Blind image quality assessment(BIQA)is of fundamental importance in low-level computer vision community.Increasing interest has been drawn in exploiting deep neural networks for BIQA.Despite of the notable success ach...Blind image quality assessment(BIQA)is of fundamental importance in low-level computer vision community.Increasing interest has been drawn in exploiting deep neural networks for BIQA.Despite of the notable success achieved,there is a broad consensus that training deep convolutional neural networks(DCNN)heavily relies on massive annotated data.Unfortunately,BIQA is typically a small sample problem,resulting the generalization ability of BIQA severely restricted.In order to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of BIQA metrics,this work proposed a totally opinion-unaware BIQA in which no subjective annotations are involved in the training stage.Multiple full-reference image quality assessment(FR-IQA)metrics are employed to label the distorted image as a substitution of subjective quality annotation.A deep neural network(DNN)is trained to blindly predict the multiple FR-IQA score in absence of corresponding pristine image.In the end,a selfsupervised FR-IQA score aggregator implemented by adversarial auto-encoder pools the predictions of multiple FR-IQA scores into the final quality predicting score.Even though none of subjective scores are involved in the training stage,experimental results indicate that our proposed full reference induced BIQA framework is as competitive as state-of-the-art BIQA metrics.展开更多
Output power and reliability are the most important characteristic parameters of semiconductor lasers.However,catas-trophic optical damage(COD),which usually occurs on the cavity surface,will seriously damage the furt...Output power and reliability are the most important characteristic parameters of semiconductor lasers.However,catas-trophic optical damage(COD),which usually occurs on the cavity surface,will seriously damage the further improvement of the output power and affect the reliability.To improve the anti-optical disaster ability of the cavity surface,a non-absorption window(NAW)is adopted for the 915 nm InGaAsP/GaAsP single-quantum well semiconductor laser using quantum well mix-ing(QWI)induced by impurity-free vacancy.Both the principle and the process of point defect diffusion are described in detail in this paper.We also studied the effects of annealing temperature,annealing time,and the thickness of SiO_(2) film on the quan-tum well mixing in a semiconductor laser with a primary epitaxial structure,which is distinct from the previous structures.We found that when compared with the complete epitaxial structure,the blue shift of the semiconductor laser with the primary epi-taxial structure is larger under the same conditions.To obtain the appropriate blue shift window,the primary epitaxial struc-ture can use a lower annealing temperature and shorter annealing time.In addition,the process is less expensive.We also pro-vide references for upcoming device fabrication.展开更多
The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM)....The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM).The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized.A board area laser diode(BA-LD)with high-order diffraction grat-ings has been designed and fabricated.At output powers up to 10.5 W,the measured spectral width of full width at half maxi-mum(FWHM)is less than 0.5 nm.The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively nar-row the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.展开更多
Considering that there is no single full reference image quality assessment method that could give the best performance in all situations, some multi-method fusion metrics were proposed. Machine learning techniques ar...Considering that there is no single full reference image quality assessment method that could give the best performance in all situations, some multi-method fusion metrics were proposed. Machine learning techniques are often involved in such multi-method fusion metrics so that its output would be more consistent with human visual perceptions. On the other hand, the robustness and generalization ability of these multi-method fusion metrics are questioned because of the scarce of images with mean opinion scores. In order to comprehensively validate whether or not the generalization ability of such multi-method fusion IQA metrics are satisfying, we construct a new image database which contains up to 60 reference images. The newly built image database is then used to test the generalization ability of different multi-method fusion IQA metrics. Cross database validation experiment indicates that in our new image database, the performances of all the multi-method fusion IQA metrics have no statistical significant different with some single-method IQA metrics such as FSIM and MAD. In the end, a thorough analysis is given to explain why the performance of multi-method fusion IQA framework drop significantly in cross database validation.展开更多
We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and s...We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light,and optimizing the length of gratings,in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device,and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.展开更多
