Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor c...Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.展开更多
Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fer...Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.展开更多
A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of...A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.展开更多
This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentraliz...This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentralized unknown input observer is established to estimate relative states and actuator faults.Second,the estimated and output neighboring information is combined with distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking controllers.Criteria of reaching leader-following exponential consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under both connectivity-maintained and connectivity-mixed attacks are derived with average dwelling time,attack frequency,and attack activation rate technique,respectively.Simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant consensus tracking algorithm.展开更多
This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loo...This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loop interconnected system is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense in probability for all admissible uncertainties and time delays. Sufficient conditions for robustly asymptotically stability of the systems are given in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）.展开更多
The Brewster reflectionless effect stands out as one of the simplest yet pivotal discoveries in manipulating waves[1,2].Initial investigations were limited to isotropic materials,but later,thanks to the advent of meta...The Brewster reflectionless effect stands out as one of the simplest yet pivotal discoveries in manipulating waves[1,2].Initial investigations were limited to isotropic materials,but later,thanks to the advent of metamaterials,the phenomenon was found to expand into anisotropic materials.An anomalous Brewster effect has been recently demonstrated in metamaterials with rotation angle,thus increasing the number of degrees of freedom[3].In materials without magnetic responses,the Brewster effect exclusively applies to transverse-magnetic(TM,or p-wave polarization)waves[4].展开更多
Background and Aims:Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)plays a role in the excessive generation of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis.This study aimed to explore the pathways through which TIMP-1 contr...Background and Aims:Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)plays a role in the excessive generation of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis.This study aimed to explore the pathways through which TIMP-1 controls monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)expression and promotes hepatic macrophage recruitment.Methods:Liver fibrosis was triggered through carbon tetrachloride,and an adenoassociated virus containing small interfering RNA targeting TIMP-1(siRNA-TIMP-1)was administered to both rats and mice.We assessed the extent of fibrosis and macrophage recruitment.The molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage recruitment by TIMP-1 were investigated through transwell migration assays,luciferase reporter assays,the use of pharmacological modulators,and an analysis of extracellular vesicles(EVs).Results:siRNA-TIMP-1 alleviated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis,reducing macrophage migration and MCP-1 expression.Co-culturing macrophages with hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)post-TIMP-1 downregulation inhibited macrophage migration.In siRNATIMP-1-treated HSCs,microRNA-145(miRNA-145)expression increased,while the expression of Friend leukemia virus integration-1(Fli-1)and MCP-1 was inhibited.Downregulation of Fli-1 led to decreased MCP-1 expression,whereas Fli-1 overexpression increased MCP-1 expression within HSCs.Transfection with miRNA-145 mimics reduced the expression of both Fli-1 and MCP-1,while miRNA-145 inhibitors elevated the expression of both Fli-1 and MCP-1 in HSCs.miRNA-145 bound directly to the 3'-UTR of Fli-1,and mi RNA-145-EN-riched EVs secreted by HSCs after TIMP-1 downregulation influenced macrophage recruitment.Conclusions:TIMP-1 induces Fli-1 expression through miRNA-145,subsequently increasing MCP-1 expression and macrophage recruitment.MiRNA-145-enriched EVs from HSCs can transmit biological information and magnify the function of TIMP-1.展开更多
Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(S...Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we have designed a CuZn diatomic site(CuZn-DAS)electrocatalyst with unique coordination structure(CuN_(4)-ZnN_(4))by anchoring and ordering the spatial distance between the metal precursors on the carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))derived N-doped carbon(NC)substrate.The CuZn-DAS/NC shows high activity and selectivity for electroreduction CO_(2)into CO.The Faradaic efficiency for CO of CuZn-DAS/NC(98.4%)is higher than that of Cu single atomic site on NC(Cu-SAS/NC)(36.4%)and Zn single atomic site on NC(Zn-SAS/NC)(66.8%)at-0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).In situ characterizations reveal that the CuZn-DAS is more favorable for the formation and adsorption of^(*)COOH than those of the electrocatalysts with single atomic site.Theorical calculations show that the charge redistribution of Zn site in CuZn-DAS/NC caused by the considerable electron transfers from Zn atoms to the adjacent Cu atoms can reduce the adsorption energy barriers for^(*)COOH and^(*)CO production,improving the activity and CO selectivity.展开更多
Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge...Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge to governments due to the dynamics and complexity of the taxi system.To address this challenge,this paper develops a discrete-event-based simulation framework to simulate participants in the system and estimate the results under different substitution scales,which are helpful to understanding the status changing law of entities under different substitution scales,such as the operating indices of ETs,the unsatisfied travel requirements of passengers,and the usage state of charging facilities.The framework abstracts the behavioral process of ETs into three elements,namely,entity,behavior,and event.The entities are constructed from the information derived from the trajectory data.The behaviors are defined by rules following behavioral logic under anxiety psychology,which is caused by the limited range of ETs.The events are triggered based on rules from reality.With the help of this framework,a multi-objective optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal substitution scale of GTs in the case study area of Zhengzhou City.Overall,the approach could provide a practical tool to address this challenge,which could support further studies of the effect of ETs on urban taxis.展开更多
In this study,piezoelectric elements were added to a reciprocating friction test bench to harvest friction‐induced vibration energy.Parameters such as vibration acceleration,noise,and voltage signals of the system we...In this study,piezoelectric elements were added to a reciprocating friction test bench to harvest friction‐induced vibration energy.Parameters such as vibration acceleration,noise,and voltage signals of the system were measured and analyzed.The results show that the piezoelectric elements can not only collect vibration energy but also suppress friction‐induced vibration noise(FIVN).Additionally,the wear of the friction interface was examined via optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and white‐light interferometry(WLI).The results show that the surface wear state improved because of the reduction of FIVN.In order to analyze the experimental results in detail and explain them reasonably,the experimental phenomena were simulated numerically.Moreover,a simplified two‐degree‐of‐freedom numerical model including the original system and the piezoelectric system was established to qualitatively describe the effects,dynamics,and tribological behaviors of the added piezoelectric elements to the original system.展开更多
Understanding the way individuals are interconnected in social networks is of prime significance to predict their collective outcomes.Leveraging a large-scale dataset from a knowledge-sharing website,this paper presen...Understanding the way individuals are interconnected in social networks is of prime significance to predict their collective outcomes.Leveraging a large-scale dataset from a knowledge-sharing website,this paper presents an exploratory investigation of the way to depict structural diversity in directed networks and how it can be utilized to predict one’s online social reputation.To capture the structural diversity of an individual,we first consider the number of weakly and strongly connected components in one’s contact neighborhood and further take the coexposure network of social neighbors into consideration.We show empirical evidence that the structural diversity of an individual is able to provide valuable insights to predict personal online social reputation,and the inclusion of a coexposure network provides an additional ingredient to achieve that goal.After synthetically controlling several possible confounding factors through matching experiments,structural diversity still plays a nonnegligible role in the prediction of personal online social reputation.Our work constitutes one of the first attempts to empirically study structural diversity in directed networks and has practical implications for a range of domains,such as social influence and collective intelligence studies.展开更多
Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an e...Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms(raindrops,waves,flows,moisture,and natural evaporation).Especially,the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work,which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects.A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices(EHDs)in recent years.However,there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance.Herein,we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials,including carbon materials,biomass-based materials,metal oxides,composite materials,and others.We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design,surface modification,and interface treatment.Finally,we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation,sensors,and desalination technology,as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.展开更多
