Subterranean estuaries(STEs)are characterized by the mixing of terrestrial fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers.Although microorganisms are important components of coastal groundwater ecosystems and play...Subterranean estuaries(STEs)are characterized by the mixing of terrestrial fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers.Although microorganisms are important components of coastal groundwater ecosystems and play critical roles in biogeochemical transformations in STEs,limited information is available about how their community dynamics interact with hydrological,geochemical and environmental characteristics in STEs.Here,we studied bacterial and archaeal diversities and distributions with 16S rRNA-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology between surface water and groundwater in a karstic STE.Principal-coordinate analysis found that the bacterial and archaeal communities in the areas where algal blooms occurred were significantly separated from those in other stations without algal bloom occurrence.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that nutrients and salinity can explain the patterns of bacterial and archaeal community dynamics.The results suggest that hydrological,geochemical and environmental characteristics between surface water and groundwater likely control the bacterial and archaeal diversities and distributions in STEs.Furthermore,we found that some key species can utilize terrestrial pollutants such as nitrate and ammonia in STEs,indicating that these species(e.g.,Nitrosopumilus maritimus,Limnohabitans parvus and Simplicispira limi)may be excellent candidates for in situ degradation/remediation of coastal groundwater contaminations concerned with the nitrate and ammonia.Overall,this study reveals the coupling relationship between the microbial communities and hydrochemical environments in STEs,and provides a perspective of in situ degradation/remediation for coastal groundwater quality management.展开更多
Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)plays a major role as a conveyor of metals to coastal waters.However,the seasonal change of metal fluxes derived through SGD is unclear.Here,we evaluated the behaviours and fluxes o...Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)plays a major role as a conveyor of metals to coastal waters.However,the seasonal change of metal fluxes derived through SGD is unclear.Here,we evaluated the behaviours and fluxes of trace metals(Mn,Fe,Ba,Pb,U,Cr,Zn,Cu)in an estuary under different seasonal conditions.The behaviours of trace metals revealed that SGD was the source of Mn(3.51 mmol/(m^(2)·d)),Fe(0.174 mmol/(m^(2)·d))and Ba(0.024 mmol/(m^(2)·d)),but the Cu sink(−0.55μmol/(m^(2)·d))and other metals exhibited a seasonal source‒sink conversion.The seasonal variation of dissolved organic matter and the fresh groundwater proportion in subterranean estuaries may have an important effect on metals fluxes especially for the Fe,Mn and Ba.Our result shows that the single seasonal metal fluxes estimation applied to the annual scale will cause a large deviation,up to 3.6 times for Fe,5.5 times for Mn,and 15 times for Ba.Therefore,the influence of seasonal fluctuations on SGDderived metal fluxes cannot be ignored,and our findings will be important for comprehending the metal budget and cycle in nearshore environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The core symptoms of attention deficit, impulsiveness, hyperactivity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) can concurrently present in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Neuropathological, bioche...BACKGROUND: The core symptoms of attention deficit, impulsiveness, hyperactivity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) can concurrently present in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Neuropathological, biochemical and pharmacological studies also support it. Spontaneous hypertensive rats are one kind of best ADHD animal models, which has been accepted at present. Yizhining elixation can reinforce kidney and calm liver, strengthen spleen and nourish heart, benefit intelligence and focus attention, but its therapeutic effect on treatment of ADHD needs to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yizhining elixation on the persistent active attention deficit and impulsiveness of rats with spontaneous hypertension. DESIGN: Observational and controlled analysis. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Thirty-six male rats with spontaneous hypertension, of clean grade, were involved in this experiment. The involved rats were provided by Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., and they did not undergo any experiments; Yizhining elixation was composed by Guiban, Shenglonggu, Yuanzhi, Shichangpu, Yejiaoteng, Shudi, Dangshen, Yunling, Fuxiaomai, Wueizi, etc. Crude drug, provided by Outpatient Dispensary, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, was prepared into water elixation, which contained crude drug of 1.154 g/mL. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between March and July 2005. The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups: Yizhining high dose group, Yizhining low dose group and blank control group, with 12 rats in each. Changes in sustained attention and impulsiveness of rats were detected before and after administration of Yizhining elixation by "5-choice serial response time task" method. Following above-mentioned training and detection, rats in each group were daily drenched with Yizhining elixation once for 14 days successively. Rats in the Yizhining high-dose and low-dose groups were drenched with 12.6 mL/kg and 6.3 mL/kg Yizhining elixation (diluted to 25 mL/kg) respectively, and those in the blank control group were drenched with 12.5 mL/kg normal saline. On the 14th day after administration, the ratios of correct and immature response of rats were re-detected for 3 days successively by formal detection method for later analysis. The sustained attention of rats was evaluated with ratio of correct response: Ratio of correct response=[times of correct response/(times of correct response + times of incorrect response)]; impulsiveness was evaluated with the ratio of immature response: ratio of immature response=[times of immature response/ (times of correct response+times of incorrect response+times of omission+times of immature response)]. