Reducing the aerodynamic drag and noise levels of high-speed pantographs is important for promoting environmentally friendly,energy efficient and rapid advances in train technology.Using computational fluid dynamics t...Reducing the aerodynamic drag and noise levels of high-speed pantographs is important for promoting environmentally friendly,energy efficient and rapid advances in train technology.Using computational fluid dynamics theory and the K-FWH acoustic equation,a numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed pantographs.A component optimization method is proposed as a possible solution to the problemof aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs.The results of the study indicate that the panhead,base and insulator are the main contributors to aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs.Therefore,a gradual optimization process is implemented to improve the most significant components that cause aerodynamic drag and noise.By optimizing the cross-sectional shape of the strips and insulators,the drag and noise caused by airflow separation and vortex shedding can be reduced.The aerodynamic drag of insulator with circular cross section and strips with rectangular cross section is the largest.Ellipsifying insulators and optimizing the chamfer angle and height of the windward surface of the strips can improve the aerodynamic performance of the pantograph.In addition,the streamlined fairing attached to the base can eliminate the complex flow and shield the radiated noise.In contrast to the original pantograph design,the improved pantograph shows a 21.1%reduction in aerodynamic drag and a 1.65 dBA reduction in aerodynamic noise.展开更多
Background Atresia and degeneration,a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis,have been induced by dozens of miRNAs.Here,we report a miRNA,miR-423,th...Background Atresia and degeneration,a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis,have been induced by dozens of miRNAs.Here,we report a miRNA,miR-423,that inhibits the initiation of follicular atresia(FA),and early apoptosis of GCs.Results We showed that miR-423 was down-regulated during sow FA,and its levels in follicles were negatively correlated with the GC density and the P4/E2 ratio in the follicular fluid in vivo.The in vitro gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-423 suppresses cell apoptosis,especially early apoptosis in GCs.Mechanically speaking,the miR-423 targets and interacts with the 3’-UTR of the porcine SMAD7 gene,which encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor in GCs,and represses its expression and pro-apoptotic function.Interestingly,FA and the GC apoptosis-related lncRNA NORHA was demonstrated as a ceRNA of miR-423.Additionally,we showed that a single base deletion/insertion in the miR-423 promoter is significantly associated with the number of stillbirths(NSB)trait of sows.Conclusion These results demonstrate that miR-423 is a small molecule for inhibiting FA initiation and GC early apoptosis,suggesting that treating with miR-423 may be a novel approach for inhibiting FA initiation and improving female fertility.展开更多
AIM To compare the outcomes between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)therapy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and typeⅠhiatal hernia diagnosed by oropharyngeal p H-m...AIM To compare the outcomes between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)therapy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and typeⅠhiatal hernia diagnosed by oropharyngeal p H-monitoring and symptom-scale assessment.METHODS From February 2014 to January 2015,70 patients who were diagnosed with LPR and type I hiatal hernia and referred for symptomatic assessment,oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study.All of the patients met the inclusion criteria.All of the patients underwent LNF or PPIs administration,and completed a2-year follow-up.Patients’baseline characteristics and primary outcome measures,including comprehensive and single symptoms of LPR,PPIs independence,and satisfaction,and postoperative complications were assessed.The outcomes of LNF and PPIs therapy were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There were 31 patients in the LNF group and 39patients in the PPI group.Fifty-three patients(25 in the LNF group and 28 in the PPI group)completed reviews and follow-up.Oropharyngeal p H-monitoring parameters were all abnormal with high acid exposure,a large amount of reflux,and a high Ryan score,associated reflux symptom index(RSI)score.There was a significant improvement in the RSI and LPR symptom scores after the 2-year follow-up in both groups(P<0.05),as well as typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.Improvement in the RSI(P<0.005)and symptom scores of cough(P=0.032),mucus(P=0.011),and throat clearing(P=0.022)was significantly superior in the LNF group to that in the PPI group.After LNF and PPIs therapy,13 and 53 patients achieved independence from PPIs therapy(LNF:44.0%vs PPI:7.14%,P<0.001)during follow-up,respectively.Patients in the LNF group were more satisfied with their quality of life than those in the PPI group(LNF:62.49±28.68 vs PPI:44.36±32.77,P=0.004).Body mass index was significantly lower in the LNF group than in the PPI group(LNF:22.2±3.1kg/m^2 vs PPI:25.1±2.9 kg/m^2,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diagnosis of LPR should be assessed with oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and the symptom-scale.LNF achieves better improvement than PPIs for LPR with type I hiatal hernia.展开更多
