This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing corn silage with ensiled tomato pomace on dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of diets.Eight close up dry Holstein cows were used in 2 × 2 ...This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing corn silage with ensiled tomato pomace on dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of diets.Eight close up dry Holstein cows were used in 2 × 2 Latin square design.The animals were fed control(0% tomato pomace silage) and experimental(10% corn silage replaced by tomato pomace silage) diets.The result showed that dry matter intake in experimental group was 9.77 ± 0.44 kg/d,which was significantly higher than in control group(p < 0.05).Dry matter digestibility in experimental and control group was 73.9% and 70.2%,respectively,but there was no difference between two groups(p > 0.05).The substitution of tomato pomace silage in diet was associated with an increase of dry matter intake,dietary supplement of ensiled tomato pomace without any adverse effect on their health performance.展开更多
Background The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor,and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry.Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes,w...Background The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor,and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry.Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes,which need a large amount of data to analyze the genetic loci.Results In this study,we performed a new phenotypic analysis of fat traits and genotyped whole-genome varia-tions for 1,246 ducks,and combed with previous GWAS data to reach 1,880 ducks for following analysis.The carcass composition traits,subcutaneous fat weight(SFW),subcutaneous fat percentage(SFP),abdominal fat weight(AFW),abdominal fat percentage(AFP)and the body weight of day 42(BW42)for each duck were collected.We identified a set of new loci that affect the traits related to fat deposition in avian.Among these loci,ceroid-lipofuscinosis,neuronal 8(CLN8)is a novel candidate gene controlling fat deposition.We investigated its novel function and regulation in avian adipogenesis.Five significant SNPs(the most significant SNP,P-value=21.37E-12)and a single haplotype were detected in the upstream of CLN8 for subcutaneous fat percentage.Subsequently,luciferase assay demonstrated that 5 linked SNPs in the upstream of the CLN8 gene significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of CLN8.Further,ATAC-seq analysis showed that transcription factor binding sites were identified in a region close to the haplotype.A set of luciferase reporter gene vectors that contained different deletion fragments of the CLN8 promoter were con-structed,and the core promoter area of CLN8 was finally identified in the-1,884/-1,207 bp region of the 5′flanking sequences,which contains adipogenesis-related transcription factors binding sites.Moreover,the over-expression of CLN8 can remarkably facilitate adipocyte differentiation in ICPs.Consistent with these,the global transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of the over-expressed CLN8 in the cell line further revealed that the lipid biosynthetic process during the adipogenesis was significantly enriched.Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CLN8 is a positive regulator of avian adipocyte differentiation.These findings identify a novel function of CLN8 in adipocyte differentiation,which provides important clues for the further study of the mechanism of avian fat deposition.展开更多
Savonius hydrokinetic turbine is a kind of turbine set which is suitable for low-velocity conditions.Unlike conventional turbines,Savonius turbines employ S-shaped blades and have simple internal structures.Therefore,...Savonius hydrokinetic turbine is a kind of turbine set which is suitable for low-velocity conditions.Unlike conventional turbines,Savonius turbines employ S-shaped blades and have simple internal structures.Therefore,there is a large space for optimizing the blade geometry.In this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation and genetic algorithm(GA)were used for the optimal design.The optimization strategies and methods were determined by comparing the results calculated by CFD with the experimental results.The weighted objective function was constructed with the maximum power coefficient Cp and the high-power coefficient range R under multiple working conditions.GA helps to find the optimal individual of the objective function.Compared the optimal scheme with the initial scheme,the overlap ratioβincreased from 0.2 to 0.202,and the clearance ratioεincreased from 0 to 0.179,the blade circumferential angleγincreased from 0°to 27°,the blade shape extended more towards the spindle.The overall power of Savonius turbines was maintained at a high level over 22%,R also increased from 0.73 to 1.02.In comparison with the initial scheme,the energy loss of the optimal scheme at high blade tip speed is greatly reduced,and this reduction is closely related to the optimization of blade geometry.As R becomes larger,Savonius turbines can adapt to the overall working conditions and meet the needs of its work in low flow rate conditions.The results of this paper can be used as a reference for the hydrodynamic optimization of Savonius turbine runners.展开更多
Dissecting the genetic components that contribute to the two main subphenotypes of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS)using genome-wide association studies(GWAS)strategy is important for understanding the disea...Dissecting the genetic components that contribute to the two main subphenotypes of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS)using genome-wide association studies(GWAS)strategy is important for understanding the disease.We conducted a multicenter cohort study(360 patients and 1835 controls)combined with a GWAS strategy to identify susceptibility var-iants associated with the following two subphenotypes of ssNS:steroid-sensitive nephrotic syn-drome without relapse(SSNswR,181 patients)and steroid-dependent/frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome(SDNS/FRNS,179 patients).The distribution of two single-nucleotide poly-morphisms(SNPs)in ANKRD36 and ALPG was significant between SSNSWR and healthy controls,and that of two SNPs in GAD1 and HLA-DQA1 was significant between SDNS/FRNS and healthy controls.Interestingly,rs1047989 in HLA-DQA1 was a candidate locus for SDNS/FRNS but not for SSNSWR.No significant SNPs were observed between SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS.Meanwhile,chromosome 2:171713702 in GAD1 was associated with a greater steroid dose(>0.75 mg/kg/d)upon relapse to first remission in patients with SDNS/FRNS(odds ratio=3.14;95%confidence interval,0.97-9.87;P=0.034).rs117014418 in APOL4 was significantly associated with a decrease in eGFR of greater than 20%compared with the baseline in SDNS/FRNS patients(P=0.0001).Protein-protein intersection network construction suggested that HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 function together through GSDMA.Thus,SSNSWR belongs to non-HLA region-dependent nephropathy,and the HLA-DQA/DQB region is likely strongly associated with dis-ease relapse,especially in SDNS/FRNS.The study provides a novel approach for the GWAS strategy of SsNS and contributes to our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SSNSWRandSDNS/FRNS.展开更多
Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-pa...Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)in patients with first-line mPC(NCT05493995).The primary endpoints included the objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR),while secondary endpoints encompassed progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.In 66 patients analysed for efficacy,the best response,indicated by the ORR,was recorded at 50.0%(33/66)(95%CI,37.4–62.6%),with 33 patients achieving partial response(PR).Notably,the DCR was 95.5%(63/66,95%CI,87.3–99.1%).The median PFS(mPFS)and OS(mOS)were 8.8(95%CI,8.1–11.6),and 13.7(95%CI,12.4 to not reached)months,respectively.Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were reported in 39.4%of patients(26/66).In prespecified exploratory analysis,patients with altered SWI/SNF complex had a poorer PFS.Additionally,low serum CA724 level,high T-cell recruitment,low Th17 cell recruitment,and high NK CD56dim cell scores at baseline were potential predicative biomarkers for more favourable efficacy.In conclusion,PAAG as a first-line therapy demonstrated tolerability with promising clinical efficacy for mPC.The biomolecular findings identified in this study possess the potential to guide the precise clinical application of the triple-combo regimen.展开更多
Background:A considerable number of muscle development-related genes were differentially expressed in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.However,the functions of them in adipocyte differentiation remai...Background:A considerable number of muscle development-related genes were differentially expressed in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.However,the functions of them in adipocyte differentiation remain largely known.In this study,the myoblast determination protein 1(MYOD1)was selected as a representative of muscle development.We investigated its expression,function,and regulation in avian adipocyte differentiation.Results:The expression of MYOD1 decreased significantly in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.CRIS PR/Cas9-mediated deletion of MYOD1 induced adipocyte differentiation,whereas over-expression of MYOD1 inhibited adipogenesis.The mRNA-seq data showed that MYOD1 could perturb the lipid biosynthetic process during differentiation.Our results showed that MYOD1 directly up-regulates the miR-206 expression by binding the upstream 1200 bp region of miR-206.Then,over-expression of miR-206 can inhibit the adipogenesis.Furthermore,MYOD1 affected the expression of endogenous miR-206 and its target gene Kruppel-like factor 4(KLF4),which is an important activator of adipogenesis.Accordingly,the inhibition of miR-206 or over-expression of KLF4 could counteract the inhibitory effect of MYOD1 on adipocyte differentiation.Conclusions:Our results establish that MYOD1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation by up-regulating miR-206 to suppress the KLF4 expression.These findings identify a novel function of MYOD1 in adipocyte differentiation,suggesting a potential role in body-fat distribution regulation.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted on tissue-culture rapid propagation techniques of Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. et Krause. [Methods] With lateral buds of S. kochii as explants, the effects of such four basic media ...[Objectives] This study was conducted on tissue-culture rapid propagation techniques of Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. et Krause. [Methods] With lateral buds of S. kochii as explants, the effects of such four basic media as MS, B5, Nitsch and Wpm and the ratio of two hormones(1, 2, 3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/L NAA) on bud proliferation of S. kochii were studied by the complete test method, and the effect of the ratio of the two hormones(0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5 mg/L IBA) on rooting of S. kochii as well as the effect of substrate ratio(perlite and peat soil at 1∶9, 2∶8, 3∶7, 4∶6 and 5∶5) on its transplanting survival rate were also studied. [Results] The best basic medium for the rapid propagation of S. kochii was MS. The best hormone ratio suitable for bud proliferation was 2 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA, and the average number of buds proliferated at 45 d was 3.04. The average bud height was 2.05 cm; the most suitable medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+1 mg/L IBA+0.25 mg/L NAA, and its rooting rate was 100%; and the best transplanting substrate was 5∶5 perlite and peat. The soil ratio had a survival rate of 94%. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the transplanting survival rate of test-tube S. kochii plantlets.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of replacing fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP)on growth,feed utilization and intestinal histology of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).The control diet con...This study investigated the effects of replacing fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP)on growth,feed utilization and intestinal histology of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).The control diet contained 350 g/kg fishmeal,and then dietary fishmeal was decreased to 300 g/kg,250 g/kg,200 g/kg,150 g/kg and 100 g/kg by CAP inclusion,respectively(FM-30,FM-25,FM-20,FM-15,FM-10).The largemouth bass(110.0±1.0 g)were fed one of the six diets for 8 weeks.The groups of FM-30,FM-25 and FM-20 showed the similar weight gain(WG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)to the control(P>0.05),while the WG of FM-10 group was decreased by 15.9%,and FCR increased by 0.12 when compared to the control(P<0.05).FM-15 and FM-10 groups had lower protein retention,lower villus height in intestine and higher serum malondialdehyde content than the control(P<0.05).The protease activity in FM-20,FM-15 and FM-10 groups was lower than that in the control(P<0.05),but no difference was observed in crude protein digestibility among groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,CAP could replace 150 g/kg fishmeal in diet(350 g/kg fishmeal)without adverse effects on growth,feed utilization and intestinal histology of largemouth bass.展开更多
Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred ...Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred lines of sweet corn that were selected for their differences in pericarp tenderness.The three lines presented a curvilinear increase in pericarp tenderness(puncture reading)from 12 to 24 d after pollination(DAP)across two environments,with the means at each time point always in the same order:S33205>T105>PE10.Pericarp tenderness difference at each same time point in two environments over time varied similarly in each of the three inbred lines:increasing first,then dropping after peak,and insignificant at the end.Of the main pericarp components,mean contents were in the order:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin in both environments at each time point for the three inbred lines.As the pericarp developed,hemicellulose content increased gradually,lignin content varied along a single-peak curve,cellulose content fluctuated around 24%,and pectin and ash contents changed slightly and irregularly.The pericarp of PE10,with the most tender pericarp,accumulated hemicellulose faster than other two lines.Hemicellulose and lignin contents were significantly correlated with pericarp tenderness,and the main components affected pericarp tenderness.展开更多
