Recently,the effectiveness of neural networks,especially convolutional neural networks,has been validated in the field of natural language processing,in which,sentiment classification for online reviews is an importan...Recently,the effectiveness of neural networks,especially convolutional neural networks,has been validated in the field of natural language processing,in which,sentiment classification for online reviews is an important and challenging task.Existing convolutional neural networks extract important features of sentences without local features or the feature sequence.Thus,these models do not perform well,especially for transition sentences.To this end,we propose a Piecewise Pooling Convolutional Neural Network(PPCNN)for sentiment classification.Firstly,with a sentence presented by word vectors,convolution operation is introduced to obtain the convolution feature map vectors.Secondly,these vectors are segmented according to the positions of transition words in sentences.Thirdly,the most significant feature of each local segment is extracted using max pooling mechanism,and then the different aspects of features can be extracted.Specifically,the relative sequence of these features is preserved.Finally,after processed by the dropout algorithm,the softmax classifier is trained for sentiment classification.Experimental results show that the proposed method PPCNN is effective and superior to other baseline methods,especially for datasets with transition sentences.展开更多
Academic evaluations such as tenure/promotion applications and society fellowship nominations rely heavily on bibliometric measures of each candidate’s research impact, including their research citations. This articl...Academic evaluations such as tenure/promotion applications and society fellowship nominations rely heavily on bibliometric measures of each candidate’s research impact, including their research citations. This article first reviews existing evaluation criteria such as the h-index and<em> q</em>-most-citations, and then proposes a weighted w-index which minimizes shortcomings in existing single-number measures. The w-index consists of three factors<span style="white-space:nowrap;">—</span>3 most cited first-author publications, 3 most cited publications as the corresponding/last author, and 3 additional most cited publications as a co-author, but does not allow double counting of these publications.展开更多
Feature selection is an active area in data mining research and development. It consists of efforts and contributions from a wide variety of communities, including statistics, machine learning, and pattern recognition...Feature selection is an active area in data mining research and development. It consists of efforts and contributions from a wide variety of communities, including statistics, machine learning, and pattern recognition. The diversity, on one hand, equips us with many methods and tools. On the other hand, the profusion of options causes confusion.This paper reviews various feature selection methods and identifies research challenges that are at the forefront of this exciting area.展开更多
Nowadays,the personalized recommendation has become a research hotspot for addressing information overload.Despite this,generating effective recommendations from sparse data remains a challenge.Recently,auxiliary info...Nowadays,the personalized recommendation has become a research hotspot for addressing information overload.Despite this,generating effective recommendations from sparse data remains a challenge.Recently,auxiliary information has been widely used to address data sparsity,but most models using auxiliary information are linear and have limited expressiveness.Due to the advantages of feature extraction and no-label requirements,autoencoder-based methods have become quite popular.However,most existing autoencoder-based methods discard the reconstruction of auxiliary information,which poses huge challenges for better representation learning and model scalability.To address these problems,we propose Serial-Autoencoder for Personalized Recommendation(SAPR),which aims to reduce the loss of critical information and enhance the learning of feature representations.Specifically,we first combine the original rating matrix and item attribute features and feed them into the first autoencoder for generating a higher-level representation of the input.Second,we use a second autoencoder to enhance the reconstruction of the data representation of the prediciton rating matrix.The output rating information is used for recommendation prediction.Extensive experiments on the MovieTweetings and MovieLens datasets have verified the effectiveness of SAPR compared to state-of-the-art models.展开更多
User profiling by inferring user personality traits,such as age and gender,plays an increasingly important role in many real-world applications.Most existing methods for user profiling either use only one type of data...User profiling by inferring user personality traits,such as age and gender,plays an increasingly important role in many real-world applications.Most existing methods for user profiling either use only one type of data or ignore handling the noisy information of data.Moreover,they usually consider this problem from only one perspective.In this paper,we propose a joint user profiling model with hierarchical attention networks(JUHA)to learn informative user representations for user profiling.Our JUHA method does user profiling based on both inner-user and inter-user features.We explore inner-user features from user behaviors(e.g.,purchased items and posted blogs),and inter-user features from a user-user graph(where similar users could be connected to each other).JUHA learns basic sentence and bag representations from multiple separate sources of data(user behaviors)as the first round of data preparation.In this module,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are introduced to capture word and sentence features of age and gender while the self-attention mechanism is exploited to weaken the noisy data.Following this,we build another bag which contains a user-user graph.Inter-user features are learned from this bag using propagation information between linked users in the graph.To acquire more robust data,inter-user features and other inner-user bag representations are joined into each sentence in the current bag to learn the final bag representation.Subsequently,all of the bag representations are integrated to lean comprehensive user representation by the self-attention mechanism.Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art methods and improves prediction performance.展开更多
The purpose of unsupervised domain adaptation is to use the knowledge of the source domain whose data distribution is different from that of the target domain for promoting the learning task in the target domain.The k...The purpose of unsupervised domain adaptation is to use the knowledge of the source domain whose data distribution is different from that of the target domain for promoting the learning task in the target domain.The key bottleneck in unsupervised domain adaptation is how to obtain higher-level and more abstract feature representations between source and target domains which can bridge the chasm of domain discrepancy.Recently,deep learning methods based on autoencoder have achieved sound performance in representation learning,and many dual or serial autoencoderbased methods take different characteristics of data into consideration for improving the effectiveness of unsupervised domain adaptation.However,most existing methods of autoencoders just serially connect the features generated by different autoencoders,which pose challenges for the discriminative representation learning and fail to find the real cross-domain features.To address this problem,we propose a novel representation learning method based on an integrated autoencoders for unsupervised domain adaptation,called IAUDA.To capture the inter-and inner-domain features of the raw data,two different autoencoders,which are the marginalized autoencoder with maximum mean discrepancy(mAE)and convolutional autoencoder(CAE)respectively,are proposed to learn different feature representations.After higher-level features are obtained by these two different autoencoders,a sparse autoencoder is introduced to compact these inter-and inner-domain representations.In addition,a whitening layer is embedded for features processed before the mAE to reduce redundant features inside a local area.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art baseline methods.展开更多
Unsupervised text simplification has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of high-quality parallel text simplification corpora. Recent an unsupervised statistical text simplification based on phrase-based mach...Unsupervised text simplification has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of high-quality parallel text simplification corpora. Recent an unsupervised statistical text simplification based on phrase-based machine translation system (UnsupPBMT) achieved good performance, which initializes the phrase tables using the similar words obtained by word embedding modeling. Since word embedding modeling only considers the relevance between words, the phrase table in UnsupPBMT contains a lot of dissimilar words. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised statistical text simplification using pre-trained language modeling BERT for initialization. Specifically, we use BERT as a general linguistic knowledge base for predicting similar words. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised text simplification methods on three benchmarks, even outperforms some supervised baselines.展开更多
Spreadsheets contain a lot of valuable data and have many practical applications.The key technology of these practical applications is how to make machines understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets,e.g.,identi...Spreadsheets contain a lot of valuable data and have many practical applications.The key technology of these practical applications is how to make machines understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets,e.g.,identifying cell function types and discovering relationships between cell pairs.Most existing methods for understanding the semantic structure of spreadsheets do not make use of the semantic information of cells.A few studies do,but they ignore the layout structure information of spreadsheets,which affects the performance of cell function classification and the discovery of different relationship types of cell pairs.In this paper,we propose a Heuristic algorithm for Understanding the Semantic Structure of spreadsheets(HUSS).Specifically,for improving the cell function classification,we propose an error correction mechanism(ECM)based on an existing cell function classification model[11]and the layout features of spreadsheets.For improving the table structure analysis,we propose five types of heuristic rules to extract four different types of cell pairs,based on the cell style and spatial location information.Our experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate that HUSS can effectively understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets and outperforms corresponding baselines.展开更多