X-ray free-electron lasers(FELs)provide cutting-edge tools for fundamental researches to study nature down to the atomic level at a time-scale that fits this resolution.A precise knowledge of temporal information of F...X-ray free-electron lasers(FELs)provide cutting-edge tools for fundamental researches to study nature down to the atomic level at a time-scale that fits this resolution.A precise knowledge of temporal information of FEL pulses is the central issue for its applications.Here we proposed and demonstrated a novel method to determine the FEL temporal profiles online.This robust method,designed for ultrafast FELs,allows researchers to acquire real-time longitudinal profiles of FEL pulses as well as their arrive times with respect to the external optical laser with a resolution better than 6 fs.Based on this method,we can also directly measure various properties of FEL pulses and correlations between them online.This helps us to further understand the FEL lasing processes and realize the generation of stable,nearly fully coherent soft X-ray laser pulses at the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL facility.This method will enhance the experimental opportunities for ultrafast science in various areas.展开更多
A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the...A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the first case of HOF with dual sensing of visual color changes and photoluminescence quenching for aniline detection,and the detection limit of aniline can reach5.5 x 10^(-4)mol/L.Under ultraviolet FJU-200 will rapidly change from light yellow to rustic brown,which makes it possible to use FJU-200 to achieve minute-level ultraviolet detection.Moreover,for more convenient use,FJU-200 test papers are prepared.Using them,convenient and fast aniline or ultraviolet detection can be realized.The single-crystal X-ray structures show that compared with the original FJU-200,both PhNH_(2)@FJU-200 and UV-FJU-200 have larger pore sizes,and the dihedral angles of the H_(2)L^(2-)in framework has been changed.展开更多
To generate optical vortex with multiple topological charges,a simple scheme based on the phase mask shaping technique is proposed and applied in a seeded free electron laser.With a tailored phase mask,an extreme-ultr...To generate optical vortex with multiple topological charges,a simple scheme based on the phase mask shaping technique is proposed and applied in a seeded free electron laser.With a tailored phase mask,an extreme-ultraviolet(EUV)vortex with multiple topological charges can be produced.To prove the feasibility of this method,an eight-step phase mask is designed to shape the seed laser.The simulation results demonstrate that 100-MW,fully coherent EUV vortex pulses with topological charge 2 can be generated based on the proposed technique.We have also demonstrated the possibility of generating higher topological charges by using a phase mask with more steps.展开更多
The objective was to investigate the estrogenic effects of Plantaginis Semen aqueous extracts and study the mechanism of action.Mouse uterine weight test and MCF-7cell proliferation assay were used to evaluate the est...The objective was to investigate the estrogenic effects of Plantaginis Semen aqueous extracts and study the mechanism of action.Mouse uterine weight test and MCF-7cell proliferation assay were used to evaluate the estrogenic effects of Plantaginis Semen aqueous extracts.Reporter gene assay were adopted to explore the mechanism展开更多
3-Thiocyanated chromones was conveniently synthesized from alkynyl aryl ketones using commercially available,inexpensive trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA)as oxidant and NH_(4)SCN as thiocyanato(SCN)source.This metalfree...3-Thiocyanated chromones was conveniently synthesized from alkynyl aryl ketones using commercially available,inexpensive trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA)as oxidant and NH_(4)SCN as thiocyanato(SCN)source.This metalfree approach is postulated to first in situ generate thiocyanogen chloride(Cl-SCN)from the reaction of TCCA and NH_(4)SCN,followed by a rare efficient electrophilic thiocyano oxyfunctionalization of alkynes enabled by the reactive electrophilic species generated thereof.展开更多
With the development of deep learning, many motor imagerybrain-computer interfaces based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs) show outstanding performances. However, the trial number ofEEG in the training set is usu...With the development of deep learning, many motor imagerybrain-computer interfaces based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs) show outstanding performances. However, the trial number ofEEG in the training set is usually limited, and redundancy extensivelyexists in multiple channel EEG. Thus, overfitting often appears in CNNbased motor imagery recognition model and greatly affects the performancesof model. In this paper, channel drop out is proposed to addressthis problem by data augmentation and ensemble learning. Specifically,one of all EEG channels will be dropped and replaced by the mean signalof all EEG channels. In this way, the trial number in the training setwas enlarged by channel drop out. And at the testing stage, all the EEGtrials processed by channel drop out were fed to the CNN model and theaverage output probabilities of them were applied to determine the prediction.The experiments were conducted on two popular CNN modelsapplied in motor imagery BCI and BCI Competition IV datasets 2a toverify the performances of the proposed channel drop out approach. Theresults show that average improvements provided by channel drop outin two-category or four-category motor imagery classification are 2.83%and 2.65% compared with the original CNN model. So the channel dropout approach significantly improves the performances of motor imagerybased BCI.展开更多
基金partially supported by a USDA NIFA grant(2018-67015-27479)Walmart Foundation(Project#61626817).