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of different doses of Yizhining elixation on the sustained attention (ratio of correct response) and impulsiveness (ratio of immature response) of spontaneous hypertensive rats. RESULTS: Thirty-six spontaneous hypertensive rats were involved in the final analysis. The ratio of correct response of rats in the Yizhining high dose and low dose groups after administration was (98.9±2.30)% and (96.6±4.00)%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that before administration [(80.4±11.5)%, (83.9±8.90)%,P < 0.01] and that in the blank control group[(83.3±6.30)%,P < 0.01]. The ratio of immature response of rats in the Yizhining high dose and low dose groups after administration was (5.04±1.04)%, (7.23±1.22)%, respectively, which was lower than that before administration [(9.85±2.50)%,(9.40±1.73)%,P < 0.05] and that in the blank control group [(9.42±1.64)%,P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Yizhining elixation can improve the sustained attention and impulsiveness of spontaneous hypertensive rats.展开更多
Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic car...Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(Chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.展开更多
Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building...Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.展开更多
Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems,which contribute significantly to coastal nutrient and carbon budgets.However,limited information is available on soil nutrient and carbon losses via porewater exc...Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems,which contribute significantly to coastal nutrient and carbon budgets.However,limited information is available on soil nutrient and carbon losses via porewater exchange in saltmarshes.Here,porewater exchange and associated fluxes of nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)in the largest saltmarsh wetland(Chongming Dongtan)in the Changjiang River Estuary were quantified.Porewater exchange rate was estimated to be(37±35)cm/d during December 2017 using a radon(^(222)Rn)mass balance model.The porewater exchange delivered 67 mmol/(m^(2)·d),38 mmol/(m^(2)·d)and 2690 mmol/(m^(2)·d)of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved silicon(DSi)and DIC into the coastal waters,respectively.The dominant species of porewater DIN was NH_(4)^(+)(>99%of DIN).However,different with those in other ecosystems,the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)concentration in saltmarsh porewater was significantly lower than that in surface water,indicating that saltmarshes seem to be a DIP sink in Chongming Dongtan.The porewater-derived DIN,DSi and DIC accounted for 12%,5%and 18%of the riverine inputs,which are important components of coastal nutrient and carbon budgets.Furthermore,porewater-drived nutrients had obviously high N/P ratios(160–3995),indicating that the porewater exchange process may change the nutrient characteristics of the Changjiang River Estuary and further alter the coastal ecological environment.展开更多
Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urb...Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urban gardens is an essential part of urban green landscape. To study plant landscape of urban gardens,it is necessary to find out growth habits and characteristics of plants,and ornamental benefits of plants. Different plants can be combined together to produce different space forms and generate different aesthetic effects. Through enriching plant landscape forms of urban gardens,it is feasible to increase the interest of urban landscape.展开更多
Brand community is a specific,geographically-unconstrained community based on specific brands and is constructed with consumer groups of different levels,choices and territories. The development issues of characterist...Brand community is a specific,geographically-unconstrained community based on specific brands and is constructed with consumer groups of different levels,choices and territories. The development issues of characteristic towns were incorporated into the perspective of brand communities,and the development connotation of characteristic towns was discussed in light of the definition,constituent elements and characteristics of brand communities,and a functional platform with organic combination of industry,city,people and literature was established through the exploration of Ninghai forest hot spring town,combined with local spatial resources. Based on this,the planning and design of Ninghai forest hot spring town will form a characteristic town that integrates industrial functions,cultural functions and community functions.展开更多
The beautiful countryside construction should combine the external beauty and inner beauty. According to macro background of the beautiful countryside construction,this paper elaborated basic content of the beautiful ...The beautiful countryside construction should combine the external beauty and inner beauty. According to macro background of the beautiful countryside construction,this paper elaborated basic content of the beautiful countryside construction,analyzed the necessities for the beautiful countryside construction. On this basis,it came up with practical approaches for the beautiful countryside construction,so as to build ecological and harmonious beautiful countryside.展开更多