Pre-donation evaluation of organ donors is important.Organ quality directly affects both short-and long-term survival rates of transplanted organs and recipients after transplantation.Contraindications to donation are...Pre-donation evaluation of organ donors is important.Organ quality directly affects both short-and long-term survival rates of transplanted organs and recipients after transplantation.Contraindications to donation are directly related to recipient survival and medical ethics.The following information is included in this organ donation case report:detailed medical history(primary disease and surgical history),blood type,infectious diseases,coagulation function,biochemical function,tumor biomarker,indicators related to tuberculosis infection,microbial culture indicators,lung computed tomography(CT)scan,and abdominal ultrasound(heart,liver,gallbladder,pancreas,spleen,kidneys,ureters,bladder,adnexa).We found a 10 cm×10 cm space-occupying lesion in the abdominal cavity in this donor organ retrieval surgery.Frozen or paraffin sections showed that the space-occupying lesion was malignant.The organ donor was not suitable due to the malignant tumor,and the transplantation surgery was canceled.We analyzed this case of organ donation to provide a reference for the follow-up donation evaluation process.This case study reveals the limitations of preoperative non-invasive assessment,the necessity of preoperative multi-dimensional assessment of organ function,and the exclusion of donation contraindications.展开更多
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI)is the key ingredient of chiral spintronic phenomena and the emerging technologies based on such phenomena.A nonzero DMI usually occurs at magnetic interfaces or within non-centro...Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI)is the key ingredient of chiral spintronic phenomena and the emerging technologies based on such phenomena.A nonzero DMI usually occurs at magnetic interfaces or within non-centrosymmetric single crystals.Here,we report the observation of a strong unexpected DMI within a centrosymmetric polycrystalline ferromagnet that has neither a crystal inversion symmetry breaking nor a composition gradient.This DMI is a bulk effect,increases with the thickness of the magnetic layer,and is insensitive to the symmetry of the interfaces or the neighboring materials.We observe a total DMI strength that is a factor of>2 greater than the highest interfacial DMI in the literature.This DMI most likely arises from the strong spin-orbit coupling,strong orbital hybrization,and a“hidden”long-range asymmetry in the material.Our discovery of the strong unconventional bulk DMI in centrosymmetric,composition-uniform magnetic single layers provides fundamental building blocks for the emerging field of spintronics and will stimulate the exploitation of unconventional spin-orbit phenomena in a wide range of materials.展开更多
The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supp...The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supplementation of monocalcium phosphate(MCP)of 0,5,10,15,20 and 25 g/kg in basal diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal,respectively.The digestible phosphorus of the six diets was measured as 5.7,6.7,7.8,8.7,9.3 and 10.0 g/kg,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish(initial body weight,16.0±0.2 g)for 60 days.The results showed that weight gain increased,and feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of dietary phosphorus.When dietary MCP exceeded 15 g/kg(digestible phosphorus of 8.7 g/kg),the WG and FCR were maintained at the similar values.The crude ash,phosphorus and calcium contents in whole body,apparent digestibility of phosphorus and protein retention also increased with the increasing phosphorus level in diets.Vertebrae phosphorus and calcium levels and plasma phosphorus showed no further increase when dietary MCP reached 20,20 and 10 g/kg with digestible phosphorus of 9.3,9.3 and 7.8 g/kg,respectively.Broken-line analysis indicated that the digestible phosphorus requirement for largemouth bass were 8.9,8.7 and 9.6 g/kg based on weight gain,feed conversion ratio and vertebral phosphorus content.In conclusion,the supplementation of MCP in a diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal improved the growth and feed utilization of largemouth bass,and the digestible phosphorus requirement was suggested to be 8.7–8.9 g/kg with MCP supplementation of 15.0–15.8 g/kg.展开更多
Lattice Boltzmannmodel(LBM)in conjunction with an accurate Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technology was proposed to simulate various vortical structures and their evolutions in open pump intakes.The strain rate tensor in ...Lattice Boltzmannmodel(LBM)in conjunction with an accurate Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technology was proposed to simulate various vortical structures and their evolutions in open pump intakes.The strain rate tensor in the LES model is locally calculated by means of non-equilibrium moments based on Chapman-Enskog expansion,and bounce-back scheme was used for non-slip condition on solid walls and reflection scheme for free surface.The presentedmodel was applied to investigate free-surface and wall-attached vortices for different water levels and flow rate.The vortex position,shapes and vorticities were predicted successfully under three flowing cases(i.e.critical water level(CWL),lower water level,lower flow rate),and the numerical velocity and streamline distribution were analyzed systematically.For CWL based on Froude number considering open channel flows,the shape and the location of various dynamic vortices were captured.Compare to the experimental results of CWL,more vortices were predicted for lower water level,and less vortices were observed for lower flow rate.The predicted velocities and vortex locations are in good agreement with the experimental of a small physical model.The comparisons demonstrated the feasibility and stability of above-mentioned model and numerical method in predicting vortex flows inside open pump intakes.展开更多
Understanding the association between the genetic and clinical phenotypes in children with nephrotic syndrome(NS)of different etiologies is critical for early clinical guidance.We employed whole-exome sequencing(WES)t...Understanding the association between the genetic and clinical phenotypes in children with nephrotic syndrome(NS)of different etiologies is critical for early clinical guidance.We employed whole-exome sequencing(WES)to detect monogenic causes of NS in a multicenter cohort of 637 patients.In this study,a genetic cause was identified in 30.0%of the idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS)patients.Other than congenital nephrotic syndrome(CNS),there were no significant differences in the incidence of monogenic diseases based on the age at manifestation.Causative mutations were detected in 39.5%of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)and 9.2%of those with minimal change disease(MCD).In terms of the patterns in patients with different types of steroid resistance,a single gene mutation was identified in 34.8%of patients with primary resistance,2.9%with secondary resistance,and 71.4%of children with multidrug resistance.Among the various intensified immunosuppressive therapies,tacrolimus(TAC)showed the highest response rate,with 49.7%of idiopathic SRNS patients achieving complete remission.Idiopathic SRNS patients with monogenic disease showed a similar multidrug resistance pattern,and only 31.4%of patients with monogenic disease achieved a partial remission on TAC.During an average 4.1-year follow-up,21.4%of idiopathic SRNS patients with monogenic disease progressed to end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Collectively,this study provides evidence that genetic testing is necessary for presumed steroid-resistant and idiopathic SRNS patients,especially those with primary and/or multidrug resistance.展开更多
