Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury(DILI)may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy.However,little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenome...Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury(DILI)may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy.However,little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon.We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the dynamics and functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells(NPCs)in autoprotection against DILI,using acetaminophen(APAP)as a model drug.Autoprotection was modeled through pretreatment with a mildly hepatotoxic dose of APAP in mice,followed by a higher dose in a secondary challenge.NPC subsets and dynamic changes were identified in the APAP(hepatotoxicity-sensitive)and APAP-resistant(hepatotoxicity-resistant)groups.A chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2^(+)endothelial cell subset almost disappeared in the APAP-resistant group,and an R-spondin 3^(+)endothelial cell subset promoted hepatocyte proliferation and played an important role in APAP autoprotection.Moreover,the dendritic cell subset DC-3 may protect the liver from APAP hepatotoxicity by inducing low reactivity and suppressing the autoimmune response and occurrence of inflammation.DC-3 cells also promoted angiogenesis through crosstalk with endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor-associated ligand-receptor pairs and facilitated liver tissue repair in the APAP-resistant group.In addition,the natural killer cell subsets NK-3 and NK-4 and the Sca-1^(-)CD62L^(+)natural killer T cell subset may promote autoprotection through interferon-γ-dependent pathways.Furthermore,macrophage and neutrophil subpopulations with anti-inflammatory phenotypes promoted tolerance to APAP hepatotoxicity.Overall,this study reveals the dynamics of NPCs in the resistance to APAP hepatotoxicity and provides novel insights into the mechanism of autoprotection against DILI at a high resolution.展开更多
Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequenc...Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also characterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the transcriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.展开更多
Recently, the China haze becomes more and more serious, but it is very difficult to model and control it. Here, a data-driven model is introduced for the simulation and monitoring of China haze. First, a multi-dimensi...Recently, the China haze becomes more and more serious, but it is very difficult to model and control it. Here, a data-driven model is introduced for the simulation and monitoring of China haze. First, a multi-dimensional evaluation system is built to evaluate the government performance of China haze. Second, a data-driven model is employed to reveal the operation mechanism of China’s haze and is described as a multi input and multi output system. Third, a prototype system is set up to verify the proposed scheme, and the result provides us with a graphical tool to monitor different haze control strategies.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world;however,it lacks effective and safe treatments. Ginkgo biloba dropping pill(GBDP), a unique Chinese G. biloba leaf extract p...Parkinson's disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world;however,it lacks effective and safe treatments. Ginkgo biloba dropping pill(GBDP), a unique Chinese G. biloba leaf extract preparation, exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and has a potential as an alternative therapy for PD. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of GBDP in in vitro and in vivo PD models and to compare the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of GBDP and the G. biloba extract EGb 761. Using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, 46 GBDP constituents were identified. Principal component analysis identified differences in the chemical profiles of GBDP and EGb 761. A quantitative analysis of 12 constituents showed that GBDP had higher levels of several flavonoids and terpene trilactones than EGb 761, whereas EGb 761 had higher levels of organic acids.Moreover, we found that GBDP prevented 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in zebrafish and improved cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mice. Although similar effects were observed after EGb 761 treatment,the neuroprotective effects were greater after GBDP treatment on several endpoints. In addition, in vitro results suggested that the Akt/GSK3β pathway may be involved in the neuroprotective effects of GBDP.These findings demonstrated that GBDP have potential neuroprotective effects in the treatment of PD.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety and the clinical value of primary suture following 3-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From January 2012 to September 2014, 176 patients...Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety and the clinical value of primary suture following 3-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From January 2012 to September 2014, 176 patients suffered from choledocholithiasis were treated with primary suture following 3-port LCBDE and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All cases were operated successfully and none was converted to open surgery. The duration of operation was 92.2 ± 18.8 min and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.4 ± 3.7 d. Postoperative bile leakage occurred in 2 cases and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3 to 7 days without re-operation. All patients recovered smoothly without any serious complications. Conclusions: Primary suture following 3-port LCBDE is safe, effective and mini-invasive, which is worthy of further clinical application.