In this paper,we discuss the interfacial internal waves with a rigid boundary in a three-layer fluid system,where the density of the upper layer fluid is smaller than that of the lower layer.With the Lagrangian matchi...In this paper,we discuss the interfacial internal waves with a rigid boundary in a three-layer fluid system,where the density of the upper layer fluid is smaller than that of the lower layer.With the Lagrangian matching conditions at the interfaces,the first-order solutions,the second-order solutions and the third-order asymptotic solutions for the interfacial internal waves are obtained in the Lagrangian description using the perturbation method,and the mass transport velocity,the wave frequency,the mean level and the particle trajectory are also given.The results show that the discontinuities across the interfaces appear for the mass transport velocity,wave frequency and mean level,but we find that these discontinuities may disappear if the water depth ratio and the density ratio of the three layer fluids satisfy certain conditions.展开更多
Field data suggests that carbonate reservoirs contain abundant natural fractures and cavities.The propagation mechanisms of hydraulic fractures in fracture-cavity reservoirs are different from conventional reservoirs ...Field data suggests that carbonate reservoirs contain abundant natural fractures and cavities.The propagation mechanisms of hydraulic fractures in fracture-cavity reservoirs are different from conventional reservoirs on account of the stress concentration surrounding cavities.In this paper,we develop a fully coupled numerical model using the extended finite element method(XFEM)to investigate the behaviors and propagation mechanisms of hydraulic fractures in fracture-cavity reservoirs.Simulation results show that a higher lateral stress coefficient can enhance the influence of the natural cavity,causing a more curved fracture path.However,lower confining stress or smaller in-situ stress difference can reduce this influence,and thus contributes to the penetration of the hydraulic fracture towards the cavity.Higher fluid viscosity and high fluid pumping rate are both able to attenuate the effect of the cavity.The frictional natural fracture connected to the cavity can significantly change the stress distribution around the cavity,thus dramatically deviates the hydraulic fracture from its original propagation direction.It is also found that the natural cavity existing between two adjacent fracturing stages will significantly influence the stress distribution between fractures and is more likely to result in irregular propagation paths compared to the case without a cavity.展开更多
The protection and renovation of ancient town space design has been widely concerned by all walks of society and professionals of all disciplines.However,in the process of design protection and renovation,there are va...The protection and renovation of ancient town space design has been widely concerned by all walks of society and professionals of all disciplines.However,in the process of design protection and renovation,there are various serious problems such as lack of the core functions are weak,loss of historical context protection,and disappearance of architectural space design features.As an important commercial transportation hub town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Hekou Ancient Town has become increasingly weak.From the perspective of the place spirit(Genius Loci)theory,this paper followed the design principle of"use function enhancement,spatial feature extension and life situation experience",and elaborated the strategies of space protection and renovation of Hekou Ancient Town design from three aspects:spatial pattern,landscape restoration and landscape node reconstruction,in the hope of enhancing the depth of the inheritance and development of the spiritual culture of ancient towns in China.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborates social benefits and ecological be...This paper mainly discusses the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborates social benefits and ecological benefits of greening projects in special space. It introduces the classification method for special space of ecological building with habitat as the major part combining characteristics of building form. On the basis of such classification,it discusses green design method and plant selection principle,to provide certain reference for garden designers in green design of ecological buildings.展开更多
Landscape in colleges and universities is mainly composed of plant landscape.Plant space landscape has a profound impact on the campus landscape construction.This paper investigates and analyzes four plant landscape s...Landscape in colleges and universities is mainly composed of plant landscape.Plant space landscape has a profound impact on the campus landscape construction.This paper investigates and analyzes four plant landscape space plots in the Yaohu Campus of Jiangxi Normal University to understand their characteristics,in order to provide reference for the construction of plant landscape space in southern colleges and universities.展开更多
Currently,there are many problems in construction of urban cemetery like improper location,low land utilization,backward greening facilities and imperfect cemetery management,which have greatly affected people's n...Currently,there are many problems in construction of urban cemetery like improper location,low land utilization,backward greening facilities and imperfect cemetery management,which have greatly affected people's normal production and life. This article discusses the establishment of a sustainable city cemetery planning and compiling system from three levels of " macro-view,medium-view and micro-view" in order to perfect the present cemetery system.展开更多