Contents, layout styles, and parse structures of web news pages differ greatly from one page to another. In addition, the layout style and the parse structure of a web news page may change from time to time. For these...Contents, layout styles, and parse structures of web news pages differ greatly from one page to another. In addition, the layout style and the parse structure of a web news page may change from time to time. For these reasons, how to design features with excellent extraction performances for massive and heterogeneous web news pages is a challenging issue. Our extensive case studies indicate that there is potential relevancy between web content layouts and their tag paths. Inspired by the observation, we design a series of tag path extraction features to extract web news. Because each feature has its own strength, we fuse all those features with the DS （Dempster-Shafer） evidence theory, and then design a content extraction method CEDS. Experimental results on both CleanEval datasets and web news pages selected randomly from well-known websites show that the Fl-score with CEDS is 8.08% and 3.08% higher than existing popular content extraction methods CETR and CEPR-TPR respectively.展开更多
In the era of big data, the dimensionality of data is increasing dramatically in many domains. To deal with high dimensionality, online feature selection becomes critical in big data mining. Recently, online selection...In the era of big data, the dimensionality of data is increasing dramatically in many domains. To deal with high dimensionality, online feature selection becomes critical in big data mining. Recently, online selection of dynamic features has received much attention. In situations where features arrive sequentially over time, we need to perform online feature selection upon feature arrivals. Meanwhile, considering grouped features, it is necessary to deal with features arriving by groups. To handle these challenges, some state-of- the-art methods for online feature selection have been proposed. In this paper, we first give a brief review of traditional feature selection approaches. Then we discuss specific problems of online feature selection with feature streams in detail. A comprehensive review of existing online feature selection methods is presented by comparing with each other. Finally, we discuss several open issues in online feature selection.展开更多
In recent years, the bionic polarized light compass has been widely studied for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. However, it is found from the obtained investigation results that a polarized light compass with ...In recent years, the bionic polarized light compass has been widely studied for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. However, it is found from the obtained investigation results that a polarized light compass with a sensitive and high dynamic range polarimeter still provides inferior output precision of the heading angle due to the presence of the noise generating from the compass.The noise is existed not only in the angle of the polarization image acquired by polarimeters but also in the output heading data, which leads to a sharp reduction in the accuracy of a polarized light compass. Herein, we present noise analysis and a novel multiscale transform denoising method of a polarized light compass used for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. Specifically, a multiscale principle component analysis utilizing one-dimensional image entropy as classification criterion is directly implemented to suppress the noise in the acquired polarization image. Subsequently, a multiscale time–frequency peak filtering method using the sample entropy as classification criterion is applied for the output heading data so as to further increase the heading measurement accuracy from the denoised image above. These two approaches are combined to significantly reduce the heading error affected by different types of noises. Our experimental results indicate the proposed multiscale transform denoising method exhibits high performance in suppressing the noise of a polarized light compass used for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation compared to existing prior arts.展开更多
As from time to time it is impractical to ask agents to provide linear orders over all alternatives,for these partial rankings it is necessary to conduct preference completion.Specifically,the personalized preference ...As from time to time it is impractical to ask agents to provide linear orders over all alternatives,for these partial rankings it is necessary to conduct preference completion.Specifically,the personalized preference of each agent over all the alternatives can be estimated with partial rankings from neighboring agents over subsets of alternatives.However,since the agents’rankings are nondeterministic,where they may provide rankings with noise,it is necessary and important to conduct the certainty-based preference completion.Hence,in this paper firstly,for alternative pairs with the obtained ranking set,a bijection has been built from the ranking space to the preference space,and the certainty and conflict of alternative pairs have been evaluated with a well-built statistical measurement Probability-Certainty Density Function on subjective probability,respectively.Then,a certainty-based voting algorithm based on certainty and conflict has been taken to conduct the certainty-based preference completion.Moreover,the properties of the proposed certainty and conflict have been studied empirically,and the proposed approach on certainty-based preference completion for partial rankings has been experimentally validated compared to state-of-arts approaches with several datasets.展开更多
基金This work is supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under grants(61503112,61673152 and 61503116).