Background:Follicular atresia has been shown to be strongly associated with a low follicle utilization rate and female infertility,which are regulated by many factors such as microRNAs(miRNAs),which constitute a class...Background:Follicular atresia has been shown to be strongly associated with a low follicle utilization rate and female infertility,which are regulated by many factors such as microRNAs(miRNAs),which constitute a class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs).However,little is known about long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),which constitute another ncRNA family that regulate follicular atresia.Results:A total of 77 differentially expressed lncRNAs,including 67 upregulated and 10 downregulated lncRNAs,were identified in early atretic follicles compared to healthy follicles by RNA-Sequencing.We characterized a noncoding RNA that was highly expressed in atretic follicles(NORHA).As an intergenic lncRNA,NORHA was one of the upregulated lncRNAs identified in the atretic follicles.To determine NORHA function,RT-PCR,flow cytometry and western blotting were performed,and the results showed that NORHA was involved in follicular atresia by influencing GC apoptosis with or without oxidative stress.To determine the mechanism of action,bioinformatics analysis,luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed,and the results showed that NORHA acted as a‘sponge’,that directly bound to the miR-183-96-182 cluster,and thus prevented its targeted inhibition of FoxO1,a major sensor and effector of oxidative stress.Conclusions:We provide a comprehensive perspective of lncRNA regulation of follicular atresia,and demonstrate that NORHA,a novel lncRNA related to follicular atresia,induces GC apoptosis by influencing the activities of the miR-183-96-182 cluster and FoxO1 axis.展开更多
Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the t...Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the top of TiO_2 nanorod arrays film(TNAF). In this case, TNAF could supply efficient scattering centers for high light harvesting and direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer while the THPF could offer porous channels for loading high quantity of previously synthetized quantum dots(QDs) and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this specific configuration, the presence of anatase–rutile heterojunction at the interface could help the rutile TNAF layer to efficiently collect photo-injected electrons from the anatase THPF layer thus suppressing the recombination of electrons and holes in electrolyte. The results showed that the PCE of QDSSC based on the TNAF photoanode was about 1.4-fold higher(η = 3.05%, J_(sc)= 15.86 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.602 V, FF = 0.319) than that of device based on pure THPF(η = 2.20%, J_(sc)= 13.82 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.572 V, FF = 0.278).展开更多
Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)is a risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKDs)that affects about 85%CKD patients.HHcy stimulates B cells to secrete pathological antibodies,although it is unknown whether this pathway med...Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)is a risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKDs)that affects about 85%CKD patients.HHcy stimulates B cells to secrete pathological antibodies,although it is unknown whether this pathway mediates kidney injury.In HHcytreated 2-kidney,1-clip(2K1C)hypertensive murine model,HHcy-activated B cells secreted anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I(β2GPI)antibodies that deposited in glomerular endothelial cells(GECs),exacerbating glomerulosclerosis and reducing renal function.Mechanistically,HHcy 2K1C mice increased phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)(18:0/20:4,18:0/22:6,16:0/20:4)in kidney tissue,as determined by lipidomics.GECs oxidative lipidomics validated the increase of oxidized phospholipids upon Hcy-activated B cells culture medium(Hcy-B CM)treatment,including PE(18:0/20:4+3[O],PE(18:0a/22:4+1[O],PE(18:0/22:4+2[O]and PE(18:0/22:4+3[O]).PE synthases ethanolamine kinase 2(etnk2)and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2(pcyt2)were increased in the kidney GECs of HHcy 2K1C mice and facilitated polyunsaturated PE synthesis to act as lipid peroxidation substrates.In HHcy 2K1C mice and Hcy-B CM-treated GECs,the oxidative environment induced by iron accumulation and the insufficient clearance of lipid peroxides caused by transferrin receptor(TFR)elevation and down-regulation of SLC7A11/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)contributed to GECs ferroptosis of the kidneys.In vivo,pharmacological depletion of B cells or inhibition of ferroptosis mitigated the HHcy-aggravated hypertensive renal injury.Consequently,our findings uncovered a novel mechanism by which B cell-derived pathogenic anti-β2GPI IgG generated by HHcy exacerbated hypertensive kidney damage by inducing GECs ferroptosis.Targeting B cells or ferroptosis may be viable therapeutic strategies for ameliorating lipid peroxidative renal injury in HHcy patients with hypertensive nephropathy.展开更多
