Objective:We examined the association between body mass index(BMI)and body fat percentage(BF%)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)among adults and children in China.Methods:We searched four databases-PubM...Objective:We examined the association between body mass index(BMI)and body fat percentage(BF%)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)among adults and children in China.Methods:We searched four databases-PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Vip for studies published in the past 22 years.Meta-analysis was conducted using random-or fixed-effect models.Results:In total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in review,and 17 ot them in meta-analysis.They were conducted across China.Their sample size ranged from 62 to 5726,and participants'age ranged from 6-80 years.Meta-analysis revealed strong associations between BMI and BF% measured by DXA in adults(pooled r=0.71,95% CI:0.66 to 0.74)and children(pooled r=0.60,95% CI:0.52 to 0.68).The association was stronger in Northern China than in East China in children(β=-0.40,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.14)and in Central China in adults(β=-0.25;95% CI:-0.51 to-0.01).Urban children's BMI was strongly associated with BF%than rural(β=0.19;95%CI:0.04 to 0.35),whereas it was stronger in adults living in rural than in urban(β=-0.35;95% CI:-0.66 to-0.05).Conclusions:BMI was strongly associated with BF%measured by DXA,and the association in children and adults in China varied by residence and region.展开更多
Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were der...Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.4%to 36.1%)in 2010 and 29.8%(95%CI:29.4%to 30.2%)in 2013 in China,and 35.3%(95%CI:33.6%to 37.1%)in 2010 and 37.9%(95%CI:36.0%to 39.7%)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4%(95%CI:17.9%to 1&9%)in 2010 and 23.8%(95%CI:23.1%to 24.6%)in 2013 in China and 54.5%(95%CI:50.3%to 5&7%)in 2010 and 50.9%(95%CI:46.5%to 55.3%)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2%(95%CI:3.0%to 3.5%)and 5.7%(95%CI:5.3%to 6.0%)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6%(95%CI:46.2%to 55.0%)and 55.3%(95%CI:50.3%to 60.3%)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.展开更多
Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not bee...Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.展开更多
With the rapid development of new technologies and global trade and increasing collaboration am ong countries worldwide,public health has become a global issue.Global health,as a new discipline,has been drawing more a...With the rapid development of new technologies and global trade and increasing collaboration am ong countries worldwide,public health has become a global issue.Global health,as a new discipline,has been drawing more attention from both academ ia and governments.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),proposed by China in 2013,aimed to prom ote trade and resource exchange,including education,research,and health issues,with over 60 countries in Asia,Africa,and Europe.The BRI provides good opportunities for involved countries to address health problems jointly as well.In response to the BRI and to promote international collaboration on global health issues,"The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive M edicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting"was held on Septem ber 24-27,2017 in Xi’an,China.Thus far,this is the largest high-quality international conference held in China that focused on the BRI global health issues.This article summarized the background,key sessions and topics covered during the congress,and important events,and highlights different perspectives of the BRI and global health by invited experts from China and abroad.The conference included 14 sessions(three keynote speech forums and ten scientific sessions and a research poster session)and about 100 speakers,around 40 of which were leading experts outside of China.All the major sessions were held in English.More than 40 leaders and experts of health sectors from 13 countries presented their work in the congress.Approximately 400 delegates from 29 countries attended the congress.Delegates had extensive discussions about global health related issues,future cooperation and development in global health.The congress fostered international exchange and collaboration.展开更多
Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies.In this study,we report the generati...Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies.In this study,we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)and the development,validation,and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies(tAb,antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies)in cynomolgus monkey sera.These assays were successfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic(PK)studies of SMADC001,an MMAE-conjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(TROP-2).The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit,Lys(m-dPEG24)-Cit,and Val-Cit linkers.The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation between serum concentrations and the OD450 values,with R2 at 1.000,and the dynamic range was 0.3-35.0 ng/mL and 0.2-22.0 ng/mL,respectively;the intra-and inter-assay accuracy bias%ranged from -12.2% to -5.2%,precision ranged from -12.4% to -1.4%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was less than 6.6% and 8.7%,respectively.The total error was less than 20.4%.The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters,which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs,as well as in PK studies.Furthermore,these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.展开更多
With an increasing proportion of sedentary lifestyle related chronic diseases,an efficient way to help fight the growing world epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)and promote public health in a fast-changing wo...With an increasing proportion of sedentary lifestyle related chronic diseases,an efficient way to help fight the growing world epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)and promote public health in a fast-changing world is urgently needed.Exercise and medicine science have played an important role in prevention and control of NCDs.However,the current status and future development directions regarding the integration of exercise science and medicine(IESM)in China have not been well discussed.During 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive Medicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting,Xi’an Jiaotong University Global Health Institute,and the Integration of Sport and Medicine Innovation Research Center,China Institute of Sport Science organized the IESM Forum on September 27.Six leaders and experts from China and abroad presented excellent research reports in the IESM Forum from several aspects.Experts reached a consensus at the end of their discussions that,in the near future,the IESM will be a key part of a sustainable health care system and as such should contribute to prosperity in China and around the world.However,compared with European,American and Japanese universities,the development of the IESM in China is in its early stages with huge development potential.展开更多