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of Ganjiang granule(GG)on cecal microflora and serum biochemical components in rats with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBSeC).Methods:Twenty-four SpragueeDawley...Objective:To investigate the effects of Ganjiang granule(GG)on cecal microflora and serum biochemical components in rats with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBSeC).Methods:Twenty-four SpragueeDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,model,GG,and probiotics.Rats in the model,GG,and probiotics groups received 3℃ tap water intragastrically;rats in the GG group were treated with GG;rats in the probiotics group were treated with probiotics.For all rats,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetry were used to assess serum biochemical components related to gastrointestinal function;16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the cecal microflora.Results:The serum level of 5-hydroxytryptamine(HT)was higher in the model group than in the control group(Z=-2.082,P=.037).The model group exhibited changes in cecal microflora:the relative abundances of Lactobacillus decreased(Z=-2.882,P=.004)and Dorea increased(t=-3.030,P=.023),compared with the control group.The GG and probiotics groups exhibited normal serum levels of 5-HT.The GG and probiotics groups exhibited improved serum levels of gastrin;the probiotics group exhibited an improved serum level of vasoactive intestinal peptide.Compared with the model group,The GG group exhibited greater relative abundance of Ruminococcus(Z=-2.402,P=.016);the probiotics group exhibited greater relative abundance of SMB53(Z=-2.823,P=.005)and lower relative abundances of Desulfovibrio(Z=-2.823,P=.005)and Facklamia(Z=-2.608,P=.009).Conclusion:The effects of GG on IBS-C may be related to regulation of the serum level of 5-HT,as well as elevated relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in cecal microflora.展开更多
With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been im...With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Qmarkers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Qmarkers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.展开更多
Internet video is a video service that can be uploaded on the Internet and played online. As online video post-production of the key aspects related to the editing work is often the final stage of artistic effects, th...Internet video is a video service that can be uploaded on the Internet and played online. As online video post-production of the key aspects related to the editing work is often the final stage of artistic effects, the acquisition of a certain amount of online video editing skills is important. It will make people relatively independent of the picture and sound that mixed together organically, and be more conducive to the recognition of formation system, the color of the web video and audio clips.展开更多
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. To improve the outcomes of patients undergoing a surgery, new adjuvant therapies that can effectively inhibit metastases have to be developed. Studies have sho...Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. To improve the outcomes of patients undergoing a surgery, new adjuvant therapies that can effectively inhibit metastases have to be developed. Studies have shown that flavonoid naringenin, a natural product that is mainly present in grapes and citrus, may contribute to cancer prevention. It has many advantages compared to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as low toxicity. To determine whether naringenin can also inhibit metastases, a breast cancer resection model that mimics clinical situations was established. We found that orally administered naringenin significantly decreased the number of metastatic tumor cells in the lung and extended the life span of tumor resected mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that T cells displayed enhanced antitumor activity in naringenin treated mice, with an increased proportion of IFN-γ and IL-2 expressing T cells. In vitro studies further demonstrated that relief of immunosuppression caused by regulatory T cells might be the fundamental mechanism of metastasis inhibition by naringenin. These results indicate that orally administered naringenin can inhibit the outgrowth of metastases after surgery via regulating host immunity. Thus, naringenin can be an ideal surgical adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients.展开更多
Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological processes.This study attempted to prese...Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological processes.This study attempted to present a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal variations of sediment yield in the Loess Plateau using continuous observed data at 46 hydrological stations during 1961-2016,and its responses to changes of precipitation,land use/cover and vegetation cover were analyzed by using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that sediment yield reduced pro-nouncedly during 1961-2016 in the Loess Plateau,and 77.9%of this variation was explained by the combined effects of precipitation,land-use change,vegetation dynamics and runoff reduction.Indirect effects of precipitation,land-use change,and vegetation cover on sediment yield were 0.242,-0.528 and-0.630(P<0.05),respectively,and direct effect of runoff on sediment yield was 0.833(P<0.05).According to the Pearson Correlation Coefficient,the strongest positive correlation existed between annual sediment yield and runoff(r=0.88,P<0.05),followed by vegetation cover(r=-0.47,P<0.05)and land-use change(i.e.forest land and grassland)suggesting their significant trapping effects on soil erosion.However,lower correlations were examined between sediment yield and precipitation indices(-0.14<r<0.34),and a relatively higher relationship was examined between sediment yield and heavy rainfall(P_(25))(r=034).Overall,changes in runoff and land-use/vegetation cover well explained varia-tions in sediment yield in the Loess Plateau.The findings are expected to provide scientific and technical support for future soil and water conservation planning in the Loess Plateau,and are valuable for sus-tainable water resources and sediment load management in the Yellow River Basin.展开更多