Breast cancer is one of the most malignant tumors and is associated with high mortality rates among women.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)is an extract from the fruits of the traditional Chinese herb,L.barbarum.LBP...Breast cancer is one of the most malignant tumors and is associated with high mortality rates among women.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)is an extract from the fruits of the traditional Chinese herb,L.barbarum.LBP is a promising anticancer drug,due to its high activity and low toxicity.Although it has anticancer properties,its mechanisms of action have not been fully established.Ferroptosis,which is a novel anticancer strategy,is a cell death mechanism that relies on iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In this study,human breast cancer cells(Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7)and MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231(MDA-MB-231))were treated with LBP.LBP inhibited their viability and proliferation in association with high levels of ferroptosis.Therefore,we aimed to ascertain whether LBP reduced cell viability through ferroptosis.We found that the structure and function of mitochondria,lipid peroxidation,and expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7 A11,also known as x CT,the light-chain subunit of cystine/glutamate antiporter system X_(c)^(-))and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were altered by LBP.Moreover,the ferroptosis inhibitor,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),rescued LBP-induced ferroptosis-associated events including reduced cell viability and glutathione(GSH)production,accumulation of intracellular free divalent iron ions and malondialdehyde(MDA),and down-regulation of the expression of x CT and GPX4.Erastin(x CT inhibitor)and RSL3(GPX4 inhibitor)inhibited the expression of x CT and GPX4,respectively,which was lower after the co-treatment of LBP with Erastin and RSL3.These results suggest that LBP effectively prevents breast cancer cell proliferation and promotes ferroptosis via the x CT/GPX4 pathway.Therefore,LBP exhibits novel anticancer properties by triggering ferroptosis,and may be a potential therapeutic option for breast cancer.展开更多
B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)is an important antiapoptotic gene that plays a dual role in the maintenance of the dynamic balance between the survival and death of cancer cells.In our previous study,Bcl-2 was shown to delay...B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)is an important antiapoptotic gene that plays a dual role in the maintenance of the dynamic balance between the survival and death of cancer cells.In our previous study,Bcl-2 was shown to delay the G0/G1 to S phase entry by regulating the mitochondrial metabolic pathways to produce lower levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,the detailed molecular mechanisms or pathways by which Bcl-2 regulates the cell cycle remain unknown.Here,we compared the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression with an empty vector control in the NIH3T3 cell line synchronized by serum starvation,and evaluated the effects using proteomic analysis.The effect of Bcl-2 on cell cycle regulation was detected by monitoring Bcl-2 and p27 expression.The result of subsequent proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells identified 169 upregulated and 120 downregulated proteins with a 1.5-fold change.These differentially expressed proteins were enriched in a number of signaling pathways predominantly involving the ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation,according to the data of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.These results indicated that Bcl-2 potentially acts at the translation level to influence proteins or enzymes of the respiratory chain or in the ribosome,and thereby regulates the cell cycle.Additionally,differentially expressed proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were determined to account for most of the effects of Bcl-2 on the cell cycle mediated by the mitochondrial pathway investigated in our previous study.These results can provide assistance for additional in-depth studies on the regulation of the cell cycle by Bcl-2.The results of the proteomic analysis determined the mechanism of Bcl-2-dependent delay of the cell cycle progression.In summary,the results of this study provide a novel mechanistic basis for identifying the key proteins or pathways for designing and developing precisely targeted cancer drugs.展开更多
Dear Editor Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of death around the world(Truelsen,et al.,2015).Atherosclerosis,the dominant underlying cause of CVD,is a chronic inflam-matory disease characterized by lipi...Dear Editor Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of death around the world(Truelsen,et al.,2015).Atherosclerosis,the dominant underlying cause of CVD,is a chronic inflam-matory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell infiltration in plaques and vessels(Weber,et al.,1950).The immune microenvironment is critical for the development of atherosclerosis.Homocysteine(Hcy)is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism,and its ele-vation in plasma(>15μmol/L),known as hyperhomocys-teinemia(HHcy),is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.HHcy is more common in Asia because of genetic factors and dietary habits(Huo,et al.,2015).folic acid supplement is one of the most important way to treat HHcy in clinic.Although HHcy potentiates atherosclerosis mainly through endothelial injury and inflammatory activa-tion(Luo,et al.,2016),a comprehensive understanding of the immune microenvironment and potential mechanisms in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerotic aortas(HHcy-AA)is still lacking.展开更多