This paper mainly discussed the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborated social and ecological benefits of...This paper mainly discussed the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborated social and ecological benefits of greening projects in special space. It proposed the classification method for special space of ecological building with habitat as the major part and combined with characteristics of building form. On the basis of such classification,it discussed green design method and plant selection principle,in the hope of providing certain reference for garden designers in green design of ecological buildings.展开更多
The spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape is an important factor affecting the quality of urban culture and improving the recognition of the city.As the core material of urban landscape design,garden plants pl...The spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape is an important factor affecting the quality of urban culture and improving the recognition of the city.As the core material of urban landscape design,garden plants play a very important role in the construction of spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape.The spatial pattern of garden plant landscape can be divided into three types:two-dimensional,vertical and special.The two-dimensional spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"meaning and form".The vertical spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"image".The special spatial pattern of garden plants focuses on the construction of"artistic conception".The three types are used to create a spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape with rich spatial and temporal changes and artistic connotation.展开更多
In terms of human behavior,company and government policy,it is proposed that the ecological behavior of human being is the basis of influence on the ecological environment construction in Poyang Lake and measures to e...In terms of human behavior,company and government policy,it is proposed that the ecological behavior of human being is the basis of influence on the ecological environment construction in Poyang Lake and measures to ensure the sustainable development of ecological environment in Poyang Lake.展开更多
Although notable progress has been made in the study of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential(SSVEP)-based Brain-Computer Interface(BCI),several factors that limit the practical applications of BCIs still exist.One of ...Although notable progress has been made in the study of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential(SSVEP)-based Brain-Computer Interface(BCI),several factors that limit the practical applications of BCIs still exist.One of these factors is the importability of the stimulator.In this study,Augmented Reality(AR)technology was introduced to present the visual stimuli of SSVEP-BCI,while the robot grasping experiment was designed to verify the applicability of the AR-BCI system.The offline experiment was designed to determine the best stimulus time,while the online experiment was used to complete the robot grasping task.The offline experiment revealed that better information transfer rate performance could be achieved when the stimulation time is 2 s.Results of the online experiment indicate that all 12 subjects could control the robot to complete the robot grasping task,which indicates the applicability of the AR-SSVEP-humanoid robot(NAO)system.This study verified the reliability of the AR-BCI system and indicated the applicability of the AR-SSVEP-NAO system in robot grasping tasks.展开更多
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2022YFE0209300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42006152+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.LQ21D060005the 111 Project under contract No.BP0820020.
文摘Subterranean estuaries(STEs)are characterized by the mixing of terrestrial fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers.Although microorganisms are important components of coastal groundwater ecosystems and play critical roles in biogeochemical transformations in STEs,limited information is available about how their community dynamics interact with hydrological,geochemical and environmental characteristics in STEs.Here,we studied bacterial and archaeal diversities and distributions with 16S rRNA-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology between surface water and groundwater in a karstic STE.Principal-coordinate analysis found that the bacterial and archaeal communities in the areas where algal blooms occurred were significantly separated from those in other stations without algal bloom occurrence.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that nutrients and salinity can explain the patterns of bacterial and archaeal community dynamics.The results suggest that hydrological,geochemical and environmental characteristics between surface water and groundwater likely control the bacterial and archaeal diversities and distributions in STEs.Furthermore,we found that some key species can utilize terrestrial pollutants such as nitrate and ammonia in STEs,indicating that these species(e.g.,Nitrosopumilus maritimus,Limnohabitans parvus and Simplicispira limi)may be excellent candidates for in situ degradation/remediation of coastal groundwater contaminations concerned with the nitrate and ammonia.Overall,this study reveals the coupling relationship between the microbial communities and hydrochemical environments in STEs,and provides a perspective of in situ degradation/remediation for coastal groundwater quality management.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2018YFD0900702the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976040,41976041 and 42006152.
