computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging technology-voxel incoherent motion, diffusion tensor imaging, iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-iron quantification, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and hepatocyte-specific contrast medium imaging. Imaging diagnosis can not only evaluate the degree of differentiation, blood supply and perfusion, and invasiveness of the lesion, but also predict the prognosis, evaluate liver function, andprovide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
基金Supported by the Projects of the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,No.2016JY0105.
文摘Traditional magnetic resonance(MR)diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses a single exponential model to obtain the apparent diffusion coefficient to quantitatively reflect the diffusion motion of water molecules in living tissues,but it is affected by blood perfusion.Intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)-DWI utilizes a double-exponential model to obtain information on pure water molecule diffusion and microcirculatory perfusion-related diffusion,which compensates for the insufficiency of traditional DWI.In recent years,research on the application of IVIM-DWI in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases has gradually increased and has achieved considerable progress.This study mainly reviews the basic principles of IVIM-DWI and related research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91631306 to BS,31671329 to XQ,31460287 to Ou,31501013 to HZ,and 31360032 to CC)+2 种基金the National 973 program(2012CB518202 to TW)the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF15-05,GREKF16-04)the Zhufeng Scholar Program of Tibetan University
文摘The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300(histone acetyltransferase p300), we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide(NO) concentration. Col ectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.
文摘AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these patients were divided into two groups according to the MRI results:those with signs of gallstones,cholecystitis,common bile duct(CBD)stones or dilatation of the CBD on MRI and those without.the prevalence,shape and distribution of HAP in the two groups were analyzed and compared.the severity of AP was graded using the MR severity index(MRSI).the correlation between the MRSI and HAP was then analyzed.RESULTS:Of the 51 patients with AP,32(63%)showed at least one sign of gallbladder and CBD abnormalities on the MR images,while 19(37%)showed no sign of gallbladder or CBD abnormalities.Nineteen patients(37%)had HAP visible in the enhanced images,including strip-,wedge-or patch-shaped HAP distributed in the hepatic tissue adjacent to the gallbladder and left and right liver lobes.there were no significant differences in the prevalence of HAP(χ2=0.305,P=0.581>0.05)or HAP distribution in the liver(χ2=2.181,P=0.536>0.05)between patients with and without gallbladder and CBD abnormalities.there were no significant differences in the MRSI score between patients with and without HAP(t=0.559,P=0.552>0.05).HAP was not correlated with the MRSI score.CONCLUSION:HAP is common in patients with AP and appears strip-,patch-or wedge-shaped on MRI.HAP on MRI cannot be used to indicate the severity of AP.
文摘As one kind of infectious diseases of adrenal gland, adrenal tuberculosis can result in a life-threatening disorder which is called primary adrenal insufficiency(PAI) due to the destruction of adrenal cortex. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) play significant roles in the diagnosis of this etiology of PAI based on the CT and MRI appearances of the adrenal lesions. In this mini-review, we intend to study the CT and MRI features of adrenal tuberculosis, which could be helpful to both endocrinologist and radiologist to establish a definitive diagnosis for adrenal tuberculosis resulting in PAI.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors(GTs)are among the most com-mon tumors of the digestive system and are among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is crucial for assessment of histopathological changes and therapeutic responses of GTs before and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy.A new functional MRI technique,intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM),could reveal more detailed useful information regarding many diseases.Currently,IVIM is widely used for various tumors because the derived parameters(diffusion coefficient,D;pseudo-perfusion diffusion coefficient,D*;and perfusion fraction,f)are thought to be important surrogate imaging biomarkers for gaining insights into tissue physiology.They can simultaneously reflect the microenvironment,microcirculation in the capillary network(perfusion)and diffusion in tumor tissues without contrast agent intra-venous administration.The sensitivity and specificity of these parameters used in the evaluation of GTs vary,the results of IVIM in GTs are discrepant and the variability of IVIM measurements in response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in these studies remains a source of controversy.Therefore,there are questions as to whether IVIM diffusion-weighted MRI is feasible and helpful in the evaluation of GTs,and whether it is worthy of expanded use.
基金Supported by the Project of Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,No.2016JY0105Project of Medical Association of Sichuan Province,No.S20070the Project of City-University Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation of Nanchong City(North Sichuan Medical College),No.20SXQT0324.
文摘The morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)rank 6th and 4th,respectively,among malignant tumors worldwide.Traditional diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)uses the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)obtained by applying the monoexponential model to reflect water molecule diffusion in active tissue;however,the value of ADC is affected by microcirculation perfusion.Using a biexponential model,intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)-DWI quantitatively measures information related to pure water molecule diffusion and microcirculation perfusion,thus compensating for the shortcomings of DWI.The number of studies examining the application of IVIM-DWI in patients with HCC has gradually increased over the last few years,and many results show that IVIMDWI has vital value for HCC differentiation,pathological grading,and predicting and evaluating the treatment response.The present study principally reviews the principle of IVIM-DWI and its research progress in HCC differentiation,pathological grading,predicting and evaluating the treatment response,predicting postoperative recurrence and predicting gene expression prediction.
文摘The expression of BAX in carotid atherosclcrosis and its regulation is far from defined. Objectives To investigate BAX expression in stable/fibrous and instable/vulnerable carotid plaque and its clinical significance. Methods 25 cases of carotid plaque specimens obtained from endarterectomy were divided into two groups, stable/fibrous 14 cases, vulnerable/instable 11 cases; aortic artery and its branches from hepatic transplantation donors 6 case as control. The expression of proapoptotic BAX was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization(ISH) and in situ TdT dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results 5 eases of BAX (+) were detected by ICH and ISH, 4 case of TUNEL (+) were detected by TUNEL in stable/fibrous carotid plaque, while 10 cases were BAX (+)by IHC(P<0.05) , 11 case by ISH and 9 case by TUNEL were detected in instable/vulnerable carotid plaque (P<0.01), respectively. The intensity of BAX (+) cells by IHC and ISH was 8.63±2.62 and 10.32±3.12 in fibrous plaques, whereas 122±21.64 and 152±23.35 in vulnerable plaques, respectively. No expression of BAX was found in controlled group. Conclusion The higher expression of Bax in vulnerable carotid plaque may be one mechanisms in molecular pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis which affect plaque stability and be the cause of higher incidence of stroke than fibrous carotid plaques, the regulation of BAX expression in different stage of atherosclerosis may provide targets in gene therapy for carotid atherosclerosis.