文摘Recently,the effectiveness of neural networks,especially convolutional neural networks,has been validated in the field of natural language processing,in which,sentiment classification for online reviews is an important and challenging task.Existing convolutional neural networks extract important features of sentences without local features or the feature sequence.Thus,these models do not perform well,especially for transition sentences.To this end,we propose a Piecewise Pooling Convolutional Neural Network(PPCNN)for sentiment classification.Firstly,with a sentence presented by word vectors,convolution operation is introduced to obtain the convolution feature map vectors.Secondly,these vectors are segmented according to the positions of transition words in sentences.Thirdly,the most significant feature of each local segment is extracted using max pooling mechanism,and then the different aspects of features can be extracted.Specifically,the relative sequence of these features is preserved.Finally,after processed by the dropout algorithm,the softmax classifier is trained for sentiment classification.Experimental results show that the proposed method PPCNN is effective and superior to other baseline methods,especially for datasets with transition sentences.
文摘Academic evaluations such as tenure/promotion applications and society fellowship nominations rely heavily on bibliometric measures of each candidate’s research impact, including their research citations. This article first reviews existing evaluation criteria such as the h-index and<em> q</em>-most-citations, and then proposes a weighted w-index which minimizes shortcomings in existing single-number measures. The w-index consists of three factors<span style="white-space:nowrap;">—</span>3 most cited first-author publications, 3 most cited publications as the corresponding/last author, and 3 additional most cited publications as a co-author, but does not allow double counting of these publications.
文摘Feature selection is an active area in data mining research and development. It consists of efforts and contributions from a wide variety of communities, including statistics, machine learning, and pattern recognition. The diversity, on one hand, equips us with many methods and tools. On the other hand, the profusion of options causes confusion.This paper reviews various feature selection methods and identifies research challenges that are at the forefront of this exciting area.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61906060,62076217,and 62120106008)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0801406)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.20KJB520007).
文摘Nowadays,the personalized recommendation has become a research hotspot for addressing information overload.Despite this,generating effective recommendations from sparse data remains a challenge.Recently,auxiliary information has been widely used to address data sparsity,but most models using auxiliary information are linear and have limited expressiveness.Due to the advantages of feature extraction and no-label requirements,autoencoder-based methods have become quite popular.However,most existing autoencoder-based methods discard the reconstruction of auxiliary information,which poses huge challenges for better representation learning and model scalability.To address these problems,we propose Serial-Autoencoder for Personalized Recommendation(SAPR),which aims to reduce the loss of critical information and enhance the learning of feature representations.Specifically,we first combine the original rating matrix and item attribute features and feed them into the first autoencoder for generating a higher-level representation of the input.Second,we use a second autoencoder to enhance the reconstruction of the data representation of the prediciton rating matrix.The output rating information is used for recommendation prediction.Extensive experiments on the MovieTweetings and MovieLens datasets have verified the effectiveness of SAPR compared to state-of-the-art models.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB1000901)Innovative Research Team in University of the Ministry of Education(IRT17R32)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91746209 and 61906060)。
文摘User profiling by inferring user personality traits,such as age and gender,plays an increasingly important role in many real-world applications.Most existing methods for user profiling either use only one type of data or ignore handling the noisy information of data.Moreover,they usually consider this problem from only one perspective.In this paper,we propose a joint user profiling model with hierarchical attention networks(JUHA)to learn informative user representations for user profiling.Our JUHA method does user profiling based on both inner-user and inter-user features.We explore inner-user features from user behaviors(e.g.,purchased items and posted blogs),and inter-user features from a user-user graph(where similar users could be connected to each other).JUHA learns basic sentence and bag representations from multiple separate sources of data(user behaviors)as the first round of data preparation.In this module,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are introduced to capture word and sentence features of age and gender while the self-attention mechanism is exploited to weaken the noisy data.Following this,we build another bag which contains a user-user graph.Inter-user features are learned from this bag using propagation information between linked users in the graph.To acquire more robust data,inter-user features and other inner-user bag representations are joined into each sentence in the current bag to learn the final bag representation.Subsequently,all of the bag representations are integrated to lean comprehensive user representation by the self-attention mechanism.Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art methods and improves prediction performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61906060,62076217,62120106008)the Yangzhou University Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Animal Husbandry Discipline of Targeted Support(yzuxk202015)+1 种基金the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Huizhou Architecture in Anhui Province(HPJZ-2020-02)the Open Project Program of Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and AgriProduct Safety(JILAR-KF202104).
