Maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is an essential physiological requirement for sustainable growth,development,and yield of crops.Plants respond to high levels of heavy metals such as copper(Cu)and cadmium...Maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is an essential physiological requirement for sustainable growth,development,and yield of crops.Plants respond to high levels of heavy metals such as copper(Cu)and cadmium(Cd)to avoid irreversible damage at the structural,physiological and molecular levels.Our previous study found that rice germin-like proteins(OsGLPs)are a type of Cu-responsive proteins.The deletion of 10 tandem OsGLP genes on chromosome 8 led to more severe heavy metal toxicity in rice.In this study,we show that rice WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY72 negatively regulates OsGLP8-7transcription.Overexpression of OsWRKY72 weakens the Cu/Cd tolerance of rice when exposed to Cu and Cd.OsWRKY72 suppressed expression of OsGLP8-7 and lignin synthesis genes,resulting in reduced lignin polymerization and consequently lower lignin accumulation in cell walls,thereby increasing the Cu and Cd accumulation.In addition,OsWRKY53 bound to OsWRKY72 to alleviate the transcriptional inhibition of OsGLP8-7.These results revealed that OsWRKY72-OsGLP8-7 is an important module response of rice to heavy metal stress,and that transcription factor OsWRKY72 acts upstream of OsGLP8-7 to regulate Cu/Cd toxicity.展开更多
As the rapid development of more powerful and safer lithiumion batteries, the mechanism study of gases evolution is attacking more and more attention in recent years. Especially under overcharge/discharge and/or high-...As the rapid development of more powerful and safer lithiumion batteries, the mechanism study of gases evolution is attacking more and more attention in recent years. Especially under overcharge/discharge and/or high-temperature working condition.展开更多
Jet precession has previously been proposed to explain the apparently repeating features in the light curves of a few gamma-ray bursts(GRBs).In this paper,we further apply the precession model to a bright GRB 220408B ...Jet precession has previously been proposed to explain the apparently repeating features in the light curves of a few gamma-ray bursts(GRBs).In this paper,we further apply the precession model to a bright GRB 220408B by examining both its temporal and spectral consistency with the predictions of the model.As one of the recently confirmed GRBs observed by our GRID CubeSat mission,GRB 220408B is noteworthy as it exhibits three apparently similar emission episodes.Furthermore,the similarities are reinforced by their strong temporal correlations and similar features in terms of spectral evolution and spectral lags.Our analysis demonstrates that these features can be well explained by the modulated emission of a Fast-Rise-Exponential-Decay(FRED)shape light curve intrinsically produced by a precessing jet with a precession period of 18.4_(-0.2)~(+0.2)s,a nutation period of11.1_(-0.2)~(+0.2)s and viewed off-axis.This study provides a straightforward explanation for the complex yet similar multiepisode GRB light curves.展开更多
Microcontroller <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">is </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "...Microcontroller <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">is </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">widely</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">used in the intelligent life of modern society. Intelligent development based</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">on Microcontroller to solve the actual needs of people</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">’</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s life, work, study and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">other fields is the core of Microcontroller application.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Therefore, it is a task for researchers to understand the structure and performance of microcontroller, develop software, and be familiar with the method and process of intelligent development based on microcontroller. And with that in mind</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, t</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">his paper designs and produces a physical hardware system for indoor environment detection based on STM32 microcontroller. The system can detect the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration in the indoor environment;and the data is integrated and processed by the STM32 microcontroller to display the current parameter values of each quantity in the indoor environment on a 3.5-inch resistive screen;at the same time, the PC can also log in to the OneNET cloud platform through the web page, and display the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration values in the indoor environment in real time in the device created by OneNET for real-time viewing. The system can also display the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration values in the indoor environment in real time. The hardware system has been tested and tested to achieve its function.</span></span></span>展开更多
Based on analysis of the present situation and problems of course project of the Internet of Things engineering,we propose a relational integrated course project pattern around three levels of perception layer,network...Based on analysis of the present situation and problems of course project of the Internet of Things engineering,we propose a relational integrated course project pattern around three levels of perception layer,network layer,application layer of the Internet of Things system.The realization of a complete Internet of Things system is divided into three course projects to complete three key points,which may eventually make a complete system of things.Through the link among the three integrated course projects,knowledge of four years will be connected together and form an organic whole.We use a team performance and examination methods of the process-oriented examination,project paper and oral examination for the integrated course project in order to improve students’cooperation ability,expression ability,communication ability and other integrated quality.展开更多