Importance:Dexmedetomidine inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)and protects neural function.However,the mechanism of dexmedetomidine’s anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear.Ob...Importance:Dexmedetomidine inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)and protects neural function.However,the mechanism of dexmedetomidine’s anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear.Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive level and expression of inflammatory factors in children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB.Methods:Ninety children with congenital heart disease were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 children in each.In Group 1,a 1.0μg·kg-1·h-1 intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia,followed by a 0.2μg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision.In Group 2,a 0.5μg/kg intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia,followed by a 0.1μg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision.The control group was given physiological saline using the same method as in Groups 1 and 2.The serum levels of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),S-100βprotein,neuron-specific enolase(NSE),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured before the surgery(T1),at the end of CPB(T2),2 hours after CPB(T3),6 hours after CPB(T4),and 24 hours after CPB(T5).The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children(WISC)was measured before the operation and at 3,6,and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the neurodevelopmental state of the children.Results:The levels of the NF-κB,S-100βprotein,NSE,TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly higher at T2,T3,or T4 than before the surgery(T1)in the control group or the dexmedetomidine groups.However,the increases of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,S-100βand NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group(P<0.017).The WISC scores were similar among the three groups before or after the operation.Interpretation:The increases in NF-κB,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels indicated aggravation of the inflammatory reaction and the increase S-100βprotein and NSE levels indicated that the nervous system was damaged.Administration of dexmedetomidine to children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB can inhibit the inflammatory response and may ameliorate the neurodevelopmental damage caused by CPB.展开更多
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)is an important transcription factor in the regulation of redox homeostasis,which plays a vital role in metabolism,the cell cycle,and cell protection.In this study,the ...Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)is an important transcription factor in the regulation of redox homeostasis,which plays a vital role in metabolism,the cell cycle,and cell protection.In this study,the complete cDNA sequence of Nrf2 gene of grass carp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR),and the characteristics of Nrf2 proteins predicted from gene sequencing were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Tissue differential expression patterns were also detected by Real-time Fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Then,Eucommia ulmoides(EU),a traditional Chinese medicine,was added into diet with an inclusion of 2%to feed grass carp for 3 months to investigate the effects on the expression of Nrf2 gene in tissues.The results showed that the full-length of Nrf2 gene of grass carp is 2760 bp,encoding 593 amino acids,and the predicted Nrf2 protein is a hydrophilic and non-secretory protein.Grass carp Nrf2 gene showed higher expression in kidney,gill,liver,spleen,and blood tissues than in other tissues.In the feeding trial,dietary EU significantly promoted the Nrf2 mRNA expression in kidney,gill,and liver tissues after three months feeding.The results suggest that Nrf2 plays an important role in the anti-oxidative capacity of grass carp and its expression is enhanced by dietary EU.展开更多
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of positively buoyant dietary materials on growth,intestinal health,and fecal properties of tilapia.In trial 1,ten diets containing 0(control)1%,2%or 3%cork,expanded a...Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of positively buoyant dietary materials on growth,intestinal health,and fecal properties of tilapia.In trial 1,ten diets containing 0(control)1%,2%or 3%cork,expanded and vitrified microball or expanded vermiculilite fine particles(250e450 mm)were fed to tilapia fry(5.0±0.1 g)for 30 days to evaluate the effects on the growth and feeding efficiencies.In trial 2,the three buoyant materials with coarse particles(450e830 mm)were included in diets at 0(control),3%,4%or 5%supplementation levels to feed tilapia juveniles(55.0±1.0 g),and the growth,feed efficiencies,evacuation velocity,fecal floatability and intestinal histology were examined after 21 days feeding.In trial 1,the weight gain(WG)of the fish significantly decreased with the supplementation of 2%,3%cork,3%microball or 3%vermiculite(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)was significantly increased by 3%cork and 3%vermiculite(P<0.05)when compared to the control.In trial 2,cork-fed groups were observed to have more floating feces than microball-and vermiculite-fed groups.Dietary cork significantly decreased the sinking velocity of diets and feces(P<.05),but microball only decreased the sinking velocity of diets,and vermiculite(4%,5%)decreased the sinking velocity of feces(P<0.05).All buoyant materials supplemented groups showed lower WG and higher FCR than the control(P<.05).The intestine evacuation velocity and villus height,crypt depth,muscle thickness of intestinal walls were decreased by the increasing buoyant materials in diets,and 5%microball group showed the lowest values among all groups.In conclusion,dietary cork,microball and vermiculite(3%e5%)negatively affect the growth performance and intestinal histology of tilapia,and diets with cork supplementation could decrease the density of feed and feces to produce floating feces.展开更多
eLight,1,6(2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s43593-021-00006-8 Excitons-charge-neutral quasiparticles comprised of bound electron hole pairs-can be formed within a wide range of semiconductors,including monolayer transiti...eLight,1,6(2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s43593-021-00006-8 Excitons-charge-neutral quasiparticles comprised of bound electron hole pairs-can be formed within a wide range of semiconductors,including monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs).The ongoing development towards practical excitonic devices necessitates a fundamental understanding of exciton transport in TMDs.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31472125)
文摘This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing corn silage with ensiled tomato pomace on dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of diets.Eight close up dry Holstein cows were used in 2 × 2 Latin square design.The animals were fed control(0% tomato pomace silage) and experimental(10% corn silage replaced by tomato pomace silage) diets.The result showed that dry matter intake in experimental group was 9.77 ± 0.44 kg/d,which was significantly higher than in control group(p < 0.05).Dry matter digestibility in experimental and control group was 73.9% and 70.2%,respectively,but there was no difference between two groups(p > 0.05).The substitution of tomato pomace silage in diet was associated with an increase of dry matter intake,dietary supplement of ensiled tomato pomace without any adverse effect on their health performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000100)National Waterfowl-Industry Technology Research System(CARS-42–09)+1 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(31972525,31572388)Beijing Joint Research Program for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding(G20220628007).