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour,and the metastasis of osteosarcoma is an important cause of death.Evidence has shown that the mevalonate pathway is highly activated and is expected to be a new ta...Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour,and the metastasis of osteosarcoma is an important cause of death.Evidence has shown that the mevalonate pathway is highly activated and is expected to be a new target for tumour therapy.In this study,we investigated the effect of mevalonate signalling on osteosarcoma metastasis and its molecular mechanism.First,we found that the key rate-limiting enzyme of mevalonate signalling,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGCR),was highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells,and inhibition of HMGCR with simvastatin significantly inhibited the motility of 143B cells.Next,we found that YAP1 activity was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma cells and that YAP1 knockdown inhibited the motility of 143B cells.We also found that the mevalonate pathway regulated the motility of 143B cells by modulating YAP1 phosphorylation and cellular localization.Moreover,we found that the activity of YAP1 was regulated by the mevalonate pathway by modulating the cell membrane localization of RhoA.Finally,we demonstrated that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway notably reduced the lung metastasis of 143B cells,as reflected by the decreased incidence and number of metastatic nodules and the increased survival time of the nude mice.Taken together,our findings suggest that the mevalonate pathway can promote the metastasis of osteosarcoma by activating YAP1 via RhoA.Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma metastasis.展开更多
Fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires modified SiO_2@C composites with a bio-inspired hierarchical porous structure and a high accessible surface area were prepared by in situ molten salt template method.The combination of bioge...Fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires modified SiO_2@C composites with a bio-inspired hierarchical porous structure and a high accessible surface area were prepared by in situ molten salt template method.The combination of biogenic hierarchical porous structure and one-dimensional nanostructure with similar features was successfully obtained by one-pot heat treatment in the presence of rice husk SiO_2 with SiO_2 acting as precursor and ZnCl_2 acting as molten salt and growth template.A large amount of fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires with numerous tiny branches sprouting from the central nanowires were grown in the inter-porous epidermis and on the surface of rice husk SiO_2 for temperatures up to 1200 °C.The in situ ZnCl_2 molten salt template base-growth mechanism is responsible for the initial formation of SiO_2/ZnCl_2 co-melting nanowires and the subsequent growth of fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires.The as-prepared samples have been successfully employed as organic absorbers with high efficiency in the field of wastewater treatment.展开更多
This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and s...This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372049)Science and Technology Program of China National Accreditation Service for Confor-mity Assessment(2022CNAS15)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023JDRC0062)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System(2023TPL-T06).
文摘Reducing the aerodynamic drag and noise levels of high-speed pantographs is important for promoting environmentally friendly,energy efficient and rapid advances in train technology.Using computational fluid dynamics theory and the K-FWH acoustic equation,a numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed pantographs.A component optimization method is proposed as a possible solution to the problemof aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs.The results of the study indicate that the panhead,base and insulator are the main contributors to aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs.Therefore,a gradual optimization process is implemented to improve the most significant components that cause aerodynamic drag and noise.By optimizing the cross-sectional shape of the strips and insulators,the drag and noise caused by airflow separation and vortex shedding can be reduced.The aerodynamic drag of insulator with circular cross section and strips with rectangular cross section is the largest.Ellipsifying insulators and optimizing the chamfer angle and height of the windward surface of the strips can improve the aerodynamic performance of the pantograph.In addition,the streamlined fairing attached to the base can eliminate the complex flow and shield the radiated noise.In contrast to the original pantograph design,the improved pantograph shows a 21.1%reduction in aerodynamic drag and a 1.65 dBA reduction in aerodynamic noise.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1600903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072693)the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(202110307028).
文摘Background Atresia and degeneration,a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell(GC)apoptosis,have been induced by dozens of miRNAs.Here,we report a miRNA,miR-423,that inhibits the initiation of follicular atresia(FA),and early apoptosis of GCs.Results We showed that miR-423 was down-regulated during sow FA,and its levels in follicles were negatively correlated with the GC density and the P4/E2 ratio in the follicular fluid in vivo.The in vitro gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-423 suppresses cell apoptosis,especially early apoptosis in GCs.Mechanically speaking,the miR-423 targets and interacts with the 3’-UTR of the porcine SMAD7 gene,which encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor in GCs,and represses its expression and pro-apoptotic function.Interestingly,FA and the GC apoptosis-related lncRNA NORHA was demonstrated as a ceRNA of miR-423.Additionally,we showed that a single base deletion/insertion in the miR-423 promoter is significantly associated with the number of stillbirths(NSB)trait of sows.Conclusion These results demonstrate that miR-423 is a small molecule for inhibiting FA initiation and GC early apoptosis,suggesting that treating with miR-423 may be a novel approach for inhibiting FA initiation and improving female fertility.
