Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where ...Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where is a well-defined phase boundary between Sn and Bi,have been prepared by a two-step process for the first time.The phase boundary not only provides additional and fast transportation for Na+,but also mitigates the structure stress/strain upon cycling.Therefore,Sn-Bi@C exhibits a high capacity(472.1 m A h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 200 cycles),an ultra-long cyclic life(355.6 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)for 4500cycles)and an excellent rate performance(372 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))for sodium storage,much higher than those of Sn@C,Bi@C,and Sn@C+Bi@C.Notably,the full cells of Sn-Bi@C//Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/rGO(SnBi@C//NVP/rGO)demonstrate impressive performance(323 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 300 cycles).The underlying mechanism for such an excellent performance is elucidated by in-situ X-ray diffraction,exsitu scanning electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy,revealing the good electrode stability and improved mechanical properties of Sn-Bi@C.The synthetic method is extended to dimer-like Sn-Pb@C and Sn-Ag@C heterostructures,which also exhibit the good cycle stability for sodium storage.展开更多
The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolut...The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research.However,even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions,a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made.In this study,we created a new whole-brain map,the Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),based on the anatomical connectivity profiles provided by high angular and spatial resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI data.The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and functional connections.The parcellation and the diffusion-based tractography were evaluated with invasive neuronal-tracing and Nissl-stained images.As a demonstrative application,the structural connectivity divergence between macaque and human brains was mapped using the Brainnetome atlases of those two species to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the evolutionary changes in brain structure.The resulting resource includes:(1)the thoroughly delineated Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),(2)regional connectivity profiles,(3)the postmortem high-resolution macaque diffusion and T2-weighted MRI dataset(Brainnetome-8),and(4)multi-contrast MRI,neuronal-tracing,and histological images collected from a single macaque.MacBNA can serve as a common reference frame for mapping multifaceted features across modalities and spatial scales and for integrative investigation and characterization of brain organization and function.Therefore,it will enrich the collaborative resource platform for nonhuman primates and facilitate translational and comparative neuroscience research.展开更多
Surface acoustic wave(SAW)gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas detection.However,establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of ...Surface acoustic wave(SAW)gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas detection.However,establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of SAW gas sensors remains a challenge.Here,we present a coupling of modes(COM)model that includes the acoustoelectric effect and specifically explains the nonmonotonic variation in the center frequency with respect to the sensing film’s sheet conductivity.Several sensing parameters of the gas sensors,including the center frequency,insertion loss,and phase,were experimentally compared for accuracy and practicality.Finally,the frequency of the phase extremum(FPE)shift was determined to vary monotonically,and the range of selectable test points was wide,making the FPE an appropriate response parameter for leveraging in SAW gas sensors.The simulation results of the COM model were highly consistent with the experimental results.Our study is proposed to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of gas SAW sensors.展开更多
Sn-based composites are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities and suitable operation voltages.However,they suffer the huge volume cha...Sn-based composites are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities and suitable operation voltages.However,they suffer the huge volume change and unstable electrolyte/electrode interface during sodiation/desodiation,which causes structure collapse and serious capacity loss.In the past few years,great efforts have been made to ameliorate the performances of Sn by rationally designing electrode structures/components or optimizing electrolyte composition.Here,the underlying sodium-storage reactions in Sn are summarized based on the results from theoretical calculations and advanced characterizations.Then,the recent progresses of Sn-based composites,i.e.,Sn-based alloys,Sn/C composites,and Sn oxides/sulfides,with various structures for SIBs are discussed in details.After that,how the electrolyte affects solid-electrolyte interphase and the electrochemical performances is shown.Finally,the future directions for the applications of Sn-based composites in SIBs are suggested.Hence,this review provides a comprehensive scenario about the applications of Sn-based composites in SIBs.It will benefit the future development of alloy-type anodes in SIBs.展开更多
基金the financial support from Outstanding Youth Scholarship in Shandong University and the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MB109)。