文摘Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)plays a major role as a conveyor of metals to coastal waters.However,the seasonal change of metal fluxes derived through SGD is unclear.Here,we evaluated the behaviours and fluxes of trace metals(Mn,Fe,Ba,Pb,U,Cr,Zn,Cu)in an estuary under different seasonal conditions.The behaviours of trace metals revealed that SGD was the source of Mn(3.51 mmol/(m^(2)·d)),Fe(0.174 mmol/(m^(2)·d))and Ba(0.024 mmol/(m^(2)·d)),but the Cu sink(−0.55μmol/(m^(2)·d))and other metals exhibited a seasonal source‒sink conversion.The seasonal variation of dissolved organic matter and the fresh groundwater proportion in subterranean estuaries may have an important effect on metals fluxes especially for the Fe,Mn and Ba.Our result shows that the single seasonal metal fluxes estimation applied to the annual scale will cause a large deviation,up to 3.6 times for Fe,5.5 times for Mn,and 15 times for Ba.Therefore,the influence of seasonal fluctuations on SGDderived metal fluxes cannot be ignored,and our findings will be important for comprehending the metal budget and cycle in nearshore environment.
基金Scientific Research Innovation of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.K004052
文摘BACKGROUND: The core symptoms of attention deficit, impulsiveness, hyperactivity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) can concurrently present in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Neuropathological, biochemical and pharmacological studies also support it. Spontaneous hypertensive rats are one kind of best ADHD animal models, which has been accepted at present. Yizhining elixation can reinforce kidney and calm liver, strengthen spleen and nourish heart, benefit intelligence and focus attention, but its therapeutic effect on treatment of ADHD needs to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yizhining elixation on the persistent active attention deficit and impulsiveness of rats with spontaneous hypertension. DESIGN: Observational and controlled analysis. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Thirty-six male rats with spontaneous hypertension, of clean grade, were involved in this experiment. The involved rats were provided by Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., and they did not undergo any experiments; Yizhining elixation was composed by Guiban, Shenglonggu, Yuanzhi, Shichangpu, Yejiaoteng, Shudi, Dangshen, Yunling, Fuxiaomai, Wueizi, etc. Crude drug, provided by Outpatient Dispensary, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, was prepared into water elixation, which contained crude drug of 1.154 g/mL. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between March and July 2005. The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups: Yizhining high dose group, Yizhining low dose group and blank control group, with 12 rats in each. Changes in sustained attention and impulsiveness of rats were detected before and after administration of Yizhining elixation by "5-choice serial response time task" method. Following above-mentioned training and detection, rats in each group were daily drenched with Yizhining elixation once for 14 days successively. Rats in the Yizhining high-dose and low-dose groups were drenched with 12.6 mL/kg and 6.3 mL/kg Yizhining elixation (diluted to 25 mL/kg) respectively, and those in the blank control group were drenched with 12.5 mL/kg normal saline. On the 14th day after administration, the ratios of correct and immature response of rats were re-detected for 3 days successively by formal detection method for later analysis. The sustained attention of rats was evaluated with ratio of correct response: Ratio of correct response=[times of correct response/(times of correct response + times of incorrect response)]; impulsiveness was evaluated with the ratio of immature response: ratio of immature response=[times of immature response/ (times of correct response+times of incorrect response+times of omission+times of immature response)]. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of different doses of Yizhining elixation on the sustained attention (ratio of correct response) and impulsiveness (ratio of immature response) of spontaneous hypertensive rats. RESULTS: Thirty-six spontaneous hypertensive rats were involved in the final analysis. The ratio of correct response of rats in the Yizhining high dose and low dose groups after administration was (98.9±2.30)% and (96.6±4.00)%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that before administration [(80.4±11.5)%, (83.9±8.90)%,P < 0.01] and that in the blank control group[(83.3±6.30)%,P < 0.01]. The ratio of immature response of rats in the Yizhining high dose and low dose groups after administration was (5.04±1.04)%, (7.23±1.22)%, respectively, which was lower than that before administration [(9.85±2.50)%,(9.40±1.73)%,P < 0.05] and that in the blank control group [(9.42±1.64)%,P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Yizhining elixation can improve the sustained attention and impulsiveness of spontaneous hypertensive rats.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1415300)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ21D060005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M681931)。
文摘Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(Chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Art Social Sciences Plan Project in 2012( YG2012121)
文摘Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under contract No.19ZR1415300the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.LQ21D060005the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2020M681931。
文摘Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems,which contribute significantly to coastal nutrient and carbon budgets.However,limited information is available on soil nutrient and carbon losses via porewater exchange in saltmarshes.Here,porewater exchange and associated fluxes of nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)in the largest saltmarsh wetland(Chongming Dongtan)in the Changjiang River Estuary were quantified.Porewater exchange rate was estimated to be(37±35)cm/d during December 2017 using a radon(^(222)Rn)mass balance model.The porewater exchange delivered 67 mmol/(m^(2)·d),38 mmol/(m^(2)·d)and 2690 mmol/(m^(2)·d)of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved silicon(DSi)and DIC into the coastal waters,respectively.The dominant species of porewater DIN was NH_(4)^(+)(>99%of DIN).However,different with those in other ecosystems,the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)concentration in saltmarsh porewater was significantly lower than that in surface water,indicating that saltmarshes seem to be a DIP sink in Chongming Dongtan.The porewater-derived DIN,DSi and DIC accounted for 12%,5%and 18%of the riverine inputs,which are important components of coastal nutrient and carbon budgets.Furthermore,porewater-drived nutrients had obviously high N/P ratios(160–3995),indicating that the porewater exchange process may change the nutrient characteristics of the Changjiang River Estuary and further alter the coastal ecological environment.