文摘The purpose of unsupervised domain adaptation is to use the knowledge of the source domain whose data distribution is different from that of the target domain for promoting the learning task in the target domain.The key bottleneck in unsupervised domain adaptation is how to obtain higher-level and more abstract feature representations between source and target domains which can bridge the chasm of domain discrepancy.Recently,deep learning methods based on autoencoder have achieved sound performance in representation learning,and many dual or serial autoencoderbased methods take different characteristics of data into consideration for improving the effectiveness of unsupervised domain adaptation.However,most existing methods of autoencoders just serially connect the features generated by different autoencoders,which pose challenges for the discriminative representation learning and fail to find the real cross-domain features.To address this problem,we propose a novel representation learning method based on an integrated autoencoders for unsupervised domain adaptation,called IAUDA.To capture the inter-and inner-domain features of the raw data,two different autoencoders,which are the marginalized autoencoder with maximum mean discrepancy(mAE)and convolutional autoencoder(CAE)respectively,are proposed to learn different feature representations.After higher-level features are obtained by these two different autoencoders,a sparse autoencoder is introduced to compact these inter-and inner-domain representations.In addition,a whitening layer is embedded for features processed before the mAE to reduce redundant features inside a local area.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art baseline methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62076217 and 61906060)and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT)of the Ministry of Education,China(IRT17R32).
文摘Unsupervised text simplification has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of high-quality parallel text simplification corpora. Recent an unsupervised statistical text simplification based on phrase-based machine translation system (UnsupPBMT) achieved good performance, which initializes the phrase tables using the similar words obtained by word embedding modeling. Since word embedding modeling only considers the relevance between words, the phrase table in UnsupPBMT contains a lot of dissimilar words. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised statistical text simplification using pre-trained language modeling BERT for initialization. Specifically, we use BERT as a general linguistic knowledge base for predicting similar words. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised text simplification methods on three benchmarks, even outperforms some supervised baselines.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants(Nos.62120106008,61806065,61906059,62076085,91746209 and 62076087)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JZ2020HGQA0186).
文摘Spreadsheets contain a lot of valuable data and have many practical applications.The key technology of these practical applications is how to make machines understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets,e.g.,identifying cell function types and discovering relationships between cell pairs.Most existing methods for understanding the semantic structure of spreadsheets do not make use of the semantic information of cells.A few studies do,but they ignore the layout structure information of spreadsheets,which affects the performance of cell function classification and the discovery of different relationship types of cell pairs.In this paper,we propose a Heuristic algorithm for Understanding the Semantic Structure of spreadsheets(HUSS).Specifically,for improving the cell function classification,we propose an error correction mechanism(ECM)based on an existing cell function classification model[11]and the layout features of spreadsheets.For improving the table structure analysis,we propose five types of heuristic rules to extract four different types of cell pairs,based on the cell style and spatial location information.Our experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate that HUSS can effectively understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets and outperforms corresponding baselines.
基金It was supported by the National Basic Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2013CB329604, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （PCSIRT） of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No. IRT13059, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61273297, 61229301 and 61503114.