Qualification of polarization can be realized either on a macroscopic scale as an average property by P-E hysteresis measurements or on a nano/micro scale by piezoelectric force microscopy,transmission electron micros...Qualification of polarization can be realized either on a macroscopic scale as an average property by P-E hysteresis measurements or on a nano/micro scale by piezoelectric force microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and so on.However,visualization and qualification of polarization distribution in the micron to millimeter scale is still a challenge.Polarizing light microscopy(PLM)is often used in the study of ferroelectric domain structures mainly for domain patterns.A phe-nomenon called“chromatic polarization”has been observed in transparent ferroelectric crystals by using a crossed-PLM system viewed with white light,which contains rich information about local polariza-tion distribution.In this study,an automatic full-angle light intensity detection(AFALID)algorithm com-bined with colorimetry is developed to analyze the distribution of nonuniform local spontaneous polar-ization distribution in transparent ferroelectric single crystals.Temperature-dependent spontaneous po-larizations from the color analysis for PMN-0.36PT single crystals with single tetragonal domain state are in good coincidence with those extracted from temperature-dependent hysteresis loops and pyroelectric current measurements.We further apply this method to quantify the nonuniform domain distributions with nano-indentations.This non-contact and non-destructive characterization can provide fast and au-tomatic detection of polarization distributions in ferroelectric materials.展开更多
State-owned enterprises(SOEs)are important components of the Chinese economy.Although SOEs are generally considered inefficient in operations,China’s economy,which relies heavily on SOEs,has been highly successful ov...State-owned enterprises(SOEs)are important components of the Chinese economy.Although SOEs are generally considered inefficient in operations,China’s economy,which relies heavily on SOEs,has been highly successful over the last four decades.This indicates the importance of SOEs in China’s past and future economic success.Therefore,in this study,we review the literature on economic theories and 40 years of practice of Chinese SOEs and discuss implications for future research.Our review consists of four parts:the theories of SOEs and their reform,the performance and financing strategies of SOEs,corporate governance in SOEs,and corporate social responsibility in SOEs.展开更多
Background:Myopia is the most common visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide.This study described an economical and effective population-based screening pipeline and performed the project of a million ...Background:Myopia is the most common visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide.This study described an economical and effective population-based screening pipeline and performed the project of a million scale children and adolescents myopia survey(CAMS),which will shed light on the further study of myopia from the level of epidemiology and precision medicine.Methods:We developed a novel population-based screening pattern,an intelligent screening process and internetbased information transmission and analysis system to carry out the survey consisting of school children in Wenzhou,China.The examination items include unaided distance visual acuity,presenting distance visual acuity,and noncycloplegic autorefraction.Myopia and high myopia were defined as spherical equivalent(SE)≤−1.00 diopters(D)and SE≤−6.00 D,respectively.Next,the reports of the vision checking were automatically sent to parents and the related departments.The CAMS project will be done two to four times annually with the support of the government.An online eyesight status information management system(OESIMS)was developed to construct comprehensive and efficient electronic vision health records(EVHRs)for myopia information inquiry,risk pre-warning,and further study.Results:The CAMS completed the first-round of screening within 30 days for 99.41%of Wenzhou students from districts and counties,in June 2019.A total of 1,060,925 participants were eligible for CAMS and 1,054,251(99.37%participation rate)were selected through data quality control,which comprised 1305 schools,and 580,609,251,050 and 170,967 elementary,middle,and high school students.The mean age of participants was 12.21±3.32 years(6-20 years),the female-to-male ratio was 0.82.The prevalence of myopia in elementary,middle,and high school students was 38.16%,77.52%,and 84.00%,respectively,and the high myopia incidence was 0.95%,6.90%,and 12.98%.Conclusions:The CAMS standardized myopia screening model involves automating large-scale information collection,data transmission,data analysis and early warning,thereby supporting myopia prevention and control.The entire survey reduced 90%of staff,cost,and time consumption compared with previous surveys.This will provide new insights for decision support for public health intervention.展开更多
