Background:This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task(DT)training was superior to single-task(ST)training in improving DT walking,balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s diseas...Background:This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task(DT)training was superior to single-task(ST)training in improving DT walking,balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:Literature search was performed in the following electronic databases:PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Metstr covering inception to May 10,2023.And in order to facilitate comparison across trials,we calculated the effect size(Hedges’g)of gait,balance,cognitive,and other parameters under both ST and DT conditions,using the mean change score and standard deviation(SD)of change score of the experimental and control groups.Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of DT motor and cognitive training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease were included for this systematic review.Results:A total of 214 participants recruited from six articles(actually five trials)were involved in this review.In terms of walking ability,only double support time and stride time variability showed significant between-group difference(Hedges’g=0.34,0.18,respectively).Compared to ST training group,DT training group had a more improvement effect in laboratory balance measurement(Hedges’g=0.18,1.25),but no significant improvement in clinical balance measurement.No significant between-group differences were observed,thus its training effect on cognitive function was inconclusive.Conclusions:The DT training failed to achieve promising results better than ST training in improving DT walking and balance functions for individuals with PD.Any firm conclusion cannot be drawn at present,due to the limited number of eligible publications.Larger sample size and high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of DT training in individuals with PD.展开更多
Despite the potential advantages of amorphism-induced supersaturation,the merit of new amorphiza-tion formation methods on the properties of the amorphous drug including the stability of the amor-phous state,dissoluti...Despite the potential advantages of amorphism-induced supersaturation,the merit of new amorphiza-tion formation methods on the properties of the amorphous drug including the stability of the amor-phous state,dissolution/solubility,supersaturation,and"spring-parachute"process is still poorly understood,particularly for certain amorphous supersaturating drug delivery systems(aSDDS).The present work aimed to explore the detailed merit of current attractive amorphization manufacturing methods(i.g.,hot-melt extrusion(HME)technique)on the property improvement of aSDDS in form of amorphous solid dispersion microparticles by employing a model Bcs II drug nitrendipine and a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based model polymer copovidone.Many asDDS systems were developed by various methods,and their physicochemical properties were characterized by SEM,PXRD and DSC.HME-triggered amorphization induced superior supersaturation by the observation of the highest dissolution and solubility.HME induced the optimal supersaturation duration by the observed greatest extension of"spring-parachute"process(e.g,maximum AUCspring-parachute).HME technique is comparable with other techniques for the stabilization of amorphous state during storage.All aSDDS systems by HME and other methods showed improved long-term stability of the amorphous state in comparison to the pure amorphous drug.Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy,Noyes-Whitney equation,nucleation theory and Gibbs free energy of transfer(△G)were used to analyze the underlying mechanisms.Mo-lecular mechanism studies indicated that HME caused a stronger crystallization inhibition effect in the asDDS systems than other methods,but molecular interaction is not a dominant mechanism for property enhancement caused by HME.For the mechanism associated with the polymer itself(PVPVA64),it could inhibit the drug recrystallization,solubilize the drug spontaneously and cause the improved molecular interactions in all aSDDS systems.This study provided a deep insight into detailed advantage of HME-triggered supersaturation/amorphization and facilitated the applications of the technique both in the field of particuology and in pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins.In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E(a-tocopherol),the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier.Here,we establish a new process for i...Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins.In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E(a-tocopherol),the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier.Here,we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene.To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production,Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain.First,b-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened,and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering.展开更多
Purpose:Through combing the 40 years’history of the development of Chinese educational policy research,this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy...Purpose:Through combing the 40 years’history of the development of Chinese educational policy research,this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy in China.Design/Approach/Methods:As one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of Chinese education policy,based on the academic publications,symposia,and thematic research,the author has found efforts in four directions in the field:proposals for policy-oriented research and research-oriented policy,disciplinization-based endeavors,empirical research on theory-guided educational policy,and guidance on major educational policy research topics and a think tank for educational policy decisions.Findings:This article argues that there is now a correspondence among the ideas,themes,forms,and frameworks of the educational reform promulgated by the government in recent years that have appeared in educational policy research,but there is no clear demarcation of what makes an educational policy researcher;no stable academic community has been formed that might strive together toward the foundation of a disciplinary paradigm,the rational organization of academic ideas,and the establishment and handing over of a theoretical framework to a succeeding generation.Originality/Value:This article takes a step back to claim that a paradigm for Chinese educational policy research is still nascent in the arduous process of formulation.展开更多
基金Kunming Health Science and Technology Talent Training Project,Training Plan for Medical Science and Technology Discipline Leaders(No.2022-SW[Leaders]-27)