The bandwidth of internet connections is still a bottleneck when transmitting large amounts of images,making the image quality assessment essential.Neurophysiological assessment of image quality has highlight advantag...The bandwidth of internet connections is still a bottleneck when transmitting large amounts of images,making the image quality assessment essential.Neurophysiological assessment of image quality has highlight advantages for it does not interfere with natural viewing behavior.However,in JPEG compression,the previous study is hard to tell the difference between the electroencephalogram(EEG)evoked by different quality images.In this paper,we propose an EEG analysis approach based on algebraic topology analysis,and the result shows that the difference between Euler characteristics of EEG evoked by different distortion images is striking both in the alpha and beta band.Moreover,we further discuss the relationship between the images and the EEG signals,and the results implied that the algebraic topological properties of images are consistent with that of brain perception,which is possible to give birth to braininspired image compression based on algebraic topological features.In general,an algebraic topologybased approach was proposed in this paper to analyze the perceptual characteristics of image quality,which will be beneficial to provide a reliable score for data compression in the network and improve the network transmission capacity.展开更多
The goal of this study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of tamibarotene by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD).The inclusion complex of tamibarotene with hydroxypropyl-β-c...The goal of this study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of tamibarotene by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD).The inclusion complex of tamibarotene with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(Am80-HP-β-CD)was prepared through a freeze-drying method at the mole ratio of 1:1(Am80:HP-β-CD).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)indicated the formation of Am80-HP-β-CD.In vitro dissolution studies showed that the solubility and dissolution percentage of Am80-HP-β-CD was improved substantially compared to Am80.An improved dissolution with approximately 97%drug release in 3 min was observed,in comparison with Am80 with approximately 60% release in 45 min.In vivo studies indicated that the AUC0-∞ has increased 2.79 times and the Cmax 4.37 times after the formation of inclusion complex.The decrease of tmaxindicated the Am80-HP-β-CD inclusion complex can be absorbed into blood faster.In short,the solubility and bio-availability of Am80 has notably increased with the complexation of HP-β-CD.Therefore,using the inclusion technique is a promising method to improve the solubility of insoluble drugs.展开更多
The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the...The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the output power of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well red semiconductor lasers,Si-Si_(3)N_(4)composited dielectric layers are used to induce its quantum wells to be intermixed at the cavity surface to make a non-absorption window.Si with a thickness of 100 nm and Si_(3)N_(4)with a thickness of 100 nm were grown on the surface of the epitaxial wafer by magnetron sputtering and PECVD as diffusion source and driving source,respectively.Compared with traditional Si impurity induced quantum well intermixing,this paper realizes the blue shift of 54.8 nm in the nonabsorbent window region at a lower annealing temperature of 600 ℃ and annealing time of 10 min.Under this annealing condition,the wavelength of the gain luminescence region basically does not shift to short wavelength,and the surface morphology of the whole epitaxial wafer remains fine after annealing.The application of this process condition can reduce the difficulty of production and save cost,which provides an effective method for upcoming fabrication.展开更多
The thickness and composition of the external laminae contain errors,leading to inaccuracies in the theoretical calculations and simulations associated with Fig.3,Fig.4,and Fig.5.However,as these theoretical calculati...The thickness and composition of the external laminae contain errors,leading to inaccuracies in the theoretical calculations and simulations associated with Fig.3,Fig.4,and Fig.5.However,as these theoretical calculations merely illustrate a trend and do not contradict the experimental results,a request for modification has been submitted.展开更多
Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction is a promising solution to simultaneously provide renewable chemical fuels and address the greenhouse effect.However,designing practical photocatalysts with advanced architectures remain...Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction is a promising solution to simultaneously provide renewable chemical fuels and address the greenhouse effect.However,designing practical photocatalysts with advanced architectures remains challenging.Herein,we report the preparation of a novel CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)binary heterojunction via an in situ solvothermal approach,which exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for sunlight-driven CO_(2)reduction.The CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)composites exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance for CO_(2)reduction compared to unmodified TiO_(2).Among them,the 3%CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)composite has optimal CO and CH_(4) evolution rates of 18.32 and 1.03μmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),respectively.The yield of CO is 4.7 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).This improved photocatalytic activity of the CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)heterostructure can be attributed to its large surface area,extended light absorption range and high separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,which are supported by the results of photoluminescence spectroscopy and the photoelectrochemical measurements.Moreover,the photocatalytic mechanism based on the binary CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)heterojunction is proposed and separation process of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is discussed.In brief,we aim to provide insights into the application of TiO_(2)in energy conversion processes through the construction of heterogeneous junctions.展开更多
This paper provides an efficient and useful approach for demand estimation and assortment planning of cell phone cards in wireless communication industry. We use maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the primary d...This paper provides an efficient and useful approach for demand estimation and assortment planning of cell phone cards in wireless communication industry. We use maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the primary demand and substitution probability of each cell phone card based on historical sales data. This estimation model is nonlinear, so we transform it to a mixed integer linear programming model by logarithmic transformations and piecewise＇linear approximation. On the basis of the estimation results, we can make assortment planning. Considering the resource of cell phone cards is limited, we jointly optimize the assortment and quantity planning of cell phone cards. In numerical study, we apply our approach to a large mobile service provider in China and frod our approach can increase the revenue of this mobile service provider by 23.69%. Sensitivity analysis shows the mobile service provider should provide more assortments to increase revenue when the types of cell phone cards that can be assigned to each store are limited.展开更多
The thermal characteristics of high-power AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes（LDs） at high current（2-10 A）are studied with electrical transient method.The temperature rise increases linearly with the current.The thermal resi...The thermal characteristics of high-power AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes（LDs） at high current（2-10 A）are studied with electrical transient method.The temperature rise increases linearly with the current.The thermal resistance of chip is the largest proportion of total thermal resistance.By increasing the width of the chip from 500 to 800 fim,the temperature rise and thermal resistance decrease by 8.5%and 8.8%,respectively.展开更多
Heusler alloys are a kind of intermetallic compounds with highly-ordered arrangement of atoms.Many attractive functional materials have been developed in Heusler alloys.Due to the application requirements of materials...Heusler alloys are a kind of intermetallic compounds with highly-ordered arrangement of atoms.Many attractive functional materials have been developed in Heusler alloys.Due to the application requirements of materials in new-generation electronic devices and spintronics devices,one-dimensional nanostructured Heusler alloys with special functions are needed.In this work,it is proposed to grow one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures(1D-HA-NSs)by magnetron sputtering plus anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)template.Nanowires with different shapes,amorphous-coated(AC)nanowires and nanotubes were successfully grown for several Heusler alloys.AC nanowires are the unique products of our method.Heusler alloy nanotubes are reported for the first time.The one-dimensional nanostructures grow on the surface of the AAO substrate rather than in the holes.The top of the pore wall is the nanostructure growth point,the shape of which determines the morphology of the nanostructures.A general growth mechanism model of one-dimensional nanostructures on AAO template was established and further confirmed by experimental observation.展开更多
Dear Editor,Variants of concern(VOCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have increased transmissibility,virulence,and resistance.The emergence of new VOCs continues to pose great challenges to public health.The detailed structures of the ...Dear Editor,Variants of concern(VOCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have increased transmissibility,virulence,and resistance.The emergence of new VOCs continues to pose great challenges to public health.The detailed structures of the intact Omicron viruses remain unveiled.In this study,we report the architecture of both Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages using cryo-electron tomography(cryo-ET).The subtomogram averaging of viral spikes,in both pre-fusion and postfusion conformations are also investigated.展开更多