文摘Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urban gardens is an essential part of urban green landscape. To study plant landscape of urban gardens,it is necessary to find out growth habits and characteristics of plants,and ornamental benefits of plants. Different plants can be combined together to produce different space forms and generate different aesthetic effects. Through enriching plant landscape forms of urban gardens,it is feasible to increase the interest of urban landscape.
基金Supported by Graduate Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Normal University(YC2017-S142)
文摘Brand community is a specific,geographically-unconstrained community based on specific brands and is constructed with consumer groups of different levels,choices and territories. The development issues of characteristic towns were incorporated into the perspective of brand communities,and the development connotation of characteristic towns was discussed in light of the definition,constituent elements and characteristics of brand communities,and a functional platform with organic combination of industry,city,people and literature was established through the exploration of Ninghai forest hot spring town,combined with local spatial resources. Based on this,the planning and design of Ninghai forest hot spring town will form a characteristic town that integrates industrial functions,cultural functions and community functions.
基金Supported by 2015 Art Science Project of Jiangxi Province(YG2015034)
文摘The beautiful countryside construction should combine the external beauty and inner beauty. According to macro background of the beautiful countryside construction,this paper elaborated basic content of the beautiful countryside construction,analyzed the necessities for the beautiful countryside construction. On this basis,it came up with practical approaches for the beautiful countryside construction,so as to build ecological and harmonious beautiful countryside.
基金The Science Research Project of Inner Mongolia University of Technology under contract No.ZD201613
文摘In this paper,we discuss the interfacial internal waves with a rigid boundary in a three-layer fluid system,where the density of the upper layer fluid is smaller than that of the lower layer.With the Lagrangian matching conditions at the interfaces,the first-order solutions,the second-order solutions and the third-order asymptotic solutions for the interfacial internal waves are obtained in the Lagrangian description using the perturbation method,and the mass transport velocity,the wave frequency,the mean level and the particle trajectory are also given.The results show that the discontinuities across the interfaces appear for the mass transport velocity,wave frequency and mean level,but we find that these discontinuities may disappear if the water depth ratio and the density ratio of the three layer fluids satisfy certain conditions.
基金This research was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904111)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170457)+1 种基金the Open Fund for Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(No.HGAMTL-1712)the Natural Science Research of Institution of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province(No.17KJA460003).
文摘Field data suggests that carbonate reservoirs contain abundant natural fractures and cavities.The propagation mechanisms of hydraulic fractures in fracture-cavity reservoirs are different from conventional reservoirs on account of the stress concentration surrounding cavities.In this paper,we develop a fully coupled numerical model using the extended finite element method(XFEM)to investigate the behaviors and propagation mechanisms of hydraulic fractures in fracture-cavity reservoirs.Simulation results show that a higher lateral stress coefficient can enhance the influence of the natural cavity,causing a more curved fracture path.However,lower confining stress or smaller in-situ stress difference can reduce this influence,and thus contributes to the penetration of the hydraulic fracture towards the cavity.Higher fluid viscosity and high fluid pumping rate are both able to attenuate the effect of the cavity.The frictional natural fracture connected to the cavity can significantly change the stress distribution around the cavity,thus dramatically deviates the hydraulic fracture from its original propagation direction.It is also found that the natural cavity existing between two adjacent fracturing stages will significantly influence the stress distribution between fractures and is more likely to result in irregular propagation paths compared to the case without a cavity.