文摘Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship.
文摘Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(T11036061/T0108).
文摘A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018AAA0102804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62020106003,62103250,61773201)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NC2020002,NP2020103)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1414000)。
文摘This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentralized unknown input observer is established to estimate relative states and actuator faults.Second,the estimated and output neighboring information is combined with distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking controllers.Criteria of reaching leader-following exponential consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under both connectivity-maintained and connectivity-mixed attacks are derived with average dwelling time,attack frequency,and attack activation rate technique,respectively.Simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant consensus tracking algorithm.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 60474038, No.70431002)the NSF for Distinguished Young Scholars of P. R.China (No. 60225013)
文摘This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loop interconnected system is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense in probability for all admissible uncertainties and time delays. Sufficient conditions for robustly asymptotically stability of the systems are given in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12361161667 and 12374410)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1407100 and 2020YFA0710100)the China Scholarship Council(202206310008)。
文摘The Brewster reflectionless effect stands out as one of the simplest yet pivotal discoveries in manipulating waves[1,2].Initial investigations were limited to isotropic materials,but later,thanks to the advent of metamaterials,the phenomenon was found to expand into anisotropic materials.An anomalous Brewster effect has been recently demonstrated in metamaterials with rotation angle,thus increasing the number of degrees of freedom[3].In materials without magnetic responses,the Brewster effect exclusively applies to transverse-magnetic(TM,or p-wave polarization)waves[4].
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81570542 and 82170614)the WBE Liver Fibrosis Foundation(grant number CFHPC2021042).
文摘Background and Aims:Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)plays a role in the excessive generation of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis.This study aimed to explore the pathways through which TIMP-1 controls monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)expression and promotes hepatic macrophage recruitment.Methods:Liver fibrosis was triggered through carbon tetrachloride,and an adenoassociated virus containing small interfering RNA targeting TIMP-1(siRNA-TIMP-1)was administered to both rats and mice.We assessed the extent of fibrosis and macrophage recruitment.The molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage recruitment by TIMP-1 were investigated through transwell migration assays,luciferase reporter assays,the use of pharmacological modulators,and an analysis of extracellular vesicles(EVs).Results:siRNA-TIMP-1 alleviated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis,reducing macrophage migration and MCP-1 expression.Co-culturing macrophages with hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)post-TIMP-1 downregulation inhibited macrophage migration.In siRNATIMP-1-treated HSCs,microRNA-145(miRNA-145)expression increased,while the expression of Friend leukemia virus integration-1(Fli-1)and MCP-1 was inhibited.Downregulation of Fli-1 led to decreased MCP-1 expression,whereas Fli-1 overexpression increased MCP-1 expression within HSCs.Transfection with miRNA-145 mimics reduced the expression of both Fli-1 and MCP-1,while miRNA-145 inhibitors elevated the expression of both Fli-1 and MCP-1 in HSCs.miRNA-145 bound directly to the 3'-UTR of Fli-1,and mi RNA-145-EN-riched EVs secreted by HSCs after TIMP-1 downregulation influenced macrophage recruitment.Conclusions:TIMP-1 induces Fli-1 expression through miRNA-145,subsequently increasing MCP-1 expression and macrophage recruitment.MiRNA-145-enriched EVs from HSCs can transmit biological information and magnify the function of TIMP-1.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073124 and 52273058)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.SBK2022030167)+1 种基金the MOE&SAFEA,111 Project(No.B13025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we have designed a CuZn diatomic site(CuZn-DAS)electrocatalyst with unique coordination structure(CuN_(4)-ZnN_(4))by anchoring and ordering the spatial distance between the metal precursors on the carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))derived N-doped carbon(NC)substrate.The CuZn-DAS/NC shows high activity and selectivity for electroreduction CO_(2)into CO.The Faradaic efficiency for CO of CuZn-DAS/NC(98.4%)is higher than that of Cu single atomic site on NC(Cu-SAS/NC)(36.4%)and Zn single atomic site on NC(Zn-SAS/NC)(66.8%)at-0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).In situ characterizations reveal that the CuZn-DAS is more favorable for the formation and adsorption of^(*)COOH than those of the electrocatalysts with single atomic site.Theorical calculations show that the charge redistribution of Zn site in CuZn-DAS/NC caused by the considerable electron transfers from Zn atoms to the adjacent Cu atoms can reduce the adsorption energy barriers for^(*)COOH and^(*)CO production,improving the activity and CO selectivity.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant 41771473]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant 2042020kfxg24].
