This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permit...This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale[1-km resolution in the innermost domain(d3)].Two ensembles of simulation(CTRL,NURB),each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes,were conducted using different land cover scenarios:(i)the real urban land cover,(ii)all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover.The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region,although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members.The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%,and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB.The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south,southeast,and east of Zhengzhou.Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer(PBL),which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas.As a result,the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe(equivalent potential temperature)air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>The quantum dots are the useful materials in microelectronics and biomedical research. However its toxicity has to be considered. We studied the effect of cell inhibition with Z...<strong>Objective: </strong>The quantum dots are the useful materials in microelectronics and biomedical research. However its toxicity has to be considered. We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core quantum dots and CdTe quantum dots modified with Thioglycolic acid or Cysteine functional group (TGA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe/ZnS, Cys-CdTe, Cys-CdTe/ZnS) on Caco-2 cell proliferation. <strong>Methods</strong>: We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core QDs and CdTe QDs modified with functional group on Caco-2 cell proliferation by MTT assay at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml and 6, 24, 48 h. <strong>Result:</strong> Our results showed that all QDs have inhibited cell proliferation and reached maximum 79.21%. The inhibition rate of Cys-modified QDs increased with the increase of concentration and reached maximum 66.72%. The inhibition rate of TGA-modified QDs increased with the increase of time. The ratios of Cys-modified to TGA-modified were less than 1 at all concentrations and three exposure times (P ≤ 0.01). The average ratios of Cys-CdTe/ZnS to Cys-CdTe reached 1.11 only for 48 h (P ≤ 0.05). The ratios of TGA-CdTe/ZnS to TGA-CdTe were closed to 1 at all concentrations and exposure times. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The regularity of QDs modified with functional group is that inhibition of TGA-modified higher than Cys-modified. Inhibition exhibited dose-dependent for Cys-modified while exhibited time-dependent for TGA-modified. The regularity of CdTe-QDs with ZnS or not is that the inhibition of Cys-CdTe/ZnS was higher than Cys-CdTe while TGA-CdTe/ZnS and TGA-CdTe were consistent.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=&q...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It is often used not only in Mongolian medicine but also in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few studies on its impact of inflammatory cytokines. This study explored the effects of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used human colon cancer (Caco-2) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring effects on expression of IL-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">α</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used enzyme-linked immun</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sorbent assay (ELISA). </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study demonstrated that incubation of Caco-2 cells with some kinds of</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at some concentrations inhibit secretion of TNF-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">α</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and FAXIU </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ACONITUM</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KUSNEZOFFII</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> could inhibit the secretion of IL-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. While IL-6 and IL-8 levels were unaffected after 24 h of treatment with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">qujian </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></i></i></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">faxiu </span><i><i><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></i></i></i>展开更多
BACKGROUND:The transcription factor Olig1 is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair,and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of int...BACKGROUND:The transcription factor Olig1 is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair,and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of intraventricular injection of a recombinant adenovirus-expressing Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1-eGFP) on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin repair following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology,Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS:Adenovirus and a recombinant adenovirus containing Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1) were provided by Vector Gene Technology,China. METHODS:All 50 rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.A total of 46 rats were successfully induced and were subsequently randomly assigned to a adenovirus(Ad5) group and a recombinant adenovirus-expression Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1) group,with 23 rats per group.One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion,either Ad5-Olig1-eGFP or Ad5-eGFP(10μL,2.3×10^(11)/mL) was injected into the lateral ventricle on the ischemic hemisphere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adenovirus-mediated Olig1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively.Myelin basic protein(MBP) levels were evaluated by Western Blot,immunostaining, and electron microscopy. RESULTS:Exogenous Olig1 expression was measured at the periventricular zone of the lateral ventricle 1 day after Ad5-Olig1 injection.In the Ad5-Olig1-treated group,MBP protein levels and average intensity of MBP-immunoreactivity(-ir) increased 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion,compared with the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05).Furthermore,myelinated axonal numbers markedly increased following Ad5-Olig1 treatment. CONCLUSION:The present data suggested that Ad5-Olig1 gene therapy increased MBP expression and the number of remyelinating axons following cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Tumor