The electroplating industry is the main source of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(6:2 Cl-PFESA)pollution,which presents risks to human health and the environment.It is therefore crucial to develop effe...The electroplating industry is the main source of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(6:2 Cl-PFESA)pollution,which presents risks to human health and the environment.It is therefore crucial to develop effective 6:2 Cl-PFESA degradation techniques.Persulfate oxidation is a potential treatment method for 6:2 Cl-PFESA due to its outstanding oxidative degradability following the generation of the sulfate radical(SO_(4)^(•−))and hydroxyl radical(•OH).It has proven difficult to acquire a full understanding of the reaction mechanism and formation of intermediate(IM)products through conventional experimental studies because they are costly and time-consuming.Therefore,a theoretical analysis method based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations was applied.The DFT results showed that electron transfer for the degradation of 6:2 Cl-PFESA could be initiated by the protonated sulfate radical(HSO_(4)•,ΔG≠SET=9.16 kcal/mol),rather than SO4•−(ΔG≠SET=41.60 kcal/mol).After desulfonation,the reaction underwent stepwise decarboxylation cycles under the action of•OH,leading to the elimination of the CF_(2) units until there was complete mineralization into HCl,HF,and CO_(2).Furthermore,the IMs and the end products of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were evaluated using ECOSAR and TEST software.The low bioaccumulation of the short-chain IMs meant that they could be considered safe in terms of ecotoxicity and health effects.This research determined the theoretical and mechanistic basis of the effects of persulfate in the treatment of water containing 6:2 Cl-PFESA,and its structural analogues.展开更多
The damage of corneal epithelium may lead to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and even blindness.The migration rate of corneal epithelial cells directly affects corneal repair.Here,we explored ocu-micro...The damage of corneal epithelium may lead to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and even blindness.The migration rate of corneal epithelial cells directly affects corneal repair.Here,we explored ocu-microRNA 24-3p(miRNA 24-3p)that can promote rabbit corneal epithelial cells migration and cornea repair.Exosomes,an excellent transport carrier,were exacted from adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for loading with miRNA 24-3p to prepare miRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes(Exos-miRNA 24-3p).It can accelerate corneal epithelial migration in vitro and in vivo.For application in cornea alkali burns,we further modified hyaluronic acid with di(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate(DEGMA)to obtain a thermosensitive hydrogel,also reported a thermosensitive DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel(THH)for the controlled release of Exos-miRNA 24-3p.It formed a highly uniform and clear thin layer on the ocular surface to resist clearance from blinking and extended the drug-ocular-epithelium contact time.The use of THH-3/Exos-miRNA 24-3p for 28 days after alkali burn injury accelerated corneal epithelial defect healing and epithelial maturation.It also reduced corneal stromal fibrosis and macrophage activation.MiRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes functionalized DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a multilevel delivery strategy has a potential use for cell-free therapy of corneal epithelial regeneration.展开更多
Smart, real-time, low-cost, and distributed ecosystem monitoring is essential for understanding and managing rapidly changing ecosystems. However, new techniques in the big data era have rarely been introduced into op...Smart, real-time, low-cost, and distributed ecosystem monitoring is essential for understanding and managing rapidly changing ecosystems. However, new techniques in the big data era have rarely been introduced into operational ecosystem monitoring, particularly for fragile ecosystems in remote areas.We introduce the Internet of Things(IoT) techniques to establish a prototype ecosystem monitoring system by developing innovative smart devices and using IoT technologies for ecosystem monitoring in isolated environments. The developed smart devices include four categories: large-scale and nonintrusive instruments to measure evapotranspiration and soil moisture, in situ observing systems for CO2 and d13 C associated with soil respiration, portable and distributed devices for monitoring vegetation variables, and Bi-CMOS cameras and pressure trigger sensors for terrestrial vertebrate monitoring. These new devices outperform conventional devices and are connected to each other via wireless communication networks. The breakthroughs in the ecosystem monitoring IoT include new data loggers and longdistance wireless sensor network technology that supports the rapid transmission of data from devices to wireless networks. The applicability of this ecosystem monitoring IoT is verified in three fragile ecosystems, including a karst rocky desertification area, the National Park for Amur Tigers, and the oasis-desert ecotone in China. By integrating these devices and technologies with an ecosystem monitoring information system, a seamless data acquisition, transmission, processing, and application IoT is created. The establishment of this ecosystem monitoring IoT will serve as a new paradigm for ecosystem monitoring and therefore provide a platform for ecosystem management and decision making in the era of big data.展开更多