文摘Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge to governments due to the dynamics and complexity of the taxi system.To address this challenge,this paper develops a discrete-event-based simulation framework to simulate participants in the system and estimate the results under different substitution scales,which are helpful to understanding the status changing law of entities under different substitution scales,such as the operating indices of ETs,the unsatisfied travel requirements of passengers,and the usage state of charging facilities.The framework abstracts the behavioral process of ETs into three elements,namely,entity,behavior,and event.The entities are constructed from the information derived from the trajectory data.The behaviors are defined by rules following behavioral logic under anxiety psychology,which is caused by the limited range of ETs.The events are triggered based on rules from reality.With the help of this framework,a multi-objective optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal substitution scale of GTs in the case study area of Zhengzhou City.Overall,the approach could provide a practical tool to address this challenge,which could support further studies of the effect of ETs on urban taxis.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51822508 and 11672052)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2020JDTD0012).
文摘In this study,piezoelectric elements were added to a reciprocating friction test bench to harvest friction‐induced vibration energy.Parameters such as vibration acceleration,noise,and voltage signals of the system were measured and analyzed.The results show that the piezoelectric elements can not only collect vibration energy but also suppress friction‐induced vibration noise(FIVN).Additionally,the wear of the friction interface was examined via optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and white‐light interferometry(WLI).The results show that the surface wear state improved because of the reduction of FIVN.In order to analyze the experimental results in detail and explain them reasonably,the experimental phenomena were simulated numerically.Moreover,a simplified two‐degree‐of‐freedom numerical model including the original system and the piezoelectric system was established to qualitatively describe the effects,dynamics,and tribological behaviors of the added piezoelectric elements to the original system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61773255 and 61873167)Hong Kong RGC(GRF 11505119)City University of Hong Kong(CCR 9360120 and HKIDS 9360163)。
文摘Understanding the way individuals are interconnected in social networks is of prime significance to predict their collective outcomes.Leveraging a large-scale dataset from a knowledge-sharing website,this paper presents an exploratory investigation of the way to depict structural diversity in directed networks and how it can be utilized to predict one’s online social reputation.To capture the structural diversity of an individual,we first consider the number of weakly and strongly connected components in one’s contact neighborhood and further take the coexposure network of social neighbors into consideration.We show empirical evidence that the structural diversity of an individual is able to provide valuable insights to predict personal online social reputation,and the inclusion of a coexposure network provides an additional ingredient to achieve that goal.After synthetically controlling several possible confounding factors through matching experiments,structural diversity still plays a nonnegligible role in the prediction of personal online social reputation.Our work constitutes one of the first attempts to empirically study structural diversity in directed networks and has practical implications for a range of domains,such as social influence and collective intelligence studies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705400The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:NJ202202+1 种基金The Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Grant/Award Number:MCMS-I-0421K01Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20212008。
文摘Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms(raindrops,waves,flows,moisture,and natural evaporation).Especially,the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work,which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects.A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices(EHDs)in recent years.However,there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance.Herein,we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials,including carbon materials,biomass-based materials,metal oxides,composite materials,and others.We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design,surface modification,and interface treatment.Finally,we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation,sensors,and desalination technology,as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.