文摘Background The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor,and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry.Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes,which need a large amount of data to analyze the genetic loci.Results In this study,we performed a new phenotypic analysis of fat traits and genotyped whole-genome varia-tions for 1,246 ducks,and combed with previous GWAS data to reach 1,880 ducks for following analysis.The carcass composition traits,subcutaneous fat weight(SFW),subcutaneous fat percentage(SFP),abdominal fat weight(AFW),abdominal fat percentage(AFP)and the body weight of day 42(BW42)for each duck were collected.We identified a set of new loci that affect the traits related to fat deposition in avian.Among these loci,ceroid-lipofuscinosis,neuronal 8(CLN8)is a novel candidate gene controlling fat deposition.We investigated its novel function and regulation in avian adipogenesis.Five significant SNPs(the most significant SNP,P-value=21.37E-12)and a single haplotype were detected in the upstream of CLN8 for subcutaneous fat percentage.Subsequently,luciferase assay demonstrated that 5 linked SNPs in the upstream of the CLN8 gene significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of CLN8.Further,ATAC-seq analysis showed that transcription factor binding sites were identified in a region close to the haplotype.A set of luciferase reporter gene vectors that contained different deletion fragments of the CLN8 promoter were con-structed,and the core promoter area of CLN8 was finally identified in the-1,884/-1,207 bp region of the 5′flanking sequences,which contains adipogenesis-related transcription factors binding sites.Moreover,the over-expression of CLN8 can remarkably facilitate adipocyte differentiation in ICPs.Consistent with these,the global transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of the over-expressed CLN8 in the cell line further revealed that the lipid biosynthetic process during the adipogenesis was significantly enriched.Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CLN8 is a positive regulator of avian adipocyte differentiation.These findings identify a novel function of CLN8 in adipocyte differentiation,which provides important clues for the further study of the mechanism of avian fat deposition.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 52079142.
文摘Savonius hydrokinetic turbine is a kind of turbine set which is suitable for low-velocity conditions.Unlike conventional turbines,Savonius turbines employ S-shaped blades and have simple internal structures.Therefore,there is a large space for optimizing the blade geometry.In this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation and genetic algorithm(GA)were used for the optimal design.The optimization strategies and methods were determined by comparing the results calculated by CFD with the experimental results.The weighted objective function was constructed with the maximum power coefficient Cp and the high-power coefficient range R under multiple working conditions.GA helps to find the optimal individual of the objective function.Compared the optimal scheme with the initial scheme,the overlap ratioβincreased from 0.2 to 0.202,and the clearance ratioεincreased from 0 to 0.179,the blade circumferential angleγincreased from 0°to 27°,the blade shape extended more towards the spindle.The overall power of Savonius turbines was maintained at a high level over 22%,R also increased from 0.73 to 1.02.In comparison with the initial scheme,the energy loss of the optimal scheme at high blade tip speed is greatly reduced,and this reduction is closely related to the optimization of blade geometry.As R becomes larger,Savonius turbines can adapt to the overall working conditions and meet the needs of its work in low flow rate conditions.The results of this paper can be used as a reference for the hydrodynamic optimization of Savonius turbine runners.
基金funded by the China National Natural Science Foundation(No.81970618,82170720,82200788)China National Clinical Research Centre Foundation(No.NCRC-2019-GP-02)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission of China(No.KJZDM201900401)Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(China)(No.2023GGXM001)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2705101).
文摘Dissecting the genetic components that contribute to the two main subphenotypes of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS)using genome-wide association studies(GWAS)strategy is important for understanding the disease.We conducted a multicenter cohort study(360 patients and 1835 controls)combined with a GWAS strategy to identify susceptibility var-iants associated with the following two subphenotypes of ssNS:steroid-sensitive nephrotic syn-drome without relapse(SSNswR,181 patients)and steroid-dependent/frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome(SDNS/FRNS,179 patients).The distribution of two single-nucleotide poly-morphisms(SNPs)in ANKRD36 and ALPG was significant between SSNSWR and healthy controls,and that of two SNPs in GAD1 and HLA-DQA1 was significant between SDNS/FRNS and healthy controls.Interestingly,rs1047989 in HLA-DQA1 was a candidate locus for SDNS/FRNS but not for SSNSWR.No significant SNPs were observed between SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS.Meanwhile,chromosome 2:171713702 in GAD1 was associated with a greater steroid dose(>0.75 mg/kg/d)upon relapse to first remission in patients with SDNS/FRNS(odds ratio=3.14;95%confidence interval,0.97-9.87;P=0.034).rs117014418 in APOL4 was significantly associated with a decrease in eGFR of greater than 20%compared with the baseline in SDNS/FRNS patients(P=0.0001).Protein-protein intersection network construction suggested that HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 function together through GSDMA.Thus,SSNSWR belongs to non-HLA region-dependent nephropathy,and the HLA-DQA/DQB region is likely strongly associated with dis-ease relapse,especially in SDNS/FRNS.The study provides a novel approach for the GWAS strategy of SsNS and contributes to our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SSNSWRandSDNS/FRNS.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0713804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272811)+2 种基金Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program(BE2023654)Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Key Research and Development Program,Special Fund of Health Science and Technology Development of Nanjing(YKK20080)Fundings for Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University(2023-LCYJ-PY-29).