文摘Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where is a well-defined phase boundary between Sn and Bi,have been prepared by a two-step process for the first time.The phase boundary not only provides additional and fast transportation for Na+,but also mitigates the structure stress/strain upon cycling.Therefore,Sn-Bi@C exhibits a high capacity(472.1 m A h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 200 cycles),an ultra-long cyclic life(355.6 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)for 4500cycles)and an excellent rate performance(372 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))for sodium storage,much higher than those of Sn@C,Bi@C,and Sn@C+Bi@C.Notably,the full cells of Sn-Bi@C//Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/rGO(SnBi@C//NVP/rGO)demonstrate impressive performance(323 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 300 cycles).The underlying mechanism for such an excellent performance is elucidated by in-situ X-ray diffraction,exsitu scanning electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy,revealing the good electrode stability and improved mechanical properties of Sn-Bi@C.The synthetic method is extended to dimer-like Sn-Pb@C and Sn-Ag@C heterostructures,which also exhibit the good cycle stability for sodium storage.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Project(2021ZD0200200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62327805,82151307,82072099,82202253)。
文摘The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research.However,even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions,a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made.In this study,we created a new whole-brain map,the Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),based on the anatomical connectivity profiles provided by high angular and spatial resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI data.The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and functional connections.The parcellation and the diffusion-based tractography were evaluated with invasive neuronal-tracing and Nissl-stained images.As a demonstrative application,the structural connectivity divergence between macaque and human brains was mapped using the Brainnetome atlases of those two species to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the evolutionary changes in brain structure.The resulting resource includes:(1)the thoroughly delineated Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),(2)regional connectivity profiles,(3)the postmortem high-resolution macaque diffusion and T2-weighted MRI dataset(Brainnetome-8),and(4)multi-contrast MRI,neuronal-tracing,and histological images collected from a single macaque.MacBNA can serve as a common reference frame for mapping multifaceted features across modalities and spatial scales and for integrative investigation and characterization of brain organization and function.Therefore,it will enrich the collaborative resource platform for nonhuman primates and facilitate translational and comparative neuroscience research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204603)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.GJHZ20210705142539009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874169).
文摘Surface acoustic wave(SAW)gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas detection.However,establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of SAW gas sensors remains a challenge.Here,we present a coupling of modes(COM)model that includes the acoustoelectric effect and specifically explains the nonmonotonic variation in the center frequency with respect to the sensing film’s sheet conductivity.Several sensing parameters of the gas sensors,including the center frequency,insertion loss,and phase,were experimentally compared for accuracy and practicality.Finally,the frequency of the phase extremum(FPE)shift was determined to vary monotonically,and the range of selectable test points was wide,making the FPE an appropriate response parameter for leveraging in SAW gas sensors.The simulation results of the COM model were highly consistent with the experimental results.Our study is proposed to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of gas SAW sensors.
基金support from Taishan Scholarship in Shandong Provinces(No.15201511004)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20180305164424922)+2 种基金Z.B.acknowledges the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Young Innovative Talent Introduction and Cultivation Team[Performance enhancement of deep coal mining equipment]the Natural Science of Shanxi Province(201801D121281).N.W.acknowledgessupport from the Australian Research Council(ARC)(DE200101384&DP200100365).
文摘Sn-based composites are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities and suitable operation voltages.However,they suffer the huge volume change and unstable electrolyte/electrode interface during sodiation/desodiation,which causes structure collapse and serious capacity loss.In the past few years,great efforts have been made to ameliorate the performances of Sn by rationally designing electrode structures/components or optimizing electrolyte composition.Here,the underlying sodium-storage reactions in Sn are summarized based on the results from theoretical calculations and advanced characterizations.Then,the recent progresses of Sn-based composites,i.e.,Sn-based alloys,Sn/C composites,and Sn oxides/sulfides,with various structures for SIBs are discussed in details.After that,how the electrolyte affects solid-electrolyte interphase and the electrochemical performances is shown.Finally,the future directions for the applications of Sn-based composites in SIBs are suggested.Hence,this review provides a comprehensive scenario about the applications of Sn-based composites in SIBs.It will benefit the future development of alloy-type anodes in SIBs.