The nitrate-nitrogen（NO 3-N） concentrations from shallow groundwater wells situated in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network field stations,representing typical agroand forest ecosystems,were assessed using m...The nitrate-nitrogen（NO 3-N） concentrations from shallow groundwater wells situated in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network field stations,representing typical agroand forest ecosystems,were assessed using monitoring data collected between 2004 and 2010.Results from this assessment permit a national scale assessment of nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater,and allow linkages between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and broad land use categories to be made.Results indicated that most of the NO 3--N concentrations in groundwater from the agroand forest ecosystems were below the Class 3 drinking water standard stated in the Chinese National Standard：Quality Standard for Ground Water（≤ 20 mg/L）.Over the study period,the average NO 3--N concentrations were significantly higher in agro-ecosystems（4.1 ± 0.33 mg/L） than in forest ecosystems（0.5 ± 0.04 mg/L）.NO 3-N concentrations were relatively higher（〉 10 mg N /L） in 10 of the 43 wells sampled in the agricultural ecosystems.These elevated concentrations occurred mainly in the Ansai,Yucheng,Linze,Fukang,Akesu,and Cele field sites,which were located in arid and semiarid areas where irrigation rates are high.We suggest that improvements in N fertilizer application and irrigation management practices in the arid and semi-arid agricultural ecosystems of China are the key to managing groundwater nitrate concentrations.展开更多
Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agricul- ture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrog...Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agricul- ture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrogen and different nitrogen species present in surface-water in Beijing, China. Also, chemical （NO3-N/C1-） and isotopic （615Nnitrate） indicators were used to identify nitrate sources. The results showed that, during 2009 and 2010, nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 mg· L^-1, ammonium nitrogen from 0. I to 3.4 mg· L^-1, and total nitrogen from 2.4 to 17.0mg· L^-1. Inorganic nitrogen accounted for between 60 and 100% of total nitrogen at the ten monitoring sites. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations at the 2 downstream monitoring sites in south-eastern Beijing were significantly higher than those at the other eight upstream monitoring sites （P 〈 0.01）. Examination of seasonal variation showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between nitrate nitrogen concentrations and precipitation, and that nitrate nitrogen concentrations peaked in the dry seasons. The information given by the 15Nnitrate values and nitrate nitrogen concentrations, combined with the NO3-N/C1- ratio distribution, showed that domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Beijing. Methods to control and reduce sewage pollution are urgently needed to help manage surface water quality in Beijing.展开更多
The ozonolysis of 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （2,3,7,8-TCDD） is an efficient degradation way in the atmosphere. The ozonolysis process and possible reactions path of Criegee Intermediates with NO and H2O ar...The ozonolysis of 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （2,3,7,8-TCDD） is an efficient degradation way in the atmosphere. The ozonolysis process and possible reactions path of Criegee Intermediates with NO and H2O are introduced in detail at the method of MPWB1K/6-31＋G（d,p）//MPWB1K/6- 311＋G（3df,2p） level. In ozonolysis, H2O is an important source of OH radical formation and initiated the subsequent degradation reaction. The Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus （RRKM） theory was applied to calculate rate constants with the temperature ranging from 200 to 600 K. The rate constant of reaction between 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 03 is 4.80 × 10^-20 cm3/（mole.sec） at 298 K and 760 Tort. The atmospheric lifetime of the reaction species was estimated according to rate constants, which is helpful for the atmospheric model study on the degradation and risk assessment of dioxin.展开更多
Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3expo...Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3exposure-response models. The results showed that：（1） During the growing season（7 March to 7 June, 2012）, the minimum（16.1 ppb V） and maximum（53.3 ppb V）mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6：30 and 16：00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppb V, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature.（2） The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity（V d） can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon（12：00）. Averaged V d during daytime（6：00–18：00） and nighttime（18：00–6：00） were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured V d was about1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of V d was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity.（3） The maximum mean F o appeared at 14：00, and the maximum measured F o was-33.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）. Averaged F o during daytime and nighttime were-6.9 and-1.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）, respectively.（4） Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average（5.5%–23.3%）. Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common and serious health issue with a growing incidence and mortality rate.Tripterygium wilfordii(TW)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to cause kidney damage.Howeve...Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common and serious health issue with a growing incidence and mortality rate.Tripterygium wilfordii(TW)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to cause kidney damage.However,the associated mechanism of TW-induced AKI remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to uncover the associated mechanisms of AKI induced by TW using network pharmacology and bioinformatics.The candidate compounds of TW and the potential targets were screened using TCMSP and CTD database,and the AKI-related targets were identified from the Dis Ge NET database.The disease targets were intersected with the drug targets,and the Wayne diagram was drawn by Venny 2.1.0 software.We developed proteinprotein interactions(PPI)network and the“disease-compound-target-pathway”network through the Cytoscape software.By using the DAVID database,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out to reveal the potential signaling pathways of the compound-TW-induced AKI.Meanwhile,the Auto dock vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking to verify the active compound and key targets’binding ability.Critical compounds and key targets of TW-induced AKI were identified,including triptolide,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,nobiletin,stigmasterol,TNF,and so on.The GO analysis showed that potential genes’biological function was mainly involved in apoptosis,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Moreover,eight signaling pathways were found,including the HIF-1 signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,apoptosis,and so on.The molecular docking results proved that the core compound’s affinity with the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good.This study preliminarily predicted the core toxic compounds,targets,and related pathways of TW-induced AKI,providing a theoretical basis for the follow-up clinical rational drug use and related research work of TW.展开更多
Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and post-pone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes,but this lagged effect is often ignored.In this study,we used carbon flux data collected from th...Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and post-pone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes,but this lagged effect is often ignored.In this study,we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China,including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner mongolia(Neimeng site,Nm),an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai(Haibei site,Hb)and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet(Dangxiong site,DX),to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO_(2) exchange.Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands.In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors,we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them‘yearly’statistics in this study.To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the car-bon fluxes,the climatic‘yearly’statistics were kept still and the‘yearly’statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time.Important Findingssoil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine Hb and DX,respectively,while the Nm site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor.The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months,even half a year lag effects on Co2 exchange at the three studied sites,while moisture’s effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner,except at Nm.In general,the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem.our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate,so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability.an improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.展开更多
Understanding the interactions between graphene nanomaterials（GNMs） and antibiotics in aqueous solution is critical to both the engineering applications of GNMs and the assessment of their potential impact on the fa...Understanding the interactions between graphene nanomaterials（GNMs） and antibiotics in aqueous solution is critical to both the engineering applications of GNMs and the assessment of their potential impact on the fate and transport of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. In this study, adsorption of one common antibiotic, tetracycline, by graphene oxide（GO） and reduced graphene oxide（RGO） was examined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） and graphite as comparison. The results showed that the tetracycline adsorption capacity by the four selected carbonaceous materials on the unit mass basis followed an order of GO ＆gt; RGO ＆gt; MWCNTs ＆gt; graphite. Upon normalization by surface area,graphite, RGO and MWCNTs had almost the same high tetracycline adsorption affinity while GO exhibited the lowest. We proposed π-electron-property dependent interaction mechanisms to explain the observed different adsorption behaviors. Density functional theory（DFT） calculations suggested that the oxygen-containing functional groups on GO surface reduced its π-electron-donating ability, and thus decreased the π-based interactions between tetracycline and GO surface. Comparison of adsorption efficiency at different p H indicated that electrostatic interaction also played an important role in tetracycline-GO interactions. Site energy analysis confirmed a highly heterogeneous distribution of the binding sites and strong tetracycline binding affinity of GO surface.展开更多
The concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） from 83 surface water sampling sites in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network （CERN） monitored ecosystems, representing typical agro- and forest ecosystems, were ...The concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） from 83 surface water sampling sites in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network （CERN） monitored ecosystems, representing typical agro- and forest ecosystems, were assessed using monitoring data collected between 2004 and 2010 from still and flowing surface water. Results showed that, TP concentrations were significantly higher in agro-ecosystems than those in forest ecosystems both for still and flowing surface water. For agro- ecosystems, TP concentrations in the southern area were significantly higher than those in the northern and north- western areas for both still and flowing surface water, however no distinct spatial pattern was observed for forest ecosystems. In general, the median values of TP within agro- and forest ecosystems did not exceed the Class V guideline for still （0.2mg.L-1） or flowing （0.4mg.L-1） surface water, however, surface water at some agro- ecosystem sampling sites was frequently polluted by TE Elevated concentrations were mainly found in still surface water at the Changshu, Fukang, Linze and Naiman monitored ecosystems, where exceedance （〉 0.2 mg.L-1） frequencies varied from 43% to 78%. For flowing water, elevated TP concentrations were found at the Hailun, Changshu and Shapotou monitored ecosystems, where exceedance （〉 0.4 mg. L-1） frequencies varied from 29% to 100%. Irrational fertilization, frequent irrigation and livestock manure input might be the main contributors of high TP concentrations in these areas, and reduced fertilizer applications, improvements in irrigation practices and centralized treatment of animal waste are necessary to control P loss in these TP vulnerable zones.展开更多
Dielectric barrier discharges （DBD） have been used in the degradation of dioxins due to the large number of excimers and free radicals produced in discharge process. In this article, the density functional theory （...Dielectric barrier discharges （DBD） have been used in the degradation of dioxins due to the large number of excimers and free radicals produced in discharge process. In this article, the density functional theory （DFT） is used to study the degradation mechanism of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin （OCDD） with the atomic oxygen O（3P） in DBD reactor. The reactants, intermediates, transition states and products are optimized at the MPWB1K/6- 31 ＋ G（d,p） level. The vibrational frequencies have been calculated at the same level. The reaction pathways and mechanisms are analyzed in detail. The effect of removing the chlorine atom on environment also has been discussed.展开更多
基金funded in part by the United Nations Children's Fund(UNICEF)(grant number:UNICEF 2018-Nutrition-2.1.2.3)the Chinese Nutrition Society-National Nutrition Science Research Grant(grant number:CNS-NNSRG2019-97).
