Objective:This study aimed to explore the existing knowledge about midwives’views and experiences of providing care for women in the context of task shifting.Methods:We conducted a qualitative systematic review using...Objective:This study aimed to explore the existing knowledge about midwives’views and experiences of providing care for women in the context of task shifting.Methods:We conducted a qualitative systematic review using meta-ethnography to describe the views and experiences of midwives on providing care in the context of task shifting.Comparative textual analysis of published qualitative studies involved translation of first-order key concepts and meanings from included studies to generate second-and third-order concepts.A grid was made to identify core findings and compare them reciprocally.Results:Thirty-six qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria.The literature comprised of 32 first key concepts.Eight second-order constructs emerged,and three third-order interpretations were generated.The three overarching themes were:(1)midwives perceived themselves as providing culturally competent and high quality women-centered care;(2)they valued their profession but saw it as complex and challenging;(3)as health professionals,they reported a variety of organizational,cultural,and professional barriers to providing women-centered care.Conclusions:While performing a specific task in the task shifting context,midwives perceived their crucial roles and responsibilities,along with achieved value and reward.However,due to a range of existing barriers,the caring task posed great challenges in completely implementing women-centered care.It is essential for systems to identify and eliminate these barriers early,to consider midwives’emotional well-being,and to develop overall strategies to better support the midwifery workforce.Policy makers and administrators should establish a supportive environment to facilitate midwives to perform women-centered caring tasks in more effective and efficient ways.展开更多
A chromatographic analysis method for determining inorganic anions and melamine in fertilizers was established using ion chromatography(IC).The fertilizer samples were extracted by ultrasonic method with 7 g/L trichlo...A chromatographic analysis method for determining inorganic anions and melamine in fertilizers was established using ion chromatography(IC).The fertilizer samples were extracted by ultrasonic method with 7 g/L trichloroacetic acid solution and centrifuged.The supernatant is purified by a solid phase extraction column.Then,the anions in the solution were purified using SH-AP-1(250 mm×4.0 mm)as a separation column,and measured by a suppressed conductivity detector;the melamine in the solution was separated using SH-CC-4(200 mm×4.0 mm)as a separation column and detected by a UV detector.The results show that the mass concentration of anions had a linear relationship with its peak area within a certain range,the linear correlation coefficient r of the standard curve was greater than 0.999,the recovery rate of spiked samples was 93.4%-104.4%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)of the measured value(n=6)was less than 4%.Thus,this method is widely suitable for detection of anions and cations in a variety of fertilizer samples.展开更多
The inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-α(Sirpα)is a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint that engages the“don’t eat me”signal CD47,which is expressed on tumor and normal tissue cells.However,the profile ...The inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-α(Sirpα)is a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint that engages the“don’t eat me”signal CD47,which is expressed on tumor and normal tissue cells.However,the profile and regulatory mechanism of Sirpαexpression in tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are still not clear.Here,we found that the expression of Sirpαin TAMs increased dynamically with colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.Mechanistically,CRC cell-derived lactate induced the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Ap-2αfrom the cytoplasm in TAMs.Ap-2αfunctioned as a transcription factor for Elk-1 by binding to the conserved element GCCTGC located at−1396/−1391 in the mouse Elk-1 promoter.Subsequently,the Elk-1 protein bound to two conserved sites,CTTCCTACA(located at−229/−221)and CTTCCTCTC(located at−190/−182),in the mouse Sirpαpromoter and promoted Sirpαexpression in TAMs.Functionally,the macrophage-specific knockout of Ap-2αnotably promoted the phagocytic activity of TAMs and suppressed CRC progression,whereas these effects were prevented by the transgenic macrophage-specific expression of Elk-1,which regulated TAM phagocytosis and CRC development in a Sirpα-dependent manner.Furthermore,we showed that Elk-1 expression was positively correlated with Sirpαexpression in TAMs and was associated with poor survival in CRC patients.Taken together,our findings revealed a novel mechanism through which CRC evades innate immune surveillance and provided potential targets for macrophage-based immunotherapy for CRC patients.展开更多
Rare-earth nickelates possess intrinsic charge order,orbital order,and electron-lattice coupling,which make them very interesting for applications in oxide-based electronic devices.In this study,we grew NdNiO_(3-δ)(N...Rare-earth nickelates possess intrinsic charge order,orbital order,and electron-lattice coupling,which make them very interesting for applications in oxide-based electronic devices.In this study,we grew NdNiO_(3-δ)(NNO) films with oxygen pressures changing from 27 to 10^(-5) Pa.With decreasing oxygen pressure,the antiferromagnetic state of the NNO film becomes a ferromagnetic state,and the resistance increases significantly.According to combined X-ray absorption spectro scopy and X-ray linear dichroism measurements,the ratio of Ni^(2+)-ions increases with decreasing oxygen-pressure,and the preferred orbital occupation changes from x^(2)-y^(2) to 3 z^(2)-r^(2).In addition,using the ionic-liquid gating method to control the migration of oxygen vacancies,both the magnetic properties and resistance of NNO films can be modulated reversibly.The oxygen vacancy induces a valence in the Ni ions and the orbital occupation changes,which alters the magnetic properties and the electronic transport in these NNO films.This study describes a novel tunable method for electronic devices that use NdNiO_(3-δ) films,and opens new doors for future improvements and functionalities.展开更多
基金The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71874030).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the existing knowledge about midwives’views and experiences of providing care for women in the context of task shifting.Methods:We conducted a qualitative systematic review using meta-ethnography to describe the views and experiences of midwives on providing care in the context of task shifting.Comparative textual analysis of published qualitative studies involved translation of first-order key concepts and meanings from included studies to generate second-and third-order concepts.A grid was made to identify core findings and compare them reciprocally.Results:Thirty-six qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria.The literature comprised of 32 first key concepts.Eight second-order constructs emerged,and three third-order interpretations were generated.The three overarching themes were:(1)midwives perceived themselves as providing culturally competent and high quality women-centered care;(2)they valued their profession but saw it as complex and challenging;(3)as health professionals,they reported a variety of organizational,cultural,and professional barriers to providing women-centered care.Conclusions:While performing a specific task in the task shifting context,midwives perceived their crucial roles and responsibilities,along with achieved value and reward.However,due to a range of existing barriers,the caring task posed great challenges in completely implementing women-centered care.It is essential for systems to identify and eliminate these barriers early,to consider midwives’emotional well-being,and to develop overall strategies to better support the midwifery workforce.Policy makers and administrators should establish a supportive environment to facilitate midwives to perform women-centered caring tasks in more effective and efficient ways.