文摘Background:This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task(DT)training was superior to single-task(ST)training in improving DT walking,balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:Literature search was performed in the following electronic databases:PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Metstr covering inception to May 10,2023.And in order to facilitate comparison across trials,we calculated the effect size(Hedges’g)of gait,balance,cognitive,and other parameters under both ST and DT conditions,using the mean change score and standard deviation(SD)of change score of the experimental and control groups.Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of DT motor and cognitive training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease were included for this systematic review.Results:A total of 214 participants recruited from six articles(actually five trials)were involved in this review.In terms of walking ability,only double support time and stride time variability showed significant between-group difference(Hedges’g=0.34,0.18,respectively).Compared to ST training group,DT training group had a more improvement effect in laboratory balance measurement(Hedges’g=0.18,1.25),but no significant improvement in clinical balance measurement.No significant between-group differences were observed,thus its training effect on cognitive function was inconclusive.Conclusions:The DT training failed to achieve promising results better than ST training in improving DT walking and balance functions for individuals with PD.Any firm conclusion cannot be drawn at present,due to the limited number of eligible publications.Larger sample size and high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of DT training in individuals with PD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation China(52073121)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202102010117)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(21622406)the Project Team of Foshan National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Industrialization Entrepreneurial Teams Program(2220197000129).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172593 and 82204729)Science and Technology Development Program of Jjilin Province of China(No.20210101430JC,YDZJ202201ZYTS234 and YDZJ202201ZYTS223)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M571373)Science and Technology Development Program of jilin City in Jjilin Province of China(No.20200104067,201831739 and 201464053)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Jilin Province of China(No.JJKH20191072KJ and 2015-401)Doctoral Research Startup Fund Project of Jilin Medical University(No.JYBS2021002LK)the College Students'Innovation Project of Jilin Province(No.202013706026).
文摘Despite the potential advantages of amorphism-induced supersaturation,the merit of new amorphiza-tion formation methods on the properties of the amorphous drug including the stability of the amor-phous state,dissolution/solubility,supersaturation,and"spring-parachute"process is still poorly understood,particularly for certain amorphous supersaturating drug delivery systems(aSDDS).The present work aimed to explore the detailed merit of current attractive amorphization manufacturing methods(i.g.,hot-melt extrusion(HME)technique)on the property improvement of aSDDS in form of amorphous solid dispersion microparticles by employing a model Bcs II drug nitrendipine and a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based model polymer copovidone.Many asDDS systems were developed by various methods,and their physicochemical properties were characterized by SEM,PXRD and DSC.HME-triggered amorphization induced superior supersaturation by the observation of the highest dissolution and solubility.HME induced the optimal supersaturation duration by the observed greatest extension of"spring-parachute"process(e.g,maximum AUCspring-parachute).HME technique is comparable with other techniques for the stabilization of amorphous state during storage.All aSDDS systems by HME and other methods showed improved long-term stability of the amorphous state in comparison to the pure amorphous drug.Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy,Noyes-Whitney equation,nucleation theory and Gibbs free energy of transfer(△G)were used to analyze the underlying mechanisms.Mo-lecular mechanism studies indicated that HME caused a stronger crystallization inhibition effect in the asDDS systems than other methods,but molecular interaction is not a dominant mechanism for property enhancement caused by HME.For the mechanism associated with the polymer itself(PVPVA64),it could inhibit the drug recrystallization,solubilize the drug spontaneously and cause the improved molecular interactions in all aSDDS systems.This study provided a deep insight into detailed advantage of HME-triggered supersaturation/amorphization and facilitated the applications of the technique both in the field of particuology and in pharmaceutical industry.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0900400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670090).We also acknowledge Professor Zihe Liu fromthe Beijing University of Chemical Technology for kindly providing the pCas and KlURA3 plasmid.
文摘Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins.In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E(a-tocopherol),the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier.Here,we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene.To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production,Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain.First,b-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened,and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering.
文摘Purpose:Through combing the 40 years’history of the development of Chinese educational policy research,this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy in China.Design/Approach/Methods:As one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of Chinese education policy,based on the academic publications,symposia,and thematic research,the author has found efforts in four directions in the field:proposals for policy-oriented research and research-oriented policy,disciplinization-based endeavors,empirical research on theory-guided educational policy,and guidance on major educational policy research topics and a think tank for educational policy decisions.Findings:This article argues that there is now a correspondence among the ideas,themes,forms,and frameworks of the educational reform promulgated by the government in recent years that have appeared in educational policy research,but there is no clear demarcation of what makes an educational policy researcher;no stable academic community has been formed that might strive together toward the foundation of a disciplinary paradigm,the rational organization of academic ideas,and the establishment and handing over of a theoretical framework to a succeeding generation.Originality/Value:This article takes a step back to claim that a paradigm for Chinese educational policy research is still nascent in the arduous process of formulation.