文摘Contents, layout styles, and parse structures of web news pages differ greatly from one page to another. In addition, the layout style and the parse structure of a web news page may change from time to time. For these reasons, how to design features with excellent extraction performances for massive and heterogeneous web news pages is a challenging issue. Our extensive case studies indicate that there is potential relevancy between web content layouts and their tag paths. Inspired by the observation, we design a series of tag path extraction features to extract web news. Because each feature has its own strength, we fuse all those features with the DS （Dempster-Shafer） evidence theory, and then design a content extraction method CEDS. Experimental results on both CleanEval datasets and web news pages selected randomly from well-known websites show that the Fl-score with CEDS is 8.08% and 3.08% higher than existing popular content extraction methods CETR and CEPR-TPR respectively.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2016YFB 1000901）, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （PCSIRT） of the Ministry of Education, China （IRT13059）, the National Basic Research Program （973 Program） of China （2013CB329604）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （20130111110011）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61273292, 61229301, 61503112, 61673152）.
文摘In the era of big data, the dimensionality of data is increasing dramatically in many domains. To deal with high dimensionality, online feature selection becomes critical in big data mining. Recently, online selection of dynamic features has received much attention. In situations where features arrive sequentially over time, we need to perform online feature selection upon feature arrivals. Meanwhile, considering grouped features, it is necessary to deal with features arriving by groups. To handle these challenges, some state-of- the-art methods for online feature selection have been proposed. In this paper, we first give a brief review of traditional feature selection approaches. Then we discuss specific problems of online feature selection with feature streams in detail. A comprehensive review of existing online feature selection methods is presented by comparing with each other. Finally, we discuss several open issues in online feature selection.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61973281)The Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51821003)+4 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2018ZCU0002)the Program for the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of ShanxiShanxi Postgraduate Innovation Project,China(No.2020BY102)the Young Academic Leaders Foundation in North University of Chinathe Fund for Shanxi‘‘1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction。
文摘In recent years, the bionic polarized light compass has been widely studied for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. However, it is found from the obtained investigation results that a polarized light compass with a sensitive and high dynamic range polarimeter still provides inferior output precision of the heading angle due to the presence of the noise generating from the compass.The noise is existed not only in the angle of the polarization image acquired by polarimeters but also in the output heading data, which leads to a sharp reduction in the accuracy of a polarized light compass. Herein, we present noise analysis and a novel multiscale transform denoising method of a polarized light compass used for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation. Specifically, a multiscale principle component analysis utilizing one-dimensional image entropy as classification criterion is directly implemented to suppress the noise in the acquired polarization image. Subsequently, a multiscale time–frequency peak filtering method using the sample entropy as classification criterion is applied for the output heading data so as to further increase the heading measurement accuracy from the denoised image above. These two approaches are combined to significantly reduce the heading error affected by different types of noises. Our experimental results indicate the proposed multiscale transform denoising method exhibits high performance in suppressing the noise of a polarized light compass used for the unmanned aerial vehicle navigation compared to existing prior arts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62076087,No.61906059&No.62120106008)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT)of the Ministry of Education of China under grant IRT17R32
文摘As from time to time it is impractical to ask agents to provide linear orders over all alternatives,for these partial rankings it is necessary to conduct preference completion.Specifically,the personalized preference of each agent over all the alternatives can be estimated with partial rankings from neighboring agents over subsets of alternatives.However,since the agents’rankings are nondeterministic,where they may provide rankings with noise,it is necessary and important to conduct the certainty-based preference completion.Hence,in this paper firstly,for alternative pairs with the obtained ranking set,a bijection has been built from the ranking space to the preference space,and the certainty and conflict of alternative pairs have been evaluated with a well-built statistical measurement Probability-Certainty Density Function on subjective probability,respectively.Then,a certainty-based voting algorithm based on certainty and conflict has been taken to conduct the certainty-based preference completion.Moreover,the properties of the proposed certainty and conflict have been studied empirically,and the proposed approach on certainty-based preference completion for partial rankings has been experimentally validated compared to state-of-arts approaches with several datasets.