For multicellular organisms,cell-cell communication is essential to numerous biological processes.Drawing upon the latest development of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq),high-resolution transcriptomic data have d...For multicellular organisms,cell-cell communication is essential to numerous biological processes.Drawing upon the latest development of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq),high-resolution transcriptomic data have deepened our understanding of cellular phenotype heterogeneity and composition of complex tissues,which enables systematic cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell level.We first summarize a common workflow of cell-cell communication study using scRNA-seq data,which often includes data preparation,construction of communication networks,and result validation.Two common strategies taken to uncover cell-cell communications are reviewed,e.g.,physically vicinal structure-based and ligand-receptor interaction-based one.To conclude,challenges and current applications of cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell resolution are discussed in details and future perspectives are proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81870426)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:226-2023-00059),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury(DILI)may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy.However,little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon.We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the dynamics and functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells(NPCs)in autoprotection against DILI,using acetaminophen(APAP)as a model drug.Autoprotection was modeled through pretreatment with a mildly hepatotoxic dose of APAP in mice,followed by a higher dose in a secondary challenge.NPC subsets and dynamic changes were identified in the APAP(hepatotoxicity-sensitive)and APAP-resistant(hepatotoxicity-resistant)groups.A chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2^(+)endothelial cell subset almost disappeared in the APAP-resistant group,and an R-spondin 3^(+)endothelial cell subset promoted hepatocyte proliferation and played an important role in APAP autoprotection.Moreover,the dendritic cell subset DC-3 may protect the liver from APAP hepatotoxicity by inducing low reactivity and suppressing the autoimmune response and occurrence of inflammation.DC-3 cells also promoted angiogenesis through crosstalk with endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor-associated ligand-receptor pairs and facilitated liver tissue repair in the APAP-resistant group.In addition,the natural killer cell subsets NK-3 and NK-4 and the Sca-1^(-)CD62L^(+)natural killer T cell subset may promote autoprotection through interferon-γ-dependent pathways.Furthermore,macrophage and neutrophil subpopulations with anti-inflammatory phenotypes promoted tolerance to APAP hepatotoxicity.Overall,this study reveals the dynamics of NPCs in the resistance to APAP hepatotoxicity and provides novel insights into the mechanism of autoprotection against DILI at a high resolution.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81973701 and 81903767)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.:LZ20H290002).
文摘Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also characterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the transcriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.
文摘Recently, the China haze becomes more and more serious, but it is very difficult to model and control it. Here, a data-driven model is introduced for the simulation and monitoring of China haze. First, a multi-dimensional evaluation system is built to evaluate the government performance of China haze. Second, a data-driven model is employed to reveal the operation mechanism of China’s haze and is described as a multi input and multi output system. Third, a prototype system is set up to verify the proposed scheme, and the result provides us with a graphical tool to monitor different haze control strategies.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Project (Grant No. 2018ZX09201011)the Key Program from the SciTech Plan of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2018C03075)Hunter Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China) for technical support of the zebrafish experiments。
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world;however,it lacks effective and safe treatments. Ginkgo biloba dropping pill(GBDP), a unique Chinese G. biloba leaf extract preparation, exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and has a potential as an alternative therapy for PD. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of GBDP in in vitro and in vivo PD models and to compare the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of GBDP and the G. biloba extract EGb 761. Using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, 46 GBDP constituents were identified. Principal component analysis identified differences in the chemical profiles of GBDP and EGb 761. A quantitative analysis of 12 constituents showed that GBDP had higher levels of several flavonoids and terpene trilactones than EGb 761, whereas EGb 761 had higher levels of organic acids.Moreover, we found that GBDP prevented 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in zebrafish and improved cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mice. Although similar effects were observed after EGb 761 treatment,the neuroprotective effects were greater after GBDP treatment on several endpoints. In addition, in vitro results suggested that the Akt/GSK3β pathway may be involved in the neuroprotective effects of GBDP.These findings demonstrated that GBDP have potential neuroprotective effects in the treatment of PD.