vaccines,a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy,have developed rapidly in recent decades.These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune recognition and killing of tumor cells.Because t...Tumor vaccines,a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy,have developed rapidly in recent decades.These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune recognition and killing of tumor cells.Because the immunogenicity of tumor antigens alone is insufficient,immune adjuvants and nanocarriers are often required to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.At present,vaccine carrier development often integrates nanocarriers and immune adjuvants.Among them,outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are receiving increasing attention as a delivery platform for tumor vaccines.OMVs are natural nanovesicles derived from Gramnegative bacteria,which have adjuvant function because they contain pathogen associated molecular patterns.Importantly,OMVs can be functionally modified by genetic engineering of bacteria,thus laying a foundation for applications as a delivery platform for tumor nanovaccines.This review summarizes 5 aspects of recent progress in,and future development of,OMV-based tumor nanovaccines:strain selection,heterogeneity,tumor antigen loading,immunogenicity and safety,and mass production of OMVs.展开更多
Oxide supports modify electronic structures of supported metal nanoparticles,and then affect the catalytic activity associated with the so-called strong metal-support interaction(SMSI).We herein report the strong infl...Oxide supports modify electronic structures of supported metal nanoparticles,and then affect the catalytic activity associated with the so-called strong metal-support interaction(SMSI).We herein report the strong influence of SMSI employing Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) and defective Ni_(4)/MgO(100) catalysts used for dry reforming of methane(DRM,CO_(2)+CH_4→2 CO+2 H_(2)) by using density functional theory(DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation(KMC).The results show that α-MoC(111) and MgO(100) surface have converse electron and structural effect for Ni_(4) cluster.The electrons transfer from a-MoC(111) surface to Ni atoms,but electrons transfer from Ni atoms to MgO(100) surface;an extensive tensile strain is greatly released in the Ni lattice by MgO,but the extensive tensile strain is introduced in the Ni lattice by α-MoC.As a result,although both catalysts show good stability,H_(2)/CO ratio on Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) is obviously larger than that on Ni_(4)/MgO(100).The result shows that Ni/α-MoC is a good catalyst for DRM reaction comparing with Ni/MgO catalyst.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammat...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammatory cells reflect the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inflammatory situation both in peripheral blood and induced sputum. </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their correlation has not been reported. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation between neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (Eos), and lymphocyte (Lym) in induced sputum and that in peripheral blood of COPD </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients was evaluated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to explore the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistency of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Peripheral blood and induced sputum were collected from 437 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with acute exacerbation of COPD</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (AECOPD) who were hospitalized in the Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in induced sputum were (79.15 ± 22.60)%, (5.23 ± 12.74)%, and (1.69 ± 2.66)%. The ratios of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neu, Eos, and Lym in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood were (63.29 ± 11.44)%, (2.99 ± 3.60)%, and (25.16 ± 10.19)%. The results showed that the ratios of Neu and Eos in induced sputum were significantly correlated with the proportion of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There was no correlation between the ratio of Lym and Leu in induced sputum and corresponding cells in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood (P > 0.05). In patients with AECOPD, the tendency of Neu and Eos in induced sputum was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistent with the corresponding cells in peripheral blood. Neu and Eos in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">induced sputum and peripheral blood reflected the degree of inflammation to guide the individualized medication of patients.展开更多
As a unique microprobe for structure and dynamics of materials,neutron possesses superior ability in penetration as well as sensitivity for light and magnetic elements in comparison with X-ray and electron.As for the ...As a unique microprobe for structure and dynamics of materials,neutron possesses superior ability in penetration as well as sensitivity for light and magnetic elements in comparison with X-ray and electron.As for the research and development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),neutron diffraction techniques play an indispensable role in exploring the structural properties of various electrode materials,especially the detailed structural evolution of cathode and anode materials during electrochemical cycling.Moreover,based on thorough analysis of neutron diffraction results,an in-depth and systematic understanding of some fundamental mechanisms,such as the formation mechanism of defects and migration mechanism of lithium ions,could also be established,which is essential for the development of high-performance electrode materials for the next-generation LIBs.Nevertheless,that technique would not seem to be widely applied yet in comparison with the application of X-ray diffraction and more attention should be paid.To demonstrate the advantages of neutron diffraction technique in research of LIBs materials,this work systematically summarizes representative neutron diffraction studies on exploring structural details hidden in electrode materials and on probing structural evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge processes.Prospects for further applications of neutron diffraction techniques in research of LIBs are also put forward.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42030610 and 42075083)the Innovation and Development Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2022J014)supported this study.