文摘Objective:We examined the association between body mass index(BMI)and body fat percentage(BF%)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)among adults and children in China.Methods:We searched four databases-PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Vip for studies published in the past 22 years.Meta-analysis was conducted using random-or fixed-effect models.Results:In total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in review,and 17 ot them in meta-analysis.They were conducted across China.Their sample size ranged from 62 to 5726,and participants'age ranged from 6-80 years.Meta-analysis revealed strong associations between BMI and BF% measured by DXA in adults(pooled r=0.71,95% CI:0.66 to 0.74)and children(pooled r=0.60,95% CI:0.52 to 0.68).The association was stronger in Northern China than in East China in children(β=-0.40,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.14)and in Central China in adults(β=-0.25;95% CI:-0.51 to-0.01).Urban children's BMI was strongly associated with BF%than rural(β=0.19;95%CI:0.04 to 0.35),whereas it was stronger in adults living in rural than in urban(β=-0.35;95% CI:-0.66 to-0.05).Conclusions:BMI was strongly associated with BF%measured by DXA,and the association in children and adults in China varied by residence and region.
基金supported in part by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number:2017YFC0907200 and 2017YFC0907201).
文摘Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.4%to 36.1%)in 2010 and 29.8%(95%CI:29.4%to 30.2%)in 2013 in China,and 35.3%(95%CI:33.6%to 37.1%)in 2010 and 37.9%(95%CI:36.0%to 39.7%)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4%(95%CI:17.9%to 1&9%)in 2010 and 23.8%(95%CI:23.1%to 24.6%)in 2013 in China and 54.5%(95%CI:50.3%to 5&7%)in 2010 and 50.9%(95%CI:46.5%to 55.3%)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2%(95%CI:3.0%to 3.5%)and 5.7%(95%CI:5.3%to 6.0%)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6%(95%CI:46.2%to 55.0%)and 55.3%(95%CI:50.3%to 60.3%)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.
基金jointly financed by the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41571251,41571130043)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2012CB416903)
文摘Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.
文摘With the rapid development of new technologies and global trade and increasing collaboration am ong countries worldwide,public health has become a global issue.Global health,as a new discipline,has been drawing more attention from both academ ia and governments.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),proposed by China in 2013,aimed to prom ote trade and resource exchange,including education,research,and health issues,with over 60 countries in Asia,Africa,and Europe.The BRI provides good opportunities for involved countries to address health problems jointly as well.In response to the BRI and to promote international collaboration on global health issues,"The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive M edicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting"was held on Septem ber 24-27,2017 in Xi’an,China.Thus far,this is the largest high-quality international conference held in China that focused on the BRI global health issues.This article summarized the background,key sessions and topics covered during the congress,and important events,and highlights different perspectives of the BRI and global health by invited experts from China and abroad.The conference included 14 sessions(three keynote speech forums and ten scientific sessions and a research poster session)and about 100 speakers,around 40 of which were leading experts outside of China.All the major sessions were held in English.More than 40 leaders and experts of health sectors from 13 countries presented their work in the congress.Approximately 400 delegates from 29 countries attended the congress.Delegates had extensive discussions about global health related issues,future cooperation and development in global health.The congress fostered international exchange and collaboration.
基金supported by the China National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Innovation and Development”(Grant No.:2019ZX09732002-006)the National New Drug Creation Program of China(Grant No.:2018ZX09201017-004)+5 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.:XDA12020223,XDA12020330,XDA12020360,and XDA12050305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81872785 and 81673347)the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Department of Science and Technology Province(Grant No.:20190202)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.:17431904400,19YF1457400,and 21S11904500)Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.:CASIMM0120202007 and CASIMM0120202008)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Zhongshan City(Grant Nos.:191022172638719 and 210205143867019).
文摘Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies.In this study,we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)and the development,validation,and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies(tAb,antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies)in cynomolgus monkey sera.These assays were successfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic(PK)studies of SMADC001,an MMAE-conjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(TROP-2).The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit,Lys(m-dPEG24)-Cit,and Val-Cit linkers.The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation between serum concentrations and the OD450 values,with R2 at 1.000,and the dynamic range was 0.3-35.0 ng/mL and 0.2-22.0 ng/mL,respectively;the intra-and inter-assay accuracy bias%ranged from -12.2% to -5.2%,precision ranged from -12.4% to -1.4%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was less than 6.6% and 8.7%,respectively.The total error was less than 20.4%.The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters,which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs,as well as in PK studies.Furthermore,these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.
文摘With an increasing proportion of sedentary lifestyle related chronic diseases,an efficient way to help fight the growing world epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)and promote public health in a fast-changing world is urgently needed.Exercise and medicine science have played an important role in prevention and control of NCDs.However,the current status and future development directions regarding the integration of exercise science and medicine(IESM)in China have not been well discussed.During 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive Medicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting,Xi’an Jiaotong University Global Health Institute,and the Integration of Sport and Medicine Innovation Research Center,China Institute of Sport Science organized the IESM Forum on September 27.Six leaders and experts from China and abroad presented excellent research reports in the IESM Forum from several aspects.Experts reached a consensus at the end of their discussions that,in the near future,the IESM will be a key part of a sustainable health care system and as such should contribute to prosperity in China and around the world.However,compared with European,American and Japanese universities,the development of the IESM in China is in its early stages with huge development potential.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20146,Grant No.52200198)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QB186).