The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)–adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthetase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway, comprising the DNA sensor cGAS, the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), a...The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)–adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthetase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway, comprising the DNA sensor cGAS, the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), and the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) adaptor protein STING, detects cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to trigger type I-interferon responses forhost defense against pathogens. Previous studies defined a model for the allosteric activation of cGAS by DNA-binding, but recentwork reveals other layers of mechanisms to regulate cGAS activation such as the phase condensation and metal ions, especially thediscovery of Mn^(2+) as a cGAS activator. Activation of the 23-cGAMP sensor STING requires translocating from the ER to the Golgiapparatus. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans at the Golgi are found to be the second STING ligand promoting STING oligomerizationand activation in addition to 23-cGAMP, while surpassed levels of 23-cGAMP induce ER-located STING to form a highly organizedER membranous condensate named STING phase-separator to restrain STING activation. Here, we summarize recent advances in theregulation of cGAS–STING activation and their implications in physiological or pathological conditions, particularly focusing on theemerging complexity of the regulation.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 has caused asevere pneumoniapandemic worldwide with high morbidity and mortality.Howto developa preclinical model for recapitulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is stil urgent and essential for the control of t...SARS-CoV-2 has caused asevere pneumoniapandemic worldwide with high morbidity and mortality.Howto developa preclinical model for recapitulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is stil urgent and essential for the control of the pandemic.Here,we have established a 3D biomimetic alveolus-on-a-chip with mechanical strain and extracellular matrix taken into consideration.We have validated that the alveolus-on-a-chip is capable of recapitulating key physiological characteristics of human alveolar units,which lays a fundamental basis for viral infection studies at the organ level.Using virus-analogous chemicals and pseudovirus,we have explored virus pathogenesis and blocking ability of antibodies during viral infection.This work provides a favorable platform for SARS-Cov-2-related researches and has a great potential for physiology and pathophysiology studies of the human lung at the organ level in vitro.展开更多
Accurate drug delivery to the lesion has been deliberated for several decades,but one important phenomenon is usually neglected that the immune system can prevent smooth transportation of nanomedicine.Although injecti...Accurate drug delivery to the lesion has been deliberated for several decades,but one important phenomenon is usually neglected that the immune system can prevent smooth transportation of nanomedicine.Although injection would reduce first-pass effect,macrophages in the blood can still recognize and phagocytose nanomedicine.Here we show that a lubricated nanocontainer,which is prepared based on polyelectrolytes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles,can accurately target muscarinic bioreceptor while escaping from the identification of macrophages.Through in vitro and in vivo studies,this nanocontainer,combining both immune escape and bioreceptor targeting,has greatly improved the drug bioavailability.Additionally,this nanocontainer shows good biocompatibility,and the targeted heart tissues and other important metabolic organs,such as liver and kidney,keep physiological structures and functions without the detection of side effects.Furthermore,the mechanism of immune escape for the developed nanocontainer has been investigated by lubrication test and molecular simulation.We anticipate that our study will establish a new perspective on the achievement of immune escape-based targeted drug delivery,which can provide a fundamental approach for the design of related biomaterials.展开更多
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct(EVA)is a radiologic malformation of the inner ear most commonly seen in children with sensorineural hearing loss.Most cases of EVA with hearing loss are caused by biallelic mutations of SL...Enlarged vestibular aqueduct(EVA)is a radiologic malformation of the inner ear most commonly seen in children with sensorineural hearing loss.Most cases of EVA with hearing loss are caused by biallelic mutations of SLC26A4.In this review,we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hearing loss with EVA due to malfunction of SLC26A4,the detection rates of SLC26A4 mutations in EVA patients from different populations,and the role of other genetic factors(eg,mutations in FOXI1 and KCNJ10)as etiologic contributors to EVA.Elucidating the molecular etiology of EVA-associated hearing loss may facilitate genetic counseling and lead to potential therapeutic strategies.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China (BE2021717)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672224)。