Tumor microenvironment(TME)is the environment around the tumor cells,consisting of extracellular matrix,nonmalignant stromal cells,and various types of immune cells(like macrophages,B and T lymphocytes).1 TME has been...Tumor microenvironment(TME)is the environment around the tumor cells,consisting of extracellular matrix,nonmalignant stromal cells,and various types of immune cells(like macrophages,B and T lymphocytes).1 TME has been recurrently reported to play important roles in the progression of cancers.1 The mechanism study of TME may offer opportunities for targeted/immune therapies.However,how TME components impact the prognosis of cancer patients remains to be determined.展开更多
基金supported by the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGF21F010001)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2019C01002)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C03138)。
文摘Blind image quality assessment(BIQA)is of fundamental importance in low-level computer vision community.Increasing interest has been drawn in exploiting deep neural networks for BIQA.Despite of the notable success achieved,there is a broad consensus that training deep convolutional neural networks(DCNN)heavily relies on massive annotated data.Unfortunately,BIQA is typically a small sample problem,resulting the generalization ability of BIQA severely restricted.In order to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of BIQA metrics,this work proposed a totally opinion-unaware BIQA in which no subjective annotations are involved in the training stage.Multiple full-reference image quality assessment(FR-IQA)metrics are employed to label the distorted image as a substitution of subjective quality annotation.A deep neural network(DNN)is trained to blindly predict the multiple FR-IQA score in absence of corresponding pristine image.In the end,a selfsupervised FR-IQA score aggregator implemented by adversarial auto-encoder pools the predictions of multiple FR-IQA scores into the final quality predicting score.Even though none of subjective scores are involved in the training stage,experimental results indicate that our proposed full reference induced BIQA framework is as competitive as state-of-the-art BIQA metrics.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(Grant No.62174154).
文摘Output power and reliability are the most important characteristic parameters of semiconductor lasers.However,catas-trophic optical damage(COD),which usually occurs on the cavity surface,will seriously damage the further improvement of the output power and affect the reliability.To improve the anti-optical disaster ability of the cavity surface,a non-absorption window(NAW)is adopted for the 915 nm InGaAsP/GaAsP single-quantum well semiconductor laser using quantum well mix-ing(QWI)induced by impurity-free vacancy.Both the principle and the process of point defect diffusion are described in detail in this paper.We also studied the effects of annealing temperature,annealing time,and the thickness of SiO_(2) film on the quan-tum well mixing in a semiconductor laser with a primary epitaxial structure,which is distinct from the previous structures.We found that when compared with the complete epitaxial structure,the blue shift of the semiconductor laser with the primary epi-taxial structure is larger under the same conditions.To obtain the appropriate blue shift window,the primary epitaxial struc-ture can use a lower annealing temperature and shorter annealing time.In addition,the process is less expensive.We also pro-vide references for upcoming device fabrication.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFB4601201.
文摘The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM).The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized.A board area laser diode(BA-LD)with high-order diffraction grat-ings has been designed and fabricated.At output powers up to 10.5 W,the measured spectral width of full width at half maxi-mum(FWHM)is less than 0.5 nm.The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively nar-row the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.
基金supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” No.2018CUCTJ081
文摘Considering that there is no single full reference image quality assessment method that could give the best performance in all situations, some multi-method fusion metrics were proposed. Machine learning techniques are often involved in such multi-method fusion metrics so that its output would be more consistent with human visual perceptions. On the other hand, the robustness and generalization ability of these multi-method fusion metrics are questioned because of the scarce of images with mean opinion scores. In order to comprehensively validate whether or not the generalization ability of such multi-method fusion IQA metrics are satisfying, we construct a new image database which contains up to 60 reference images. The newly built image database is then used to test the generalization ability of different multi-method fusion IQA metrics. Cross database validation experiment indicates that in our new image database, the performances of all the multi-method fusion IQA metrics have no statistical significant different with some single-method IQA metrics such as FSIM and MAD. In the end, a thorough analysis is given to explain why the performance of multi-method fusion IQA framework drop significantly in cross database validation.