文摘The electroplating industry is the main source of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(6:2 Cl-PFESA)pollution,which presents risks to human health and the environment.It is therefore crucial to develop effective 6:2 Cl-PFESA degradation techniques.Persulfate oxidation is a potential treatment method for 6:2 Cl-PFESA due to its outstanding oxidative degradability following the generation of the sulfate radical(SO_(4)^(•−))and hydroxyl radical(•OH).It has proven difficult to acquire a full understanding of the reaction mechanism and formation of intermediate(IM)products through conventional experimental studies because they are costly and time-consuming.Therefore,a theoretical analysis method based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations was applied.The DFT results showed that electron transfer for the degradation of 6:2 Cl-PFESA could be initiated by the protonated sulfate radical(HSO_(4)•,ΔG≠SET=9.16 kcal/mol),rather than SO4•−(ΔG≠SET=41.60 kcal/mol).After desulfonation,the reaction underwent stepwise decarboxylation cycles under the action of•OH,leading to the elimination of the CF_(2) units until there was complete mineralization into HCl,HF,and CO_(2).Furthermore,the IMs and the end products of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were evaluated using ECOSAR and TEST software.The low bioaccumulation of the short-chain IMs meant that they could be considered safe in terms of ecotoxicity and health effects.This research determined the theoretical and mechanistic basis of the effects of persulfate in the treatment of water containing 6:2 Cl-PFESA,and its structural analogues.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2021YFA0718700,2017YFA0302900,2017YFA0303003,2018YFB0704102,and 2018YFA0305800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11888101,11927808,11834016,11961141008,12174428,and 12274439)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB25000000,XDB33000000)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z190008)CAS through the Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2022YSBR-048)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101340002)the Center for Materials Genome.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071333,52173123)the Guangdong Province Key Field R&D Program Projects(2020B1111150002,2019B010941002)+3 种基金the Guangdong Scientific and Technological Project(2021A1515010878)the Frontier Research Program of Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory,2018GZR110105008)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(202206010160)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The damage of corneal epithelium may lead to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and even blindness.The migration rate of corneal epithelial cells directly affects corneal repair.Here,we explored ocu-microRNA 24-3p(miRNA 24-3p)that can promote rabbit corneal epithelial cells migration and cornea repair.Exosomes,an excellent transport carrier,were exacted from adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for loading with miRNA 24-3p to prepare miRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes(Exos-miRNA 24-3p).It can accelerate corneal epithelial migration in vitro and in vivo.For application in cornea alkali burns,we further modified hyaluronic acid with di(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate(DEGMA)to obtain a thermosensitive hydrogel,also reported a thermosensitive DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel(THH)for the controlled release of Exos-miRNA 24-3p.It formed a highly uniform and clear thin layer on the ocular surface to resist clearance from blinking and extended the drug-ocular-epithelium contact time.The use of THH-3/Exos-miRNA 24-3p for 28 days after alkali burn injury accelerated corneal epithelial defect healing and epithelial maturation.It also reduced corneal stromal fibrosis and macrophage activation.MiRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes functionalized DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a multilevel delivery strategy has a potential use for cell-free therapy of corneal epithelial regeneration.
基金supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2016YFC0500106)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20100104)the 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XXH13505-06)
文摘Smart, real-time, low-cost, and distributed ecosystem monitoring is essential for understanding and managing rapidly changing ecosystems. However, new techniques in the big data era have rarely been introduced into operational ecosystem monitoring, particularly for fragile ecosystems in remote areas.We introduce the Internet of Things(IoT) techniques to establish a prototype ecosystem monitoring system by developing innovative smart devices and using IoT technologies for ecosystem monitoring in isolated environments. The developed smart devices include four categories: large-scale and nonintrusive instruments to measure evapotranspiration and soil moisture, in situ observing systems for CO2 and d13 C associated with soil respiration, portable and distributed devices for monitoring vegetation variables, and Bi-CMOS cameras and pressure trigger sensors for terrestrial vertebrate monitoring. These new devices outperform conventional devices and are connected to each other via wireless communication networks. The breakthroughs in the ecosystem monitoring IoT include new data loggers and longdistance wireless sensor network technology that supports the rapid transmission of data from devices to wireless networks. The applicability of this ecosystem monitoring IoT is verified in three fragile ecosystems, including a karst rocky desertification area, the National Park for Amur Tigers, and the oasis-desert ecotone in China. By integrating these devices and technologies with an ecosystem monitoring information system, a seamless data acquisition, transmission, processing, and application IoT is created. The establishment of this ecosystem monitoring IoT will serve as a new paradigm for ecosystem monitoring and therefore provide a platform for ecosystem management and decision making in the era of big data.
