Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was...Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.展开更多
Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allerg...Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allergic symptoms,spleen index,intestinal section and diarrhea were measured in shrimp allergy mice.As the results,seabuckthorn juice suppressed the lesions in jejunum tissue,diarrhea and allergic symptoms in shrimp allergy mice.Seabuckthorn juice also reduced serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α)as well as immunoglobulin E(IgE)and stimulated the secretion of interleukin-10(IL-10)in mice with shrimp allergy.Taken together,our findings suggest that increased IL-10 by seabuckthorn juice inhibits Th2 cytokine production to suppress shrimp allergic symptoms.Furthermore,seabuckthorn juice also regulates shrimp allergy by reducing jejunum lesions,inhibiting levels of TNF-αand IgE.展开更多
The failure behavior of the precast prestressed concrete T girder was investigated by destructive test and finite-element analysis,and the mid-span deflection,girder stiffness and the variation of the cross section st...The failure behavior of the precast prestressed concrete T girder was investigated by destructive test and finite-element analysis,and the mid-span deflection,girder stiffness and the variation of the cross section strain in the loading process were obtained,and the mechanical properties,mechanical behavior,elastic and plastic behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of T girder with large span were revealed.Furthermore,the relationship between the beam stiffness degradation,the neutral axis in cross-section,steel yielding and concrete cracking are investigated and analyzed.A method was proposed to predict the residual bearing capacity of a bridge based on the variation of the position of the cross section strain distribution and the section neutral axis,which provided a theoretical basis for predicting the stiffness detection and carrying capacity assessment of prestressed concrete beam.展开更多
A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation c...A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.展开更多
The Holocene,the most recent interglacial,provides an important time window for evaluating current global warming and predicting future temperature changes.With the development of new temperature proxies and improveme...The Holocene,the most recent interglacial,provides an important time window for evaluating current global warming and predicting future temperature changes.With the development of new temperature proxies and improvements in climate models,significant progress has been made in understanding Holocene temperature changes.However,a major debate persists about whether global temperatures during the Holocene followed a pattern of gradual warming from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum,which culminated in a temperature maximum in the early to middle Holocene,followed by gradual cooling in the late Holocene(the thermal maximum mode);or whether there was a continuous warming trend that continued to the present day(the continuous warming mode).Significant discrepancies exist between different proxy records as well as between proxy records and models,which have resulted in the “Holocene temperature conundrum” that has challenged paleoclimatologists for the past decade.Here,we summarize the progress made to date in the study of Holocene temperature change via proxy reconstructions,climate model simulations,and paleoclimate data assimilation.We emphasize that the current research has limitations in terms of the multiplicity and seasonality of proxy records,the spatial heterogeneity of temperature records,and the incorporation of feedback processes(e.g.,vegetation,cloudradiation feedback) in climate models.These limitations have hindered a comprehensive understanding of the processes and mechanisms of Holocene temperature changes.To solve the “Holocene temperature conundrum”,it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on climate proxies from the perspective of the underlying processes and mechanisms,elucidate the seasonal response of various temperature proxies,emphasize regional differences in temperature changes,and expand quantitative temperature reconstructions to areas with limited records.However,it is also necessary to improve the simulation performance of complex feedback processes in climate models,reduce simulation errors,and advance the research on data assimilation of Holocene continental temperature records,which may ultimately lead to the optimal integration of paleoclimate records and simulations.展开更多
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1602201)the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development,Beijing Technology and Business University(PRRD-2021-YB8)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fund(31601395)the Key Program for Shaanxi Science and Technology(2020NY-146)。
文摘Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(31601395)the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development,Beijing Technology and Business University(PRRD-2021-YB8)+1 种基金the Key Program for Shaanxi Science and Technology(2020NY-146)Lueyang Black-Bone Chicken Industry Development Research Institute(WJYJY-2021-9)。
文摘Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allergic symptoms,spleen index,intestinal section and diarrhea were measured in shrimp allergy mice.As the results,seabuckthorn juice suppressed the lesions in jejunum tissue,diarrhea and allergic symptoms in shrimp allergy mice.Seabuckthorn juice also reduced serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α)as well as immunoglobulin E(IgE)and stimulated the secretion of interleukin-10(IL-10)in mice with shrimp allergy.Taken together,our findings suggest that increased IL-10 by seabuckthorn juice inhibits Th2 cytokine production to suppress shrimp allergic symptoms.Furthermore,seabuckthorn juice also regulates shrimp allergy by reducing jejunum lesions,inhibiting levels of TNF-αand IgE.
基金the support from the Program for Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY16E080006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51378240)+1 种基金2015 Jiangsu provincial building energy saving and construction industry science and technology project2016 Jiangsu provincial construction industry modernization base project.
文摘The failure behavior of the precast prestressed concrete T girder was investigated by destructive test and finite-element analysis,and the mid-span deflection,girder stiffness and the variation of the cross section strain in the loading process were obtained,and the mechanical properties,mechanical behavior,elastic and plastic behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of T girder with large span were revealed.Furthermore,the relationship between the beam stiffness degradation,the neutral axis in cross-section,steel yielding and concrete cracking are investigated and analyzed.A method was proposed to predict the residual bearing capacity of a bridge based on the variation of the position of the cross section strain distribution and the section neutral axis,which provided a theoretical basis for predicting the stiffness detection and carrying capacity assessment of prestressed concrete beam.
基金This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11819),National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant 51378240,2015 Jiangsu provincial building energy saving and construction industry science and technology project,2016 Jiangsu provincial construction industry modernization base project.
文摘A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41988101)。
文摘The Holocene,the most recent interglacial,provides an important time window for evaluating current global warming and predicting future temperature changes.With the development of new temperature proxies and improvements in climate models,significant progress has been made in understanding Holocene temperature changes.However,a major debate persists about whether global temperatures during the Holocene followed a pattern of gradual warming from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum,which culminated in a temperature maximum in the early to middle Holocene,followed by gradual cooling in the late Holocene(the thermal maximum mode);or whether there was a continuous warming trend that continued to the present day(the continuous warming mode).Significant discrepancies exist between different proxy records as well as between proxy records and models,which have resulted in the “Holocene temperature conundrum” that has challenged paleoclimatologists for the past decade.Here,we summarize the progress made to date in the study of Holocene temperature change via proxy reconstructions,climate model simulations,and paleoclimate data assimilation.We emphasize that the current research has limitations in terms of the multiplicity and seasonality of proxy records,the spatial heterogeneity of temperature records,and the incorporation of feedback processes(e.g.,vegetation,cloudradiation feedback) in climate models.These limitations have hindered a comprehensive understanding of the processes and mechanisms of Holocene temperature changes.To solve the “Holocene temperature conundrum”,it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on climate proxies from the perspective of the underlying processes and mechanisms,elucidate the seasonal response of various temperature proxies,emphasize regional differences in temperature changes,and expand quantitative temperature reconstructions to areas with limited records.However,it is also necessary to improve the simulation performance of complex feedback processes in climate models,reduce simulation errors,and advance the research on data assimilation of Holocene continental temperature records,which may ultimately lead to the optimal integration of paleoclimate records and simulations.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40010200 and XDA2009000004)the Program of Global Change and Mitigation+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0600502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877293,41672162,41977381,and 41472315)。