文摘Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety and the clinical value of primary suture following 3-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From January 2012 to September 2014, 176 patients suffered from choledocholithiasis were treated with primary suture following 3-port LCBDE and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All cases were operated successfully and none was converted to open surgery. The duration of operation was 92.2 ± 18.8 min and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.4 ± 3.7 d. Postoperative bile leakage occurred in 2 cases and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3 to 7 days without re-operation. All patients recovered smoothly without any serious complications. Conclusions: Primary suture following 3-port LCBDE is safe, effective and mini-invasive, which is worthy of further clinical application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473553,81573880 and 81873211).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Ganjiang granule(GG)on cecal microflora and serum biochemical components in rats with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBSeC).Methods:Twenty-four SpragueeDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,model,GG,and probiotics.Rats in the model,GG,and probiotics groups received 3℃ tap water intragastrically;rats in the GG group were treated with GG;rats in the probiotics group were treated with probiotics.For all rats,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetry were used to assess serum biochemical components related to gastrointestinal function;16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the cecal microflora.Results:The serum level of 5-hydroxytryptamine(HT)was higher in the model group than in the control group(Z=-2.082,P=.037).The model group exhibited changes in cecal microflora:the relative abundances of Lactobacillus decreased(Z=-2.882,P=.004)and Dorea increased(t=-3.030,P=.023),compared with the control group.The GG and probiotics groups exhibited normal serum levels of 5-HT.The GG and probiotics groups exhibited improved serum levels of gastrin;the probiotics group exhibited an improved serum level of vasoactive intestinal peptide.Compared with the model group,The GG group exhibited greater relative abundance of Ruminococcus(Z=-2.402,P=.016);the probiotics group exhibited greater relative abundance of SMB53(Z=-2.823,P=.005)and lower relative abundances of Desulfovibrio(Z=-2.823,P=.005)and Facklamia(Z=-2.608,P=.009).Conclusion:The effects of GG on IBS-C may be related to regulation of the serum level of 5-HT,as well as elevated relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in cecal microflora.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81973701)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202002)Westlake Laboratory(Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine).
文摘With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Qmarkers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Qmarkers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.
文摘Internet video is a video service that can be uploaded on the Internet and played online. As online video post-production of the key aspects related to the editing work is often the final stage of artistic effects, the acquisition of a certain amount of online video editing skills is important. It will make people relatively independent of the picture and sound that mixed together organically, and be more conducive to the recognition of formation system, the color of the web video and audio clips.
基金supported by The State Key Development Plan Project(Grant No.2011CB707705).
文摘Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. To improve the outcomes of patients undergoing a surgery, new adjuvant therapies that can effectively inhibit metastases have to be developed. Studies have shown that flavonoid naringenin, a natural product that is mainly present in grapes and citrus, may contribute to cancer prevention. It has many advantages compared to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as low toxicity. To determine whether naringenin can also inhibit metastases, a breast cancer resection model that mimics clinical situations was established. We found that orally administered naringenin significantly decreased the number of metastatic tumor cells in the lung and extended the life span of tumor resected mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that T cells displayed enhanced antitumor activity in naringenin treated mice, with an increased proportion of IFN-γ and IL-2 expressing T cells. In vitro studies further demonstrated that relief of immunosuppression caused by regulatory T cells might be the fundamental mechanism of metastasis inhibition by naringenin. These results indicate that orally administered naringenin can inhibit the outgrowth of metastases after surgery via regulating host immunity. Thus, naringenin can be an ideal surgical adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2243211,42177323,42077076,41671279).
文摘Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological processes.This study attempted to present a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal variations of sediment yield in the Loess Plateau using continuous observed data at 46 hydrological stations during 1961-2016,and its responses to changes of precipitation,land use/cover and vegetation cover were analyzed by using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that sediment yield reduced pro-nouncedly during 1961-2016 in the Loess Plateau,and 77.9%of this variation was explained by the combined effects of precipitation,land-use change,vegetation dynamics and runoff reduction.Indirect effects of precipitation,land-use change,and vegetation cover on sediment yield were 0.242,-0.528 and-0.630(P<0.05),respectively,and direct effect of runoff on sediment yield was 0.833(P<0.05).According to the Pearson Correlation Coefficient,the strongest positive correlation existed between annual sediment yield and runoff(r=0.88,P<0.05),followed by vegetation cover(r=-0.47,P<0.05)and land-use change(i.e.forest land and grassland)suggesting their significant trapping effects on soil erosion.However,lower correlations were examined between sediment yield and precipitation indices(-0.14<r<0.34),and a relatively higher relationship was examined between sediment yield and heavy rainfall(P_(25))(r=034).Overall,changes in runoff and land-use/vegetation cover well explained varia-tions in sediment yield in the Loess Plateau.The findings are expected to provide scientific and technical support for future soil and water conservation planning in the Loess Plateau,and are valuable for sus-tainable water resources and sediment load management in the Yellow River Basin.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0501001)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LH2020A006)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory for In-telligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education NJ2022002(No.INMD-2022M08).
