The perception of motion is an important func-tion of vision.Neural wiring diagrams for extracting direc-tional information have been obtained by connectome recon-struction.Direction selectivity in Drosophila is thoug...The perception of motion is an important func-tion of vision.Neural wiring diagrams for extracting direc-tional information have been obtained by connectome recon-struction.Direction selectivity in Drosophila is thought to originate in T4/T5 neurons through integrating inputs with different temporal filtering properties.Through genetic screening based on synaptic distribution,we isolated a new type of TmY neuron,termed TmY-ds,that form recipro-cal synaptic connections with T4/T5 neurons.Its neurites responded to grating motion along the four cardinal direc-tions and showed a variety of direction selectivity.Intrigu-ingly,its direction selectivity originated from temporal filtering neurons rather than T4/T5.Genetic silencing and activation experiments showed that TmY-ds neurons are functionally upstream of T4/T5.Our results suggest that direction selectivity is generated in a tripartite circuit formed among these three neurons—temporal filtering,TmY-ds,and T4/T5 neurons,in which TmY-ds plays a role in the enhancement of direction selectivity in T4/T5 neurons.展开更多
The orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)is involved in diverse brain functions via its extensive projections to multiple target regions.There is a growing understanding of the overall outputs of the OFC at the population level,b...The orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)is involved in diverse brain functions via its extensive projections to multiple target regions.There is a growing understanding of the overall outputs of the OFC at the population level,but reports of the projection patterns of individual OFC neurons across different cortical layers remain rare.Here,by combining neuronal sparse and bright labeling with a whole-brain florescence imaging system(fMOST),we obtained an uninterrupted three-dimensional whole-brain dataset and achieved the full morphological reconstruction of 25 OFC pyramidal neurons.We compared the wholebrain projection targets of these individual OFC neurons in different cortical layers as well as in the same cortical layer.We found cortical layer-dependent projections characterized by divergent patterns for information delivery.Our study not only provides a structural basis for understanding the principles of laminar organizations in the OFC,but also provides clues for future functional and behavioral studies on OFC pyramidal neurons.展开更多
Dear Editor,Since calcium imaging can simultaneously record the calcium signals of several hundred neurons, it has been a powerful tool in measuring the functional activity of neural populations. However, calcium imag...Dear Editor,Since calcium imaging can simultaneously record the calcium signals of several hundred neurons, it has been a powerful tool in measuring the functional activity of neural populations. However, calcium imaging is an indirect measurement of neuronal firing activity, and this technique requires reconstructing the AP trains from the corresponding calcium fluorescence signals of the recorded neurons.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61890950 and 31871027)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/HUST(2016YXMS034 and 2014TS015)the Director Fund of WNLO,and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015T80788).
文摘The perception of motion is an important func-tion of vision.Neural wiring diagrams for extracting direc-tional information have been obtained by connectome recon-struction.Direction selectivity in Drosophila is thought to originate in T4/T5 neurons through integrating inputs with different temporal filtering properties.Through genetic screening based on synaptic distribution,we isolated a new type of TmY neuron,termed TmY-ds,that form recipro-cal synaptic connections with T4/T5 neurons.Its neurites responded to grating motion along the four cardinal direc-tions and showed a variety of direction selectivity.Intrigu-ingly,its direction selectivity originated from temporal filtering neurons rather than T4/T5.Genetic silencing and activation experiments showed that TmY-ds neurons are functionally upstream of T4/T5.Our results suggest that direction selectivity is generated in a tripartite circuit formed among these three neurons—temporal filtering,TmY-ds,and T4/T5 neurons,in which TmY-ds plays a role in the enhancement of direction selectivity in T4/T5 neurons.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61827825,31770924,31470056,and 31600692)the Science Fund for Creative Research Group of China(61721092)the Director Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics。
文摘The orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)is involved in diverse brain functions via its extensive projections to multiple target regions.There is a growing understanding of the overall outputs of the OFC at the population level,but reports of the projection patterns of individual OFC neurons across different cortical layers remain rare.Here,by combining neuronal sparse and bright labeling with a whole-brain florescence imaging system(fMOST),we obtained an uninterrupted three-dimensional whole-brain dataset and achieved the full morphological reconstruction of 25 OFC pyramidal neurons.We compared the wholebrain projection targets of these individual OFC neurons in different cortical layers as well as in the same cortical layer.We found cortical layer-dependent projections characterized by divergent patterns for information delivery.Our study not only provides a structural basis for understanding the principles of laminar organizations in the OFC,but also provides clues for future functional and behavioral studies on OFC pyramidal neurons.
基金financially supported by NSFC projects(81327802,61721092)Science Fund for Young and Middle-aged Creative Research Group of the Universities in Hubei Province(T201520)the Director Fund of WNLO。
文摘Dear Editor,Since calcium imaging can simultaneously record the calcium signals of several hundred neurons, it has been a powerful tool in measuring the functional activity of neural populations. However, calcium imaging is an indirect measurement of neuronal firing activity, and this technique requires reconstructing the AP trains from the corresponding calcium fluorescence signals of the recorded neurons.