文摘This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale[1-km resolution in the innermost domain(d3)].Two ensembles of simulation(CTRL,NURB),each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes,were conducted using different land cover scenarios:(i)the real urban land cover,(ii)all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover.The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region,although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members.The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%,and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB.The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south,southeast,and east of Zhengzhou.Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer(PBL),which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas.As a result,the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe(equivalent potential temperature)air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>The quantum dots are the useful materials in microelectronics and biomedical research. However its toxicity has to be considered. We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core quantum dots and CdTe quantum dots modified with Thioglycolic acid or Cysteine functional group (TGA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe/ZnS, Cys-CdTe, Cys-CdTe/ZnS) on Caco-2 cell proliferation. <strong>Methods</strong>: We studied the effect of cell inhibition with ZnS core QDs and CdTe QDs modified with functional group on Caco-2 cell proliferation by MTT assay at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml and 6, 24, 48 h. <strong>Result:</strong> Our results showed that all QDs have inhibited cell proliferation and reached maximum 79.21%. The inhibition rate of Cys-modified QDs increased with the increase of concentration and reached maximum 66.72%. The inhibition rate of TGA-modified QDs increased with the increase of time. The ratios of Cys-modified to TGA-modified were less than 1 at all concentrations and three exposure times (P ≤ 0.01). The average ratios of Cys-CdTe/ZnS to Cys-CdTe reached 1.11 only for 48 h (P ≤ 0.05). The ratios of TGA-CdTe/ZnS to TGA-CdTe were closed to 1 at all concentrations and exposure times. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The regularity of QDs modified with functional group is that inhibition of TGA-modified higher than Cys-modified. Inhibition exhibited dose-dependent for Cys-modified while exhibited time-dependent for TGA-modified. The regularity of CdTe-QDs with ZnS or not is that the inhibition of Cys-CdTe/ZnS was higher than Cys-CdTe while TGA-CdTe/ZnS and TGA-CdTe were consistent.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It is often used not only in Mongolian medicine but also in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few studies on its impact of inflammatory cytokines. This study explored the effects of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used human colon cancer (Caco-2) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring effects on expression of IL-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">α</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used enzyme-linked immun</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sorbent assay (ELISA). </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study demonstrated that incubation of Caco-2 cells with some kinds of</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at some concentrations inhibit secretion of TNF-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">α</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and FAXIU </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ACONITUM</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KUSNEZOFFII</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> could inhibit the secretion of IL-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. While IL-6 and IL-8 levels were unaffected after 24 h of treatment with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">qujian </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></i></i></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">faxiu </span><i><i><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aconitum kusnezoffii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></i></i></i>
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570626the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7082028
文摘BACKGROUND:The transcription factor Olig1 is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair,and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of intraventricular injection of a recombinant adenovirus-expressing Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1-eGFP) on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin repair following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology,Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS:Adenovirus and a recombinant adenovirus containing Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1) were provided by Vector Gene Technology,China. METHODS:All 50 rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.A total of 46 rats were successfully induced and were subsequently randomly assigned to a adenovirus(Ad5) group and a recombinant adenovirus-expression Olig1 gene(Ad5-Olig1) group,with 23 rats per group.One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion,either Ad5-Olig1-eGFP or Ad5-eGFP(10μL,2.3×10^(11)/mL) was injected into the lateral ventricle on the ischemic hemisphere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adenovirus-mediated Olig1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively.Myelin basic protein(MBP) levels were evaluated by Western Blot,immunostaining, and electron microscopy. RESULTS:Exogenous Olig1 expression was measured at the periventricular zone of the lateral ventricle 1 day after Ad5-Olig1 injection.In the Ad5-Olig1-treated group,MBP protein levels and average intensity of MBP-immunoreactivity(-ir) increased 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion,compared with the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05).Furthermore,myelinated axonal numbers markedly increased following Ad5-Olig1 treatment. CONCLUSION:The present data suggested that Ad5-Olig1 gene therapy increased MBP expression and the number of remyelinating axons following cerebral ischemia.
基金Key Fundamental Research and Development Program （G1999033103） partly supported bY the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 50275096 , 10402023+1 种基金 the Nanometer Technology Program of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai （0215 nml04 , 0352 nm014）, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China （No. 20040350476） the Doctoral Training Foundation of National Education Commission of China.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0909900,X.Z.)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-010,X.Z.)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z200020,X.Z.)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.Z201100006820031,X.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171384,X.Z.).