文摘Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)in patients with first-line mPC(NCT05493995).The primary endpoints included the objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR),while secondary endpoints encompassed progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.In 66 patients analysed for efficacy,the best response,indicated by the ORR,was recorded at 50.0%(33/66)(95%CI,37.4–62.6%),with 33 patients achieving partial response(PR).Notably,the DCR was 95.5%(63/66,95%CI,87.3–99.1%).The median PFS(mPFS)and OS(mOS)were 8.8(95%CI,8.1–11.6),and 13.7(95%CI,12.4 to not reached)months,respectively.Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were reported in 39.4%of patients(26/66).In prespecified exploratory analysis,patients with altered SWI/SNF complex had a poorer PFS.Additionally,low serum CA724 level,high T-cell recruitment,low Th17 cell recruitment,and high NK CD56dim cell scores at baseline were potential predicative biomarkers for more favourable efficacy.In conclusion,PAAG as a first-line therapy demonstrated tolerability with promising clinical efficacy for mPC.The biomolecular findings identified in this study possess the potential to guide the precise clinical application of the triple-combo regimen.
基金supported by the National Waterfowl-Industry Technology Research System(CARS-42)National Nature Science Foundation of China(31972525,31572388)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z181100002418008)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020222003).
文摘Background:A considerable number of muscle development-related genes were differentially expressed in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.However,the functions of them in adipocyte differentiation remain largely known.In this study,the myoblast determination protein 1(MYOD1)was selected as a representative of muscle development.We investigated its expression,function,and regulation in avian adipocyte differentiation.Results:The expression of MYOD1 decreased significantly in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.CRIS PR/Cas9-mediated deletion of MYOD1 induced adipocyte differentiation,whereas over-expression of MYOD1 inhibited adipogenesis.The mRNA-seq data showed that MYOD1 could perturb the lipid biosynthetic process during differentiation.Our results showed that MYOD1 directly up-regulates the miR-206 expression by binding the upstream 1200 bp region of miR-206.Then,over-expression of miR-206 can inhibit the adipogenesis.Furthermore,MYOD1 affected the expression of endogenous miR-206 and its target gene Kruppel-like factor 4(KLF4),which is an important activator of adipogenesis.Accordingly,the inhibition of miR-206 or over-expression of KLF4 could counteract the inhibitory effect of MYOD1 on adipocyte differentiation.Conclusions:Our results establish that MYOD1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation by up-regulating miR-206 to suppress the KLF4 expression.These findings identify a novel function of MYOD1 in adipocyte differentiation,suggesting a potential role in body-fat distribution regulation.
基金Supported by Research Project of Jingmen Science and Technology Bureau(YDKY2017008)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted on tissue-culture rapid propagation techniques of Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. et Krause. [Methods] With lateral buds of S. kochii as explants, the effects of such four basic media as MS, B5, Nitsch and Wpm and the ratio of two hormones(1, 2, 3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/L NAA) on bud proliferation of S. kochii were studied by the complete test method, and the effect of the ratio of the two hormones(0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5 mg/L IBA) on rooting of S. kochii as well as the effect of substrate ratio(perlite and peat soil at 1∶9, 2∶8, 3∶7, 4∶6 and 5∶5) on its transplanting survival rate were also studied. [Results] The best basic medium for the rapid propagation of S. kochii was MS. The best hormone ratio suitable for bud proliferation was 2 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA, and the average number of buds proliferated at 45 d was 3.04. The average bud height was 2.05 cm; the most suitable medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+1 mg/L IBA+0.25 mg/L NAA, and its rooting rate was 100%; and the best transplanting substrate was 5∶5 perlite and peat. The soil ratio had a survival rate of 94%. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the transplanting survival rate of test-tube S. kochii plantlets.
基金This study was financially supported by the Blue Granary Project(2019YFD0900203)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘This study investigated the effects of replacing fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP)on growth,feed utilization and intestinal histology of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).The control diet contained 350 g/kg fishmeal,and then dietary fishmeal was decreased to 300 g/kg,250 g/kg,200 g/kg,150 g/kg and 100 g/kg by CAP inclusion,respectively(FM-30,FM-25,FM-20,FM-15,FM-10).The largemouth bass(110.0±1.0 g)were fed one of the six diets for 8 weeks.The groups of FM-30,FM-25 and FM-20 showed the similar weight gain(WG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)to the control(P>0.05),while the WG of FM-10 group was decreased by 15.9%,and FCR increased by 0.12 when compared to the control(P<0.05).FM-15 and FM-10 groups had lower protein retention,lower villus height in intestine and higher serum malondialdehyde content than the control(P<0.05).The protease activity in FM-20,FM-15 and FM-10 groups was lower than that in the control(P<0.05),but no difference was observed in crude protein digestibility among groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,CAP could replace 150 g/kg fishmeal in diet(350 g/kg fishmeal)without adverse effects on growth,feed utilization and intestinal histology of largemouth bass.