文摘X-ray free-electron lasers(FELs)provide cutting-edge tools for fundamental researches to study nature down to the atomic level at a time-scale that fits this resolution.A precise knowledge of temporal information of FEL pulses is the central issue for its applications.Here we proposed and demonstrated a novel method to determine the FEL temporal profiles online.This robust method,designed for ultrafast FELs,allows researchers to acquire real-time longitudinal profiles of FEL pulses as well as their arrive times with respect to the external optical laser with a resolution better than 6 fs.Based on this method,we can also directly measure various properties of FEL pulses and correlations between them online.This helps us to further understand the FEL lasing processes and realize the generation of stable,nearly fully coherent soft X-ray laser pulses at the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL facility.This method will enhance the experimental opportunities for ultrafast science in various areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673039,21573042,21805039,21975044,21971038 and 21922810)the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.2018J07001 and2019H6012)。
文摘A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the first case of HOF with dual sensing of visual color changes and photoluminescence quenching for aniline detection,and the detection limit of aniline can reach5.5 x 10^(-4)mol/L.Under ultraviolet FJU-200 will rapidly change from light yellow to rustic brown,which makes it possible to use FJU-200 to achieve minute-level ultraviolet detection.Moreover,for more convenient use,FJU-200 test papers are prepared.Using them,convenient and fast aniline or ultraviolet detection can be realized.The single-crystal X-ray structures show that compared with the original FJU-200,both PhNH_(2)@FJU-200 and UV-FJU-200 have larger pore sizes,and the dihedral angles of the H_(2)L^(2-)in framework has been changed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12122514 and 11975300)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program(No.20QA1410100)。
文摘To generate optical vortex with multiple topological charges,a simple scheme based on the phase mask shaping technique is proposed and applied in a seeded free electron laser.With a tailored phase mask,an extreme-ultraviolet(EUV)vortex with multiple topological charges can be produced.To prove the feasibility of this method,an eight-step phase mask is designed to shape the seed laser.The simulation results demonstrate that 100-MW,fully coherent EUV vortex pulses with topological charge 2 can be generated based on the proposed technique.We have also demonstrated the possibility of generating higher topological charges by using a phase mask with more steps.
文摘The objective was to investigate the estrogenic effects of Plantaginis Semen aqueous extracts and study the mechanism of action.Mouse uterine weight test and MCF-7cell proliferation assay were used to evaluate the estrogenic effects of Plantaginis Semen aqueous extracts.Reporter gene assay were adopted to explore the mechanism
基金We acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22071175)for financial supportX.B.Wang thanks the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21908018,22078174),and Qi Lu Young Scholar Start-up Foundation of Shandong University.
文摘3-Thiocyanated chromones was conveniently synthesized from alkynyl aryl ketones using commercially available,inexpensive trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA)as oxidant and NH_(4)SCN as thiocyanato(SCN)source.This metalfree approach is postulated to first in situ generate thiocyanogen chloride(Cl-SCN)from the reaction of TCCA and NH_(4)SCN,followed by a rare efficient electrophilic thiocyano oxyfunctionalization of alkynes enabled by the reactive electrophilic species generated thereof.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grants 61906152 and 61976177Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2021GY-080).
文摘With the development of deep learning, many motor imagerybrain-computer interfaces based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs) show outstanding performances. However, the trial number ofEEG in the training set is usually limited, and redundancy extensivelyexists in multiple channel EEG. Thus, overfitting often appears in CNNbased motor imagery recognition model and greatly affects the performancesof model. In this paper, channel drop out is proposed to addressthis problem by data augmentation and ensemble learning. Specifically,one of all EEG channels will be dropped and replaced by the mean signalof all EEG channels. In this way, the trial number in the training setwas enlarged by channel drop out. And at the testing stage, all the EEGtrials processed by channel drop out were fed to the CNN model and theaverage output probabilities of them were applied to determine the prediction.The experiments were conducted on two popular CNN modelsapplied in motor imagery BCI and BCI Competition IV datasets 2a toverify the performances of the proposed channel drop out approach. Theresults show that average improvements provided by channel drop outin two-category or four-category motor imagery classification are 2.83%and 2.65% compared with the original CNN model. So the channel dropout approach significantly improves the performances of motor imagerybased BCI.