基金Supported by General Project for Humanity and Social Science of Colleges and Universities in Jiangxi Province(YS18126)
文摘The protection and renovation of ancient town space design has been widely concerned by all walks of society and professionals of all disciplines.However,in the process of design protection and renovation,there are various serious problems such as lack of the core functions are weak,loss of historical context protection,and disappearance of architectural space design features.As an important commercial transportation hub town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Hekou Ancient Town has become increasingly weak.From the perspective of the place spirit(Genius Loci)theory,this paper followed the design principle of"use function enhancement,spatial feature extension and life situation experience",and elaborated the strategies of space protection and renovation of Hekou Ancient Town design from three aspects:spatial pattern,landscape restoration and landscape node reconstruction,in the hope of enhancing the depth of the inheritance and development of the spiritual culture of ancient towns in China.
文摘This paper mainly discusses the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborates social benefits and ecological benefits of greening projects in special space. It introduces the classification method for special space of ecological building with habitat as the major part combining characteristics of building form. On the basis of such classification,it discusses green design method and plant selection principle,to provide certain reference for garden designers in green design of ecological buildings.
文摘Landscape in colleges and universities is mainly composed of plant landscape.Plant space landscape has a profound impact on the campus landscape construction.This paper investigates and analyzes four plant landscape space plots in the Yaohu Campus of Jiangxi Normal University to understand their characteristics,in order to provide reference for the construction of plant landscape space in southern colleges and universities.
文摘Currently,there are many problems in construction of urban cemetery like improper location,low land utilization,backward greening facilities and imperfect cemetery management,which have greatly affected people's normal production and life. This article discusses the establishment of a sustainable city cemetery planning and compiling system from three levels of " macro-view,medium-view and micro-view" in order to perfect the present cemetery system.
基金Supported by Soft Science Project of Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(20133BBA10017)Youth Growth Foundation of Jiangxi Normal University
文摘This paper mainly discussed the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborated social and ecological benefits of greening projects in special space. It proposed the classification method for special space of ecological building with habitat as the major part and combined with characteristics of building form. On the basis of such classification,it discussed green design method and plant selection principle,in the hope of providing certain reference for garden designers in green design of ecological buildings.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education
文摘The spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape is an important factor affecting the quality of urban culture and improving the recognition of the city.As the core material of urban landscape design,garden plants play a very important role in the construction of spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape.The spatial pattern of garden plant landscape can be divided into three types:two-dimensional,vertical and special.The two-dimensional spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"meaning and form".The vertical spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"image".The special spatial pattern of garden plants focuses on the construction of"artistic conception".The three types are used to create a spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape with rich spatial and temporal changes and artistic connotation.
基金Supported by Soft Science Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Jiangxi Province(2010DR00702)the Arts and Social Sciences Planning Projects of Jiangxi Province(YG2012121)
文摘In terms of human behavior,company and government policy,it is proposed that the ecological behavior of human being is the basis of influence on the ecological environment construction in Poyang Lake and measures to ensure the sustainable development of ecological environment in Poyang Lake.
基金Research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171473)Beijing Science and Technology Program(No.Z201100004420015)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.FRF-TP-20-017A1).
文摘Although notable progress has been made in the study of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential(SSVEP)-based Brain-Computer Interface(BCI),several factors that limit the practical applications of BCIs still exist.One of these factors is the importability of the stimulator.In this study,Augmented Reality(AR)technology was introduced to present the visual stimuli of SSVEP-BCI,while the robot grasping experiment was designed to verify the applicability of the AR-BCI system.The offline experiment was designed to determine the best stimulus time,while the online experiment was used to complete the robot grasping task.The offline experiment revealed that better information transfer rate performance could be achieved when the stimulation time is 2 s.Results of the online experiment indicate that all 12 subjects could control the robot to complete the robot grasping task,which indicates the applicability of the AR-SSVEP-humanoid robot(NAO)system.This study verified the reliability of the AR-BCI system and indicated the applicability of the AR-SSVEP-NAO system in robot grasping tasks.
