Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men ag...Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men aged 40-74 years from 2002 to 2006 and 74,941 women aged 40-70 years from 1997 to 2000 were recruited to undergo baseline surveys in urban Shanghai, with response rates of 74.0% and 92.3%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate relative risks(RRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of deaths associated with cigarette smoking. PARs and 95% CIs for deaths were estimated from smoking exposure rates and the estimated RRs.Results: Cigarette smoking was responsible for 23.9%(95% CI: 19.4-28.3%) and 2.4%(95% CI: 1.6-3.2%) of all deaths in men and women, respectively, in our study population. Respiratory disease had the highest PAR in men [37.5%(95% CI: 21.5-51.6%)], followed by cancer [31.3%(95% CI: 24.6-37.7%)] and cardiovascular disease(CVD) [24.1%(95% CI: 16.7-31.2%)]. While the top three PARs were 12.7%(95% CI: 6.1-19.3%), 4.0%(95% CI: 2.4-5.6%), and 1.1%(95% CI: 0.0-2.3%), for respiratory disease, CVD, and cancer, respectively in women. For deaths of lung cancer, the PAR of smoking was 68.4%(95% CI: 58.2-76.5%) in men.Conclusions: In urban Shanghai, 23.9% and 2.4% of all deaths in men and women could have been prevented if no people had smoked in the area. Effective control programs against cigarette smoking should be strongly advocated to reduce the increasing smoking-related death burden.展开更多
ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 populati...ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 population controls, we examined the association of self-reported serologic blood type with endometrial cancer risk using a logistic regression model. Women with endometrial cancer were more likely to have blood type A. Compared to women with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratios for endometrial cancer were 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.28] for type B, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.90-1.69) for type AB, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.90) for type A. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for cancer risk and level of antigen A (P for trend = 0.0003). The positive association of blood type A with cancer risk was observed regardless of menopausal status, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, or family cancer history. Our results suggest that ABO blood type may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer.展开更多
A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on ch...A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunc-tional cytokine that may play an important role in tumor development and progression. METHODS We evaluated gene expression patterns of TGF-β1 and its ...OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunc-tional cytokine that may play an important role in tumor development and progression. METHODS We evaluated gene expression patterns of TGF-β1 and its receptors [transforming growth factor β type I receptor (TβR-Ⅰ) and transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TβR-Ⅱ)] in tumor tissue from patients with breast cancer or with benign breast diseases (BBD) and adja-cent normal tissue from the patients with breast cancer. Included in the study were 527 breast cancer patients and 213 BBD patients who participated in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. RESULTS The expression levels of the TGF-β1, TβR-Ⅰand TβR-Ⅱ genes in breast tissue were quantified using real-time PCR. TβR-Ⅱ expres-sion in cancer tissue was decreased by over 50% as compared to either adjacent normal tissue from the same patients or benign tumor tissue from BBD patients (p<0.001). TGF-β1 expression was lower by approximately 20% in cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue (p=0.14) or to be-nign tumor tissue (p=0.002). Although TβR-Ⅰ expression was also reduced in cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue, or benign tumor tissue, the magnitude of the reduction was less apparent than that for TβR-Ⅱ. Compared to patients with the lowest tertile value for TβR-Ⅱ, patients with median tertile value for TβR-Ⅱ had more favorable overall survival (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.85) and disease-free survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39-1.06). No apparent associations, however, were observed between TGF-β1 or TβR-Ⅰ expression and overall or disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The results from this study support the hypothesis that a decreased level of TβR-Ⅱ gene expression, and thus reduced TGF-β1 sensitivity, is related to breast tumor progression.展开更多
基金supported by the funds of Key Discipline and Specialty Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planningthe National Key Basic Research Program "973 project" (2015CB554000)grants from US National Institutes of Health (R37 CA070867, R01 CA82729, UM1CA173640, and UM1 CA182910)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men aged 40-74 years from 2002 to 2006 and 74,941 women aged 40-70 years from 1997 to 2000 were recruited to undergo baseline surveys in urban Shanghai, with response rates of 74.0% and 92.3%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate relative risks(RRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of deaths associated with cigarette smoking. PARs and 95% CIs for deaths were estimated from smoking exposure rates and the estimated RRs.Results: Cigarette smoking was responsible for 23.9%(95% CI: 19.4-28.3%) and 2.4%(95% CI: 1.6-3.2%) of all deaths in men and women, respectively, in our study population. Respiratory disease had the highest PAR in men [37.5%(95% CI: 21.5-51.6%)], followed by cancer [31.3%(95% CI: 24.6-37.7%)] and cardiovascular disease(CVD) [24.1%(95% CI: 16.7-31.2%)]. While the top three PARs were 12.7%(95% CI: 6.1-19.3%), 4.0%(95% CI: 2.4-5.6%), and 1.1%(95% CI: 0.0-2.3%), for respiratory disease, CVD, and cancer, respectively in women. For deaths of lung cancer, the PAR of smoking was 68.4%(95% CI: 58.2-76.5%) in men.Conclusions: In urban Shanghai, 23.9% and 2.4% of all deaths in men and women could have been prevented if no people had smoked in the area. Effective control programs against cigarette smoking should be strongly advocated to reduce the increasing smoking-related death burden.
基金supported by United States Public Health Service (USPHS) grant R01CA92585 from the National Cancer Institute
文摘ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 population controls, we examined the association of self-reported serologic blood type with endometrial cancer risk using a logistic regression model. Women with endometrial cancer were more likely to have blood type A. Compared to women with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratios for endometrial cancer were 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.28] for type B, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.90-1.69) for type AB, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.90) for type A. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for cancer risk and level of antigen A (P for trend = 0.0003). The positive association of blood type A with cancer risk was observed regardless of menopausal status, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, or family cancer history. Our results suggest that ABO blood type may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer.
基金supported in part by the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485)supported by a National Cancer Institute grant (R01 CA92585, PI: Xiao-Ou Shu)
文摘A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.
基金a grant from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (05JC14086)NIH grants RO1 CA64277 and RO1 CA90899 from the National Cancer Institute,USA.
文摘OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunc-tional cytokine that may play an important role in tumor development and progression. METHODS We evaluated gene expression patterns of TGF-β1 and its receptors [transforming growth factor β type I receptor (TβR-Ⅰ) and transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TβR-Ⅱ)] in tumor tissue from patients with breast cancer or with benign breast diseases (BBD) and adja-cent normal tissue from the patients with breast cancer. Included in the study were 527 breast cancer patients and 213 BBD patients who participated in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. RESULTS The expression levels of the TGF-β1, TβR-Ⅰand TβR-Ⅱ genes in breast tissue were quantified using real-time PCR. TβR-Ⅱ expres-sion in cancer tissue was decreased by over 50% as compared to either adjacent normal tissue from the same patients or benign tumor tissue from BBD patients (p<0.001). TGF-β1 expression was lower by approximately 20% in cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue (p=0.14) or to be-nign tumor tissue (p=0.002). Although TβR-Ⅰ expression was also reduced in cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue, or benign tumor tissue, the magnitude of the reduction was less apparent than that for TβR-Ⅱ. Compared to patients with the lowest tertile value for TβR-Ⅱ, patients with median tertile value for TβR-Ⅱ had more favorable overall survival (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.85) and disease-free survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39-1.06). No apparent associations, however, were observed between TGF-β1 or TβR-Ⅰ expression and overall or disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The results from this study support the hypothesis that a decreased level of TβR-Ⅱ gene expression, and thus reduced TGF-β1 sensitivity, is related to breast tumor progression.