文摘Tumor vaccines,a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy,have developed rapidly in recent decades.These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune recognition and killing of tumor cells.Because the immunogenicity of tumor antigens alone is insufficient,immune adjuvants and nanocarriers are often required to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.At present,vaccine carrier development often integrates nanocarriers and immune adjuvants.Among them,outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are receiving increasing attention as a delivery platform for tumor vaccines.OMVs are natural nanovesicles derived from Gramnegative bacteria,which have adjuvant function because they contain pathogen associated molecular patterns.Importantly,OMVs can be functionally modified by genetic engineering of bacteria,thus laying a foundation for applications as a delivery platform for tumor nanovaccines.This review summarizes 5 aspects of recent progress in,and future development of,OMV-based tumor nanovaccines:strain selection,heterogeneity,tumor antigen loading,immunogenicity and safety,and mass production of OMVs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21776197 and 21776195)Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (201701D211003)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province (International Cooperation, 201903D421074) for their financial support。
文摘Oxide supports modify electronic structures of supported metal nanoparticles,and then affect the catalytic activity associated with the so-called strong metal-support interaction(SMSI).We herein report the strong influence of SMSI employing Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) and defective Ni_(4)/MgO(100) catalysts used for dry reforming of methane(DRM,CO_(2)+CH_4→2 CO+2 H_(2)) by using density functional theory(DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation(KMC).The results show that α-MoC(111) and MgO(100) surface have converse electron and structural effect for Ni_(4) cluster.The electrons transfer from a-MoC(111) surface to Ni atoms,but electrons transfer from Ni atoms to MgO(100) surface;an extensive tensile strain is greatly released in the Ni lattice by MgO,but the extensive tensile strain is introduced in the Ni lattice by α-MoC.As a result,although both catalysts show good stability,H_(2)/CO ratio on Ni_(4)/α-MoC(111) is obviously larger than that on Ni_(4)/MgO(100).The result shows that Ni/α-MoC is a good catalyst for DRM reaction comparing with Ni/MgO catalyst.
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammatory cells reflect the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inflammatory situation both in peripheral blood and induced sputum. </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their correlation has not been reported. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation between neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (Eos), and lymphocyte (Lym) in induced sputum and that in peripheral blood of COPD </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients was evaluated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to explore the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistency of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Peripheral blood and induced sputum were collected from 437 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with acute exacerbation of COPD</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (AECOPD) who were hospitalized in the Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in induced sputum were (79.15 ± 22.60)%, (5.23 ± 12.74)%, and (1.69 ± 2.66)%. The ratios of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neu, Eos, and Lym in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood were (63.29 ± 11.44)%, (2.99 ± 3.60)%, and (25.16 ± 10.19)%. The results showed that the ratios of Neu and Eos in induced sputum were significantly correlated with the proportion of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There was no correlation between the ratio of Lym and Leu in induced sputum and corresponding cells in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood (P > 0.05). In patients with AECOPD, the tendency of Neu and Eos in induced sputum was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistent with the corresponding cells in peripheral blood. Neu and Eos in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">induced sputum and peripheral blood reflected the degree of inflammation to guide the individualized medication of patients.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072008 and U2032167)+1 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.GXWD 20201231165807007-20200807125314001)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022B1515120070).
文摘As a unique microprobe for structure and dynamics of materials,neutron possesses superior ability in penetration as well as sensitivity for light and magnetic elements in comparison with X-ray and electron.As for the research and development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),neutron diffraction techniques play an indispensable role in exploring the structural properties of various electrode materials,especially the detailed structural evolution of cathode and anode materials during electrochemical cycling.Moreover,based on thorough analysis of neutron diffraction results,an in-depth and systematic understanding of some fundamental mechanisms,such as the formation mechanism of defects and migration mechanism of lithium ions,could also be established,which is essential for the development of high-performance electrode materials for the next-generation LIBs.Nevertheless,that technique would not seem to be widely applied yet in comparison with the application of X-ray diffraction and more attention should be paid.To demonstrate the advantages of neutron diffraction technique in research of LIBs materials,this work systematically summarizes representative neutron diffraction studies on exploring structural details hidden in electrode materials and on probing structural evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge processes.Prospects for further applications of neutron diffraction techniques in research of LIBs are also put forward.