文摘AIM To compare the outcomes between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)therapy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and typeⅠhiatal hernia diagnosed by oropharyngeal p H-monitoring and symptom-scale assessment.METHODS From February 2014 to January 2015,70 patients who were diagnosed with LPR and type I hiatal hernia and referred for symptomatic assessment,oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study.All of the patients met the inclusion criteria.All of the patients underwent LNF or PPIs administration,and completed a2-year follow-up.Patients’baseline characteristics and primary outcome measures,including comprehensive and single symptoms of LPR,PPIs independence,and satisfaction,and postoperative complications were assessed.The outcomes of LNF and PPIs therapy were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There were 31 patients in the LNF group and 39patients in the PPI group.Fifty-three patients(25 in the LNF group and 28 in the PPI group)completed reviews and follow-up.Oropharyngeal p H-monitoring parameters were all abnormal with high acid exposure,a large amount of reflux,and a high Ryan score,associated reflux symptom index(RSI)score.There was a significant improvement in the RSI and LPR symptom scores after the 2-year follow-up in both groups(P<0.05),as well as typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.Improvement in the RSI(P<0.005)and symptom scores of cough(P=0.032),mucus(P=0.011),and throat clearing(P=0.022)was significantly superior in the LNF group to that in the PPI group.After LNF and PPIs therapy,13 and 53 patients achieved independence from PPIs therapy(LNF:44.0%vs PPI:7.14%,P<0.001)during follow-up,respectively.Patients in the LNF group were more satisfied with their quality of life than those in the PPI group(LNF:62.49±28.68 vs PPI:44.36±32.77,P=0.004).Body mass index was significantly lower in the LNF group than in the PPI group(LNF:22.2±3.1kg/m^2 vs PPI:25.1±2.9 kg/m^2,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diagnosis of LPR should be assessed with oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and the symptom-scale.LNF achieves better improvement than PPIs for LPR with type I hiatal hernia.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072693 and 31630072)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(2020).
文摘Background:Follicular atresia has been shown to be strongly associated with a low follicle utilization rate and female infertility,which are regulated by many factors such as microRNAs(miRNAs),which constitute a class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs).However,little is known about long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),which constitute another ncRNA family that regulate follicular atresia.Results:A total of 77 differentially expressed lncRNAs,including 67 upregulated and 10 downregulated lncRNAs,were identified in early atretic follicles compared to healthy follicles by RNA-Sequencing.We characterized a noncoding RNA that was highly expressed in atretic follicles(NORHA).As an intergenic lncRNA,NORHA was one of the upregulated lncRNAs identified in the atretic follicles.To determine NORHA function,RT-PCR,flow cytometry and western blotting were performed,and the results showed that NORHA was involved in follicular atresia by influencing GC apoptosis with or without oxidative stress.To determine the mechanism of action,bioinformatics analysis,luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed,and the results showed that NORHA acted as a‘sponge’,that directly bound to the miR-183-96-182 cluster,and thus prevented its targeted inhibition of FoxO1,a major sensor and effector of oxidative stress.Conclusions:We provide a comprehensive perspective of lncRNA regulation of follicular atresia,and demonstrate that NORHA,a novel lncRNA related to follicular atresia,induces GC apoptosis by influencing the activities of the miR-183-96-182 cluster and FoxO1 axis.
基金financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M572210,2016M602376)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61604110)+1 种基金the Hubei Natural Science Foundation of China(2017CFB291)the Foundation of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2016XZ002)
文摘Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the top of TiO_2 nanorod arrays film(TNAF). In this case, TNAF could supply efficient scattering centers for high light harvesting and direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer while the THPF could offer porous channels for loading high quantity of previously synthetized quantum dots(QDs) and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this specific configuration, the presence of anatase–rutile heterojunction at the interface could help the rutile TNAF layer to efficiently collect photo-injected electrons from the anatase THPF layer thus suppressing the recombination of electrons and holes in electrolyte. The results showed that the PCE of QDSSC based on the TNAF photoanode was about 1.4-fold higher(η = 3.05%, J_(sc)= 15.86 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.602 V, FF = 0.319) than that of device based on pure THPF(η = 2.20%, J_(sc)= 13.82 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.572 V, FF = 0.278).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872787,82070462,81921001,91939105,and 82170476)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.M21008).