文摘Qualification of polarization can be realized either on a macroscopic scale as an average property by P-E hysteresis measurements or on a nano/micro scale by piezoelectric force microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and so on.However,visualization and qualification of polarization distribution in the micron to millimeter scale is still a challenge.Polarizing light microscopy(PLM)is often used in the study of ferroelectric domain structures mainly for domain patterns.A phe-nomenon called“chromatic polarization”has been observed in transparent ferroelectric crystals by using a crossed-PLM system viewed with white light,which contains rich information about local polariza-tion distribution.In this study,an automatic full-angle light intensity detection(AFALID)algorithm com-bined with colorimetry is developed to analyze the distribution of nonuniform local spontaneous polar-ization distribution in transparent ferroelectric single crystals.Temperature-dependent spontaneous po-larizations from the color analysis for PMN-0.36PT single crystals with single tetragonal domain state are in good coincidence with those extracted from temperature-dependent hysteresis loops and pyroelectric current measurements.We further apply this method to quantify the nonuniform domain distributions with nano-indentations.This non-contact and non-destructive characterization can provide fast and au-tomatic detection of polarization distributions in ferroelectric materials.
基金financial support of the National Social Science Fund of China Key Research Project(No.17ZDA086):Research on Reforms and Innovations of Monitoring System in State-Owned Enterprises.
文摘State-owned enterprises(SOEs)are important components of the Chinese economy.Although SOEs are generally considered inefficient in operations,China’s economy,which relies heavily on SOEs,has been highly successful over the last four decades.This indicates the importance of SOEs in China’s past and future economic success.Therefore,in this study,we review the literature on economic theories and 40 years of practice of Chinese SOEs and discuss implications for future research.Our review consists of four parts:the theories of SOEs and their reform,the performance and financing strategies of SOEs,corporate governance in SOEs,and corporate social responsibility in SOEs.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant Numbers 2020C03036 and 2021C03102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 31801098 and 81830027)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program for Active Health and Aging Response(Grant Number 2020YFC2008200)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Wen Zhou(Grant Number ZY2020013)the Internal Fund Project of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(Grant Numbers YJGG20181001 and KYQD20190101).
文摘Background:Myopia is the most common visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide.This study described an economical and effective population-based screening pipeline and performed the project of a million scale children and adolescents myopia survey(CAMS),which will shed light on the further study of myopia from the level of epidemiology and precision medicine.Methods:We developed a novel population-based screening pattern,an intelligent screening process and internetbased information transmission and analysis system to carry out the survey consisting of school children in Wenzhou,China.The examination items include unaided distance visual acuity,presenting distance visual acuity,and noncycloplegic autorefraction.Myopia and high myopia were defined as spherical equivalent(SE)≤−1.00 diopters(D)and SE≤−6.00 D,respectively.Next,the reports of the vision checking were automatically sent to parents and the related departments.The CAMS project will be done two to four times annually with the support of the government.An online eyesight status information management system(OESIMS)was developed to construct comprehensive and efficient electronic vision health records(EVHRs)for myopia information inquiry,risk pre-warning,and further study.Results:The CAMS completed the first-round of screening within 30 days for 99.41%of Wenzhou students from districts and counties,in June 2019.A total of 1,060,925 participants were eligible for CAMS and 1,054,251(99.37%participation rate)were selected through data quality control,which comprised 1305 schools,and 580,609,251,050 and 170,967 elementary,middle,and high school students.The mean age of participants was 12.21±3.32 years(6-20 years),the female-to-male ratio was 0.82.The prevalence of myopia in elementary,middle,and high school students was 38.16%,77.52%,and 84.00%,respectively,and the high myopia incidence was 0.95%,6.90%,and 12.98%.Conclusions:The CAMS standardized myopia screening model involves automating large-scale information collection,data transmission,data analysis and early warning,thereby supporting myopia prevention and control.The entire survey reduced 90%of staff,cost,and time consumption compared with previous surveys.This will provide new insights for decision support for public health intervention.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81774153 and 81973701)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20H290002)the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program(W02070098).
文摘For multicellular organisms,cell-cell communication is essential to numerous biological processes.Drawing upon the latest development of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq),high-resolution transcriptomic data have deepened our understanding of cellular phenotype heterogeneity and composition of complex tissues,which enables systematic cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell level.We first summarize a common workflow of cell-cell communication study using scRNA-seq data,which often includes data preparation,construction of communication networks,and result validation.Two common strategies taken to uncover cell-cell communications are reviewed,e.g.,physically vicinal structure-based and ligand-receptor interaction-based one.To conclude,challenges and current applications of cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell resolution are discussed in details and future perspectives are proposed.