基金The Open Project of the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKL-CUSAb-2013-03)。
文摘Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred lines of sweet corn that were selected for their differences in pericarp tenderness.The three lines presented a curvilinear increase in pericarp tenderness(puncture reading)from 12 to 24 d after pollination(DAP)across two environments,with the means at each time point always in the same order:S33205>T105>PE10.Pericarp tenderness difference at each same time point in two environments over time varied similarly in each of the three inbred lines:increasing first,then dropping after peak,and insignificant at the end.Of the main pericarp components,mean contents were in the order:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin in both environments at each time point for the three inbred lines.As the pericarp developed,hemicellulose content increased gradually,lignin content varied along a single-peak curve,cellulose content fluctuated around 24%,and pectin and ash contents changed slightly and irregularly.The pericarp of PE10,with the most tender pericarp,accumulated hemicellulose faster than other two lines.Hemicellulose and lignin contents were significantly correlated with pericarp tenderness,and the main components affected pericarp tenderness.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81800580)Wuhan Federation of Social Sciences(No.WHSKL2020140)the Sichuan Medical Law Research Center(No.YF20-Y05)。
文摘Pre-donation evaluation of organ donors is important.Organ quality directly affects both short-and long-term survival rates of transplanted organs and recipients after transplantation.Contraindications to donation are directly related to recipient survival and medical ethics.The following information is included in this organ donation case report:detailed medical history(primary disease and surgical history),blood type,infectious diseases,coagulation function,biochemical function,tumor biomarker,indicators related to tuberculosis infection,microbial culture indicators,lung computed tomography(CT)scan,and abdominal ultrasound(heart,liver,gallbladder,pancreas,spleen,kidneys,ureters,bladder,adnexa).We found a 10 cm×10 cm space-occupying lesion in the abdominal cavity in this donor organ retrieval surgery.Frozen or paraffin sections showed that the space-occupying lesion was malignant.The organ donor was not suitable due to the malignant tumor,and the transplantation surgery was canceled.We analyzed this case of organ donation to provide a reference for the follow-up donation evaluation process.This case study reveals the limitations of preoperative non-invasive assessment,the necessity of preoperative multi-dimensional assessment of organ function,and the exclusion of donation contraindications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274405)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB44000000)primarily supported by the Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials:an NSF MRSEC under Cooperative Agreement No.DMR1720595。
文摘Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI)is the key ingredient of chiral spintronic phenomena and the emerging technologies based on such phenomena.A nonzero DMI usually occurs at magnetic interfaces or within non-centrosymmetric single crystals.Here,we report the observation of a strong unexpected DMI within a centrosymmetric polycrystalline ferromagnet that has neither a crystal inversion symmetry breaking nor a composition gradient.This DMI is a bulk effect,increases with the thickness of the magnetic layer,and is insensitive to the symmetry of the interfaces or the neighboring materials.We observe a total DMI strength that is a factor of>2 greater than the highest interfacial DMI in the literature.This DMI most likely arises from the strong spin-orbit coupling,strong orbital hybrization,and a“hidden”long-range asymmetry in the material.Our discovery of the strong unconventional bulk DMI in centrosymmetric,composition-uniform magnetic single layers provides fundamental building blocks for the emerging field of spintronics and will stimulate the exploitation of unconventional spin-orbit phenomena in a wide range of materials.
基金Research and Supporting Platform of Efficient Aquaculture(A1-3201-19-3003).
文摘The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supplementation of monocalcium phosphate(MCP)of 0,5,10,15,20 and 25 g/kg in basal diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal,respectively.The digestible phosphorus of the six diets was measured as 5.7,6.7,7.8,8.7,9.3 and 10.0 g/kg,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish(initial body weight,16.0±0.2 g)for 60 days.The results showed that weight gain increased,and feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of dietary phosphorus.When dietary MCP exceeded 15 g/kg(digestible phosphorus of 8.7 g/kg),the WG and FCR were maintained at the similar values.The crude ash,phosphorus and calcium contents in whole body,apparent digestibility of phosphorus and protein retention also increased with the increasing phosphorus level in diets.Vertebrae phosphorus and calcium levels and plasma phosphorus showed no further increase when dietary MCP reached 20,20 and 10 g/kg with digestible phosphorus of 9.3,9.3 and 7.8 g/kg,respectively.Broken-line analysis indicated that the digestible phosphorus requirement for largemouth bass were 8.9,8.7 and 9.6 g/kg based on weight gain,feed conversion ratio and vertebral phosphorus content.In conclusion,the supplementation of MCP in a diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal improved the growth and feed utilization of largemouth bass,and the digestible phosphorus requirement was suggested to be 8.7–8.9 g/kg with MCP supplementation of 15.0–15.8 g/kg.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51479196,51179192,51139007)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET)(Grant No.NETC-10-0784).
文摘Lattice Boltzmannmodel(LBM)in conjunction with an accurate Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technology was proposed to simulate various vortical structures and their evolutions in open pump intakes.The strain rate tensor in the LES model is locally calculated by means of non-equilibrium moments based on Chapman-Enskog expansion,and bounce-back scheme was used for non-slip condition on solid walls and reflection scheme for free surface.The presentedmodel was applied to investigate free-surface and wall-attached vortices for different water levels and flow rate.The vortex position,shapes and vorticities were predicted successfully under three flowing cases(i.e.critical water level(CWL),lower water level,lower flow rate),and the numerical velocity and streamline distribution were analyzed systematically.For CWL based on Froude number considering open channel flows,the shape and the location of various dynamic vortices were captured.Compare to the experimental results of CWL,more vortices were predicted for lower water level,and less vortices were observed for lower flow rate.The predicted velocities and vortex locations are in good agreement with the experimental of a small physical model.The comparisons demonstrated the feasibility and stability of above-mentioned model and numerical method in predicting vortex flows inside open pump intakes.
基金This cohort study is funded by the China National Natural Science Foundation(No.81970618)China National Clinical Research Centre Foundation(No.NCRC-2019-GP-02)+2 种基金Chongqing Science and Technology Commission project(No.cstc2016jcyjA0440)Chongqing Science and Technology plan project of Yuzhong District(No.2017045),Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(No.KJZD-M201900401)the central government directs special funds for local science and technology development.