文摘Maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is an essential physiological requirement for sustainable growth,development,and yield of crops.Plants respond to high levels of heavy metals such as copper(Cu)and cadmium(Cd)to avoid irreversible damage at the structural,physiological and molecular levels.Our previous study found that rice germin-like proteins(OsGLPs)are a type of Cu-responsive proteins.The deletion of 10 tandem OsGLP genes on chromosome 8 led to more severe heavy metal toxicity in rice.In this study,we show that rice WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY72 negatively regulates OsGLP8-7transcription.Overexpression of OsWRKY72 weakens the Cu/Cd tolerance of rice when exposed to Cu and Cd.OsWRKY72 suppressed expression of OsGLP8-7 and lignin synthesis genes,resulting in reduced lignin polymerization and consequently lower lignin accumulation in cell walls,thereby increasing the Cu and Cd accumulation.In addition,OsWRKY53 bound to OsWRKY72 to alleviate the transcriptional inhibition of OsGLP8-7.These results revealed that OsWRKY72-OsGLP8-7 is an important module response of rice to heavy metal stress,and that transcription factor OsWRKY72 acts upstream of OsGLP8-7 to regulate Cu/Cd toxicity.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 22021001, 22179111)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant no. 2021YFA1201900)+3 种基金the Basic Research Program of Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (grant no. RD2021070401)the Principal Fund from Xiamen University (grant no. 20720210015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 20720220010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 22202082)。
文摘As the rapid development of more powerful and safer lithiumion batteries, the mechanism study of gases evolution is attacking more and more attention in recent years. Especially under overcharge/discharge and/or high-temperature working condition.
基金support by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2022YFF0711404,2022SKA0130102)the National SKA Program of China(2022SKA0130100)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.11833003,U2038105,U1831135,12121003)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO.CMS-CSST-2021-B11the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneur in Jiangsusupported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(grant No.BX20200164)。
文摘Jet precession has previously been proposed to explain the apparently repeating features in the light curves of a few gamma-ray bursts(GRBs).In this paper,we further apply the precession model to a bright GRB 220408B by examining both its temporal and spectral consistency with the predictions of the model.As one of the recently confirmed GRBs observed by our GRID CubeSat mission,GRB 220408B is noteworthy as it exhibits three apparently similar emission episodes.Furthermore,the similarities are reinforced by their strong temporal correlations and similar features in terms of spectral evolution and spectral lags.Our analysis demonstrates that these features can be well explained by the modulated emission of a Fast-Rise-Exponential-Decay(FRED)shape light curve intrinsically produced by a precessing jet with a precession period of 18.4_(-0.2)~(+0.2)s,a nutation period of11.1_(-0.2)~(+0.2)s and viewed off-axis.This study provides a straightforward explanation for the complex yet similar multiepisode GRB light curves.
文摘Microcontroller <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">is </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">widely</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">used in the intelligent life of modern society. Intelligent development based</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">on Microcontroller to solve the actual needs of people</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">’</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s life, work, study and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">other fields is the core of Microcontroller application.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Therefore, it is a task for researchers to understand the structure and performance of microcontroller, develop software, and be familiar with the method and process of intelligent development based on microcontroller. And with that in mind</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, t</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">his paper designs and produces a physical hardware system for indoor environment detection based on STM32 microcontroller. The system can detect the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration in the indoor environment;and the data is integrated and processed by the STM32 microcontroller to display the current parameter values of each quantity in the indoor environment on a 3.5-inch resistive screen;at the same time, the PC can also log in to the OneNET cloud platform through the web page, and display the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration values in the indoor environment in real time in the device created by OneNET for real-time viewing. The system can also display the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and CO gas concentration values in the indoor environment in real time. The hardware system has been tested and tested to achieve its function.</span></span></span>
文摘Based on analysis of the present situation and problems of course project of the Internet of Things engineering,we propose a relational integrated course project pattern around three levels of perception layer,network layer,application layer of the Internet of Things system.The realization of a complete Internet of Things system is divided into three course projects to complete three key points,which may eventually make a complete system of things.Through the link among the three integrated course projects,knowledge of four years will be connected together and form an organic whole.We use a team performance and examination methods of the process-oriented examination,project paper and oral examination for the integrated course project in order to improve students’cooperation ability,expression ability,communication ability and other integrated quality.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830022 and 81621001)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2019YFA0508500 and 2020YFA0707800)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700242).