文摘We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light,and optimizing the length of gratings,in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device,and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2019C03138 and No.2019C01002)。
文摘The bandwidth of internet connections is still a bottleneck when transmitting large amounts of images,making the image quality assessment essential.Neurophysiological assessment of image quality has highlight advantages for it does not interfere with natural viewing behavior.However,in JPEG compression,the previous study is hard to tell the difference between the electroencephalogram(EEG)evoked by different quality images.In this paper,we propose an EEG analysis approach based on algebraic topology analysis,and the result shows that the difference between Euler characteristics of EEG evoked by different distortion images is striking both in the alpha and beta band.Moreover,we further discuss the relationship between the images and the EEG signals,and the results implied that the algebraic topological properties of images are consistent with that of brain perception,which is possible to give birth to braininspired image compression based on algebraic topological features.In general,an algebraic topologybased approach was proposed in this paper to analyze the perceptual characteristics of image quality,which will be beneficial to provide a reliable score for data compression in the network and improve the network transmission capacity.
文摘The goal of this study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of tamibarotene by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD).The inclusion complex of tamibarotene with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(Am80-HP-β-CD)was prepared through a freeze-drying method at the mole ratio of 1:1(Am80:HP-β-CD).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)indicated the formation of Am80-HP-β-CD.In vitro dissolution studies showed that the solubility and dissolution percentage of Am80-HP-β-CD was improved substantially compared to Am80.An improved dissolution with approximately 97%drug release in 3 min was observed,in comparison with Am80 with approximately 60% release in 45 min.In vivo studies indicated that the AUC0-∞ has increased 2.79 times and the Cmax 4.37 times after the formation of inclusion complex.The decrease of tmaxindicated the Am80-HP-β-CD inclusion complex can be absorbed into blood faster.In short,the solubility and bio-availability of Am80 has notably increased with the complexation of HP-β-CD.Therefore,using the inclusion technique is a promising method to improve the solubility of insoluble drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(Grant No.62174154).
文摘The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the output power of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well red semiconductor lasers,Si-Si_(3)N_(4)composited dielectric layers are used to induce its quantum wells to be intermixed at the cavity surface to make a non-absorption window.Si with a thickness of 100 nm and Si_(3)N_(4)with a thickness of 100 nm were grown on the surface of the epitaxial wafer by magnetron sputtering and PECVD as diffusion source and driving source,respectively.Compared with traditional Si impurity induced quantum well intermixing,this paper realizes the blue shift of 54.8 nm in the nonabsorbent window region at a lower annealing temperature of 600 ℃ and annealing time of 10 min.Under this annealing condition,the wavelength of the gain luminescence region basically does not shift to short wavelength,and the surface morphology of the whole epitaxial wafer remains fine after annealing.The application of this process condition can reduce the difficulty of production and save cost,which provides an effective method for upcoming fabrication.
文摘The thickness and composition of the external laminae contain errors,leading to inaccuracies in the theoretical calculations and simulations associated with Fig.3,Fig.4,and Fig.5.However,as these theoretical calculations merely illustrate a trend and do not contradict the experimental results,a request for modification has been submitted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21663027)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(Grant No.21YF5GA068)+1 种基金the Innovative Research Team for Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022TD-04)Industry Supporting Project for Gansu Institution of Higher Learning(Grant No.2021CYZC-26).
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction is a promising solution to simultaneously provide renewable chemical fuels and address the greenhouse effect.However,designing practical photocatalysts with advanced architectures remains challenging.Herein,we report the preparation of a novel CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)binary heterojunction via an in situ solvothermal approach,which exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for sunlight-driven CO_(2)reduction.The CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)composites exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance for CO_(2)reduction compared to unmodified TiO_(2).Among them,the 3%CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)composite has optimal CO and CH_(4) evolution rates of 18.32 and 1.03μmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),respectively.The yield of CO is 4.7 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).This improved photocatalytic activity of the CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)heterostructure can be attributed to its large surface area,extended light absorption range and high separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,which are supported by the results of photoluminescence spectroscopy and the photoelectrochemical measurements.Moreover,the photocatalytic mechanism based on the binary CdIn_(2)S_(4)/TiO_(2)heterojunction is proposed and separation process of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is discussed.In brief,we aim to provide insights into the application of TiO_(2)in energy conversion processes through the construction of heterogeneous junctions.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China [Grants 71401086, 71332005 and 71361130017].