文摘A chromatographic analysis method for determining inorganic anions and melamine in fertilizers was established using ion chromatography(IC).The fertilizer samples were extracted by ultrasonic method with 7 g/L trichloroacetic acid solution and centrifuged.The supernatant is purified by a solid phase extraction column.Then,the anions in the solution were purified using SH-AP-1(250 mm×4.0 mm)as a separation column,and measured by a suppressed conductivity detector;the melamine in the solution was separated using SH-CC-4(200 mm×4.0 mm)as a separation column and detected by a UV detector.The results show that the mass concentration of anions had a linear relationship with its peak area within a certain range,the linear correlation coefficient r of the standard curve was greater than 0.999,the recovery rate of spiked samples was 93.4%-104.4%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)of the measured value(n=6)was less than 4%.Thus,this method is widely suitable for detection of anions and cations in a variety of fertilizer samples.
基金supported in part by award numbers 81972775(S.Y.),81602628(X.L.)from the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSWH2017YQPY-01(S.Y.)and SWH2016ZDCX1002(H.L.)from Southwest Hospital Research and 2018ZDXM016(S.Y.)from the Chongqing Science and Health Joint Fund.
文摘The inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-α(Sirpα)is a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint that engages the“don’t eat me”signal CD47,which is expressed on tumor and normal tissue cells.However,the profile and regulatory mechanism of Sirpαexpression in tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are still not clear.Here,we found that the expression of Sirpαin TAMs increased dynamically with colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.Mechanistically,CRC cell-derived lactate induced the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Ap-2αfrom the cytoplasm in TAMs.Ap-2αfunctioned as a transcription factor for Elk-1 by binding to the conserved element GCCTGC located at−1396/−1391 in the mouse Elk-1 promoter.Subsequently,the Elk-1 protein bound to two conserved sites,CTTCCTACA(located at−229/−221)and CTTCCTCTC(located at−190/−182),in the mouse Sirpαpromoter and promoted Sirpαexpression in TAMs.Functionally,the macrophage-specific knockout of Ap-2αnotably promoted the phagocytic activity of TAMs and suppressed CRC progression,whereas these effects were prevented by the transgenic macrophage-specific expression of Elk-1,which regulated TAM phagocytosis and CRC development in a Sirpα-dependent manner.Furthermore,we showed that Elk-1 expression was positively correlated with Sirpαexpression in TAMs and was associated with poor survival in CRC patients.Taken together,our findings revealed a novel mechanism through which CRC evades innate immune surveillance and provided potential targets for macrophage-based immunotherapy for CRC patients.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871137,51901118,61434002)the Graduate Student Innovation Project in Shanxi Province(010903010050)。
文摘Rare-earth nickelates possess intrinsic charge order,orbital order,and electron-lattice coupling,which make them very interesting for applications in oxide-based electronic devices.In this study,we grew NdNiO_(3-δ)(NNO) films with oxygen pressures changing from 27 to 10^(-5) Pa.With decreasing oxygen pressure,the antiferromagnetic state of the NNO film becomes a ferromagnetic state,and the resistance increases significantly.According to combined X-ray absorption spectro scopy and X-ray linear dichroism measurements,the ratio of Ni^(2+)-ions increases with decreasing oxygen-pressure,and the preferred orbital occupation changes from x^(2)-y^(2) to 3 z^(2)-r^(2).In addition,using the ionic-liquid gating method to control the migration of oxygen vacancies,both the magnetic properties and resistance of NNO films can be modulated reversibly.The oxygen vacancy induces a valence in the Ni ions and the orbital occupation changes,which alters the magnetic properties and the electronic transport in these NNO films.This study describes a novel tunable method for electronic devices that use NdNiO_(3-δ) films,and opens new doors for future improvements and functionalities.