文摘The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)–adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthetase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway, comprising the DNA sensor cGAS, the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), and the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) adaptor protein STING, detects cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to trigger type I-interferon responses forhost defense against pathogens. Previous studies defined a model for the allosteric activation of cGAS by DNA-binding, but recentwork reveals other layers of mechanisms to regulate cGAS activation such as the phase condensation and metal ions, especially thediscovery of Mn^(2+) as a cGAS activator. Activation of the 23-cGAMP sensor STING requires translocating from the ER to the Golgiapparatus. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans at the Golgi are found to be the second STING ligand promoting STING oligomerizationand activation in addition to 23-cGAMP, while surpassed levels of 23-cGAMP induce ER-located STING to form a highly organizedER membranous condensate named STING phase-separator to restrain STING activation. Here, we summarize recent advances in theregulation of cGAS–STING activation and their implications in physiological or pathological conditions, particularly focusing on theemerging complexity of the regulation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0908200)the Emergency Project of Wenzhou(No.ZY202005)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2021007)the Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis&Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province(No.WIUCASK19006)and the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ20190034).
文摘SARS-CoV-2 has caused asevere pneumoniapandemic worldwide with high morbidity and mortality.Howto developa preclinical model for recapitulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is stil urgent and essential for the control of the pandemic.Here,we have established a 3D biomimetic alveolus-on-a-chip with mechanical strain and extracellular matrix taken into consideration.We have validated that the alveolus-on-a-chip is capable of recapitulating key physiological characteristics of human alveolar units,which lays a fundamental basis for viral infection studies at the organ level.Using virus-analogous chemicals and pseudovirus,we have explored virus pathogenesis and blocking ability of antibodies during viral infection.This work provides a favorable platform for SARS-Cov-2-related researches and has a great potential for physiology and pathophysiology studies of the human lung at the organ level in vitro.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52022043)Tsinghua University-Peking Union Medical College Hospital Initiative Scientific Research Program(20191080593)+3 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2Z-40810)Precision Medicine Foundation,Tsinghua University,China(10001020107 and 10001020120)Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine(TM201802)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Grant(17140902500).
文摘Accurate drug delivery to the lesion has been deliberated for several decades,but one important phenomenon is usually neglected that the immune system can prevent smooth transportation of nanomedicine.Although injection would reduce first-pass effect,macrophages in the blood can still recognize and phagocytose nanomedicine.Here we show that a lubricated nanocontainer,which is prepared based on polyelectrolytes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles,can accurately target muscarinic bioreceptor while escaping from the identification of macrophages.Through in vitro and in vivo studies,this nanocontainer,combining both immune escape and bioreceptor targeting,has greatly improved the drug bioavailability.Additionally,this nanocontainer shows good biocompatibility,and the targeted heart tissues and other important metabolic organs,such as liver and kidney,keep physiological structures and functions without the detection of side effects.Furthermore,the mechanism of immune escape for the developed nanocontainer has been investigated by lubrication test and molecular simulation.We anticipate that our study will establish a new perspective on the achievement of immune escape-based targeted drug delivery,which can provide a fundamental approach for the design of related biomaterials.
文摘Enlarged vestibular aqueduct(EVA)is a radiologic malformation of the inner ear most commonly seen in children with sensorineural hearing loss.Most cases of EVA with hearing loss are caused by biallelic mutations of SLC26A4.In this review,we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hearing loss with EVA due to malfunction of SLC26A4,the detection rates of SLC26A4 mutations in EVA patients from different populations,and the role of other genetic factors(eg,mutations in FOXI1 and KCNJ10)as etiologic contributors to EVA.Elucidating the molecular etiology of EVA-associated hearing loss may facilitate genetic counseling and lead to potential therapeutic strategies.