文摘Understanding the association between the genetic and clinical phenotypes in children with nephrotic syndrome(NS)of different etiologies is critical for early clinical guidance.We employed whole-exome sequencing(WES)to detect monogenic causes of NS in a multicenter cohort of 637 patients.In this study,a genetic cause was identified in 30.0%of the idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS)patients.Other than congenital nephrotic syndrome(CNS),there were no significant differences in the incidence of monogenic diseases based on the age at manifestation.Causative mutations were detected in 39.5%of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)and 9.2%of those with minimal change disease(MCD).In terms of the patterns in patients with different types of steroid resistance,a single gene mutation was identified in 34.8%of patients with primary resistance,2.9%with secondary resistance,and 71.4%of children with multidrug resistance.Among the various intensified immunosuppressive therapies,tacrolimus(TAC)showed the highest response rate,with 49.7%of idiopathic SRNS patients achieving complete remission.Idiopathic SRNS patients with monogenic disease showed a similar multidrug resistance pattern,and only 31.4%of patients with monogenic disease achieved a partial remission on TAC.During an average 4.1-year follow-up,21.4%of idiopathic SRNS patients with monogenic disease progressed to end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Collectively,this study provides evidence that genetic testing is necessary for presumed steroid-resistant and idiopathic SRNS patients,especially those with primary and/or multidrug resistance.
基金Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province,China(no.182102310440)Medical Science R&D Program of Henan Province,China(no.2018020598)International Research Laboratory Program of Henan Province,China(no.201605-005).
文摘Importance:Dexmedetomidine inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)and protects neural function.However,the mechanism of dexmedetomidine’s anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear.Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive level and expression of inflammatory factors in children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB.Methods:Ninety children with congenital heart disease were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 children in each.In Group 1,a 1.0μg·kg-1·h-1 intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia,followed by a 0.2μg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision.In Group 2,a 0.5μg/kg intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia,followed by a 0.1μg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision.The control group was given physiological saline using the same method as in Groups 1 and 2.The serum levels of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),S-100βprotein,neuron-specific enolase(NSE),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured before the surgery(T1),at the end of CPB(T2),2 hours after CPB(T3),6 hours after CPB(T4),and 24 hours after CPB(T5).The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children(WISC)was measured before the operation and at 3,6,and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the neurodevelopmental state of the children.Results:The levels of the NF-κB,S-100βprotein,NSE,TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly higher at T2,T3,or T4 than before the surgery(T1)in the control group or the dexmedetomidine groups.However,the increases of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,S-100βand NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group(P<0.017).The WISC scores were similar among the three groups before or after the operation.Interpretation:The increases in NF-κB,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels indicated aggravation of the inflammatory reaction and the increase S-100βprotein and NSE levels indicated that the nervous system was damaged.Administration of dexmedetomidine to children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB can inhibit the inflammatory response and may ameliorate the neurodevelopmental damage caused by CPB.
基金This work was supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS[NO.2018HY-XKQ02-08]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.31772858]+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of the Shanghai Municipality[No.13ZR1419600]the Hydrobiological Project of Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline[NO.S30701].
文摘Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)is an important transcription factor in the regulation of redox homeostasis,which plays a vital role in metabolism,the cell cycle,and cell protection.In this study,the complete cDNA sequence of Nrf2 gene of grass carp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR),and the characteristics of Nrf2 proteins predicted from gene sequencing were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Tissue differential expression patterns were also detected by Real-time Fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Then,Eucommia ulmoides(EU),a traditional Chinese medicine,was added into diet with an inclusion of 2%to feed grass carp for 3 months to investigate the effects on the expression of Nrf2 gene in tissues.The results showed that the full-length of Nrf2 gene of grass carp is 2760 bp,encoding 593 amino acids,and the predicted Nrf2 protein is a hydrophilic and non-secretory protein.Grass carp Nrf2 gene showed higher expression in kidney,gill,liver,spleen,and blood tissues than in other tissues.In the feeding trial,dietary EU significantly promoted the Nrf2 mRNA expression in kidney,gill,and liver tissues after three months feeding.The results suggest that Nrf2 plays an important role in the anti-oxidative capacity of grass carp and its expression is enhanced by dietary EU.
基金This work was financially supported by the Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform,Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center(ZF1206).
文摘Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of positively buoyant dietary materials on growth,intestinal health,and fecal properties of tilapia.In trial 1,ten diets containing 0(control)1%,2%or 3%cork,expanded and vitrified microball or expanded vermiculilite fine particles(250e450 mm)were fed to tilapia fry(5.0±0.1 g)for 30 days to evaluate the effects on the growth and feeding efficiencies.In trial 2,the three buoyant materials with coarse particles(450e830 mm)were included in diets at 0(control),3%,4%or 5%supplementation levels to feed tilapia juveniles(55.0±1.0 g),and the growth,feed efficiencies,evacuation velocity,fecal floatability and intestinal histology were examined after 21 days feeding.In trial 1,the weight gain(WG)of the fish significantly decreased with the supplementation of 2%,3%cork,3%microball or 3%vermiculite(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)was significantly increased by 3%cork and 3%vermiculite(P<0.05)when compared to the control.In trial 2,cork-fed groups were observed to have more floating feces than microball-and vermiculite-fed groups.Dietary cork significantly decreased the sinking velocity of diets and feces(P<.05),but microball only decreased the sinking velocity of diets,and vermiculite(4%,5%)decreased the sinking velocity of feces(P<0.05).All buoyant materials supplemented groups showed lower WG and higher FCR than the control(P<.05).The intestine evacuation velocity and villus height,crypt depth,muscle thickness of intestinal walls were decreased by the increasing buoyant materials in diets,and 5%microball group showed the lowest values among all groups.In conclusion,dietary cork,microball and vermiculite(3%e5%)negatively affect the growth performance and intestinal histology of tilapia,and diets with cork supplementation could decrease the density of feed and feces to produce floating feces.
文摘eLight,1,6(2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s43593-021-00006-8 Excitons-charge-neutral quasiparticles comprised of bound electron hole pairs-can be formed within a wide range of semiconductors,including monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs).The ongoing development towards practical excitonic devices necessitates a fundamental understanding of exciton transport in TMDs.