基金supported by the Key Direction in Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-310)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41171153)
文摘The nitrate-nitrogen（NO 3-N） concentrations from shallow groundwater wells situated in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network field stations,representing typical agroand forest ecosystems,were assessed using monitoring data collected between 2004 and 2010.Results from this assessment permit a national scale assessment of nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater,and allow linkages between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and broad land use categories to be made.Results indicated that most of the NO 3--N concentrations in groundwater from the agroand forest ecosystems were below the Class 3 drinking water standard stated in the Chinese National Standard：Quality Standard for Ground Water（≤ 20 mg/L）.Over the study period,the average NO 3--N concentrations were significantly higher in agro-ecosystems（4.1 ± 0.33 mg/L） than in forest ecosystems（0.5 ± 0.04 mg/L）.NO 3-N concentrations were relatively higher（〉 10 mg N /L） in 10 of the 43 wells sampled in the agricultural ecosystems.These elevated concentrations occurred mainly in the Ansai,Yucheng,Linze,Fukang,Akesu,and Cele field sites,which were located in arid and semiarid areas where irrigation rates are high.We suggest that improvements in N fertilizer application and irrigation management practices in the arid and semi-arid agricultural ecosystems of China are the key to managing groundwater nitrate concentrations.
文摘Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agricul- ture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrogen and different nitrogen species present in surface-water in Beijing, China. Also, chemical （NO3-N/C1-） and isotopic （615Nnitrate） indicators were used to identify nitrate sources. The results showed that, during 2009 and 2010, nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 mg· L^-1, ammonium nitrogen from 0. I to 3.4 mg· L^-1, and total nitrogen from 2.4 to 17.0mg· L^-1. Inorganic nitrogen accounted for between 60 and 100% of total nitrogen at the ten monitoring sites. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations at the 2 downstream monitoring sites in south-eastern Beijing were significantly higher than those at the other eight upstream monitoring sites （P 〈 0.01）. Examination of seasonal variation showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between nitrate nitrogen concentrations and precipitation, and that nitrate nitrogen concentrations peaked in the dry seasons. The information given by the 15Nnitrate values and nitrate nitrogen concentrations, combined with the NO3-N/C1- ratio distribution, showed that domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Beijing. Methods to control and reduce sewage pollution are urgently needed to help manage surface water quality in Beijing.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21277082,21177076,71201093)the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province(No.BS2012HZ009,BS2012SF012)+2 种基金the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2012AA06A301)the New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0349)the Open Project from special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.13K05ESPCP)
文摘The ozonolysis of 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （2,3,7,8-TCDD） is an efficient degradation way in the atmosphere. The ozonolysis process and possible reactions path of Criegee Intermediates with NO and H2O are introduced in detail at the method of MPWB1K/6-31＋G（d,p）//MPWB1K/6- 311＋G（3df,2p） level. In ozonolysis, H2O is an important source of OH radical formation and initiated the subsequent degradation reaction. The Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus （RRKM） theory was applied to calculate rate constants with the temperature ranging from 200 to 600 K. The rate constant of reaction between 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 03 is 4.80 × 10^-20 cm3/（mole.sec） at 298 K and 760 Tort. The atmospheric lifetime of the reaction species was estimated according to rate constants, which is helpful for the atmospheric model study on the degradation and risk assessment of dioxin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31070400)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2010CB833501-01)+1 种基金the Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS (Grant No.201003001)the Max Planck Society (Germany)
文摘Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3exposure-response models. The results showed that：（1） During the growing season（7 March to 7 June, 2012）, the minimum（16.1 ppb V） and maximum（53.3 ppb V）mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6：30 and 16：00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppb V, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature.（2） The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity（V d） can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon（12：00）. Averaged V d during daytime（6：00–18：00） and nighttime（18：00–6：00） were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured V d was about1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of V d was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity.（3） The maximum mean F o appeared at 14：00, and the maximum measured F o was-33.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）. Averaged F o during daytime and nighttime were-6.9 and-1.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）, respectively.（4） Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average（5.5%–23.3%）. Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.
基金The Science Foundation of Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20181140)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ201819,180919)。
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common and serious health issue with a growing incidence and mortality rate.Tripterygium wilfordii(TW)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to cause kidney damage.However,the associated mechanism of TW-induced AKI remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to uncover the associated mechanisms of AKI induced by TW using network pharmacology and bioinformatics.The candidate compounds of TW and the potential targets were screened using TCMSP and CTD database,and the AKI-related targets were identified from the Dis Ge NET database.The disease targets were intersected with the drug targets,and the Wayne diagram was drawn by Venny 2.1.0 software.We developed proteinprotein interactions(PPI)network and the“disease-compound-target-pathway”network through the Cytoscape software.By using the DAVID database,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out to reveal the potential signaling pathways of the compound-TW-induced AKI.Meanwhile,the Auto dock vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking to verify the active compound and key targets’binding ability.Critical compounds and key targets of TW-induced AKI were identified,including triptolide,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,nobiletin,stigmasterol,TNF,and so on.The GO analysis showed that potential genes’biological function was mainly involved in apoptosis,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Moreover,eight signaling pathways were found,including the HIF-1 signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,apoptosis,and so on.The molecular docking results proved that the core compound’s affinity with the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good.This study preliminarily predicted the core toxic compounds,targets,and related pathways of TW-induced AKI,providing a theoretical basis for the follow-up clinical rational drug use and related research work of TW.