文摘This paper provides an efficient and useful approach for demand estimation and assortment planning of cell phone cards in wireless communication industry. We use maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the primary demand and substitution probability of each cell phone card based on historical sales data. This estimation model is nonlinear, so we transform it to a mixed integer linear programming model by logarithmic transformations and piecewise＇linear approximation. On the basis of the estimation results, we can make assortment planning. Considering the resource of cell phone cards is limited, we jointly optimize the assortment and quantity planning of cell phone cards. In numerical study, we apply our approach to a large mobile service provider in China and frod our approach can increase the revenue of this mobile service provider by 23.69%. Sensitivity analysis shows the mobile service provider should provide more assortments to increase revenue when the types of cell phone cards that can be assigned to each store are limited.
文摘The thermal characteristics of high-power AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes（LDs） at high current（2-10 A）are studied with electrical transient method.The temperature rise increases linearly with the current.The thermal resistance of chip is the largest proportion of total thermal resistance.By increasing the width of the chip from 500 to 800 fim,the temperature rise and thermal resistance decrease by 8.5%and 8.8%,respectively.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2019202107).
文摘Heusler alloys are a kind of intermetallic compounds with highly-ordered arrangement of atoms.Many attractive functional materials have been developed in Heusler alloys.Due to the application requirements of materials in new-generation electronic devices and spintronics devices,one-dimensional nanostructured Heusler alloys with special functions are needed.In this work,it is proposed to grow one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures(1D-HA-NSs)by magnetron sputtering plus anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)template.Nanowires with different shapes,amorphous-coated(AC)nanowires and nanotubes were successfully grown for several Heusler alloys.AC nanowires are the unique products of our method.Heusler alloy nanotubes are reported for the first time.The one-dimensional nanostructures grow on the surface of the AAO substrate rather than in the holes.The top of the pore wall is the nanostructure growth point,the shape of which determines the morphology of the nanostructures.A general growth mechanism model of one-dimensional nanostructures on AAO template was established and further confirmed by experimental observation.
基金the Cryo-electron Microscopy Center,Southern University of Science and Technology,for their assistance with data collection.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070329 to Z.L.,82172240 to Y.W.,82025001 to J.Z.).
文摘Dear Editor,Variants of concern(VOCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have increased transmissibility,virulence,and resistance.The emergence of new VOCs continues to pose great challenges to public health.The detailed structures of the intact Omicron viruses remain unveiled.In this study,we report the architecture of both Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages using cryo-electron tomography(cryo-ET).The subtomogram averaging of viral spikes,in both pre-fusion and postfusion conformations are also investigated.
基金supported by the key scientific research project of Henan Province,China(No.22A310012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2004136)+2 种基金supporting program for Central Plain Young Top Talents(China)(No.ZYQR201912176)a program from academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies of Henan University,Henan,China(No.CX3070A0970005)innovative technology team of big data on tumor prognosis in Kaifeng,and key project of undergraduate Teaching Reform Research and Practice project of Henan University in 2020.
文摘Tumor microenvironment(TME)is the environment around the tumor cells,consisting of extracellular matrix,nonmalignant stromal cells,and various types of immune cells(like macrophages,B and T lymphocytes).1 TME has been recurrently reported to play important roles in the progression of cancers.1 The mechanism study of TME may offer opportunities for targeted/immune therapies.However,how TME components impact the prognosis of cancer patients remains to be determined.