基金This work was supported by the 973 Program(2013CB956302)of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,and One Hundred Talent Plan,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and post-pone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes,but this lagged effect is often ignored.In this study,we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China,including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner mongolia(Neimeng site,Nm),an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai(Haibei site,Hb)and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet(Dangxiong site,DX),to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO_(2) exchange.Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands.In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors,we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them‘yearly’statistics in this study.To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the car-bon fluxes,the climatic‘yearly’statistics were kept still and the‘yearly’statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time.Important Findingssoil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine Hb and DX,respectively,while the Nm site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor.The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months,even half a year lag effects on Co2 exchange at the three studied sites,while moisture’s effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner,except at Nm.In general,the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem.our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate,so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability.an improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21476130, 21277082, 21337001, 21676161, 41503097)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2014BP012)+2 种基金the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Scientists of Shandong Province, China (No. BS2012HZ008)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (No. 2015JC020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015 M572040)
文摘Understanding the interactions between graphene nanomaterials（GNMs） and antibiotics in aqueous solution is critical to both the engineering applications of GNMs and the assessment of their potential impact on the fate and transport of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. In this study, adsorption of one common antibiotic, tetracycline, by graphene oxide（GO） and reduced graphene oxide（RGO） was examined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） and graphite as comparison. The results showed that the tetracycline adsorption capacity by the four selected carbonaceous materials on the unit mass basis followed an order of GO ＆gt; RGO ＆gt; MWCNTs ＆gt; graphite. Upon normalization by surface area,graphite, RGO and MWCNTs had almost the same high tetracycline adsorption affinity while GO exhibited the lowest. We proposed π-electron-property dependent interaction mechanisms to explain the observed different adsorption behaviors. Density functional theory（DFT） calculations suggested that the oxygen-containing functional groups on GO surface reduced its π-electron-donating ability, and thus decreased the π-based interactions between tetracycline and GO surface. Comparison of adsorption efficiency at different p H indicated that electrostatic interaction also played an important role in tetracycline-GO interactions. Site energy analysis confirmed a highly heterogeneous distribution of the binding sites and strong tetracycline binding affinity of GO surface.
基金This research was funded by the Key Direction in Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （KZCX2- EW-310）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41171153）. We gratefully acknowledge the many Chinese Ecosystem Research Network （CERN） personnel, who designed the monitoring networks and collected and analyzed the samples used in this study.
文摘The concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） from 83 surface water sampling sites in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network （CERN） monitored ecosystems, representing typical agro- and forest ecosystems, were assessed using monitoring data collected between 2004 and 2010 from still and flowing surface water. Results showed that, TP concentrations were significantly higher in agro-ecosystems than those in forest ecosystems both for still and flowing surface water. For agro- ecosystems, TP concentrations in the southern area were significantly higher than those in the northern and north- western areas for both still and flowing surface water, however no distinct spatial pattern was observed for forest ecosystems. In general, the median values of TP within agro- and forest ecosystems did not exceed the Class V guideline for still （0.2mg.L-1） or flowing （0.4mg.L-1） surface water, however, surface water at some agro- ecosystem sampling sites was frequently polluted by TE Elevated concentrations were mainly found in still surface water at the Changshu, Fukang, Linze and Naiman monitored ecosystems, where exceedance （〉 0.2 mg.L-1） frequencies varied from 43% to 78%. For flowing water, elevated TP concentrations were found at the Hailun, Changshu and Shapotou monitored ecosystems, where exceedance （〉 0.4 mg. L-1） frequencies varied from 29% to 100%. Irrational fertilization, frequent irrigation and livestock manure input might be the main contributors of high TP concentrations in these areas, and reduced fertilizer applications, improvements in irrigation practices and centralized treatment of animal waste are necessary to control P loss in these TP vulnerable zones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21277082, 21177076, 71201093)the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middleaged Scientists of Shandong Province (Nos. BS2012HZ009, BS2012SF012)+2 种基金Graduate Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (No. yzc12120)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-13-0349)Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program (No. 295132)
文摘Dielectric barrier discharges （DBD） have been used in the degradation of dioxins due to the large number of excimers and free radicals produced in discharge process. In this article, the density functional theory （DFT） is used to study the degradation mechanism of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin （OCDD） with the atomic oxygen O（3P） in DBD reactor. The reactants, intermediates, transition states and products are optimized at the MPWB1K/6- 31 ＋ G（d,p） level. The vibrational frequencies have been calculated at the same level. The reaction pathways and mechanisms are analyzed in detail. The effect of removing the chlorine atom on environment also has been discussed.