文摘Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)is a risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKDs)that affects about 85%CKD patients.HHcy stimulates B cells to secrete pathological antibodies,although it is unknown whether this pathway mediates kidney injury.In HHcytreated 2-kidney,1-clip(2K1C)hypertensive murine model,HHcy-activated B cells secreted anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I(β2GPI)antibodies that deposited in glomerular endothelial cells(GECs),exacerbating glomerulosclerosis and reducing renal function.Mechanistically,HHcy 2K1C mice increased phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)(18:0/20:4,18:0/22:6,16:0/20:4)in kidney tissue,as determined by lipidomics.GECs oxidative lipidomics validated the increase of oxidized phospholipids upon Hcy-activated B cells culture medium(Hcy-B CM)treatment,including PE(18:0/20:4+3[O],PE(18:0a/22:4+1[O],PE(18:0/22:4+2[O]and PE(18:0/22:4+3[O]).PE synthases ethanolamine kinase 2(etnk2)and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2(pcyt2)were increased in the kidney GECs of HHcy 2K1C mice and facilitated polyunsaturated PE synthesis to act as lipid peroxidation substrates.In HHcy 2K1C mice and Hcy-B CM-treated GECs,the oxidative environment induced by iron accumulation and the insufficient clearance of lipid peroxides caused by transferrin receptor(TFR)elevation and down-regulation of SLC7A11/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)contributed to GECs ferroptosis of the kidneys.In vivo,pharmacological depletion of B cells or inhibition of ferroptosis mitigated the HHcy-aggravated hypertensive renal injury.Consequently,our findings uncovered a novel mechanism by which B cell-derived pathogenic anti-β2GPI IgG generated by HHcy exacerbated hypertensive kidney damage by inducing GECs ferroptosis.Targeting B cells or ferroptosis may be viable therapeutic strategies for ameliorating lipid peroxidative renal injury in HHcy patients with hypertensive nephropathy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960480)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia,China(No.2018BEB04008)。
文摘Breast cancer is one of the most malignant tumors and is associated with high mortality rates among women.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)is an extract from the fruits of the traditional Chinese herb,L.barbarum.LBP is a promising anticancer drug,due to its high activity and low toxicity.Although it has anticancer properties,its mechanisms of action have not been fully established.Ferroptosis,which is a novel anticancer strategy,is a cell death mechanism that relies on iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In this study,human breast cancer cells(Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7)and MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231(MDA-MB-231))were treated with LBP.LBP inhibited their viability and proliferation in association with high levels of ferroptosis.Therefore,we aimed to ascertain whether LBP reduced cell viability through ferroptosis.We found that the structure and function of mitochondria,lipid peroxidation,and expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7 A11,also known as x CT,the light-chain subunit of cystine/glutamate antiporter system X_(c)^(-))and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were altered by LBP.Moreover,the ferroptosis inhibitor,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),rescued LBP-induced ferroptosis-associated events including reduced cell viability and glutathione(GSH)production,accumulation of intracellular free divalent iron ions and malondialdehyde(MDA),and down-regulation of the expression of x CT and GPX4.Erastin(x CT inhibitor)and RSL3(GPX4 inhibitor)inhibited the expression of x CT and GPX4,respectively,which was lower after the co-treatment of LBP with Erastin and RSL3.These results suggest that LBP effectively prevents breast cancer cell proliferation and promotes ferroptosis via the x CT/GPX4 pathway.Therefore,LBP exhibits novel anticancer properties by triggering ferroptosis,and may be a potential therapeutic option for breast cancer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. U 1434201, 51275427, and 51605394）, and the Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power （No. 2015TPL_T01 ）, China
基金This work was supported by the Ningxia Higher Education Scientific Research Project(No.NGY2018-69)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960480),the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(No.2018BEB04008)the Ningxia Medical University Scientific Research Project(No.XT2017015),China.
文摘B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)is an important antiapoptotic gene that plays a dual role in the maintenance of the dynamic balance between the survival and death of cancer cells.In our previous study,Bcl-2 was shown to delay the G0/G1 to S phase entry by regulating the mitochondrial metabolic pathways to produce lower levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,the detailed molecular mechanisms or pathways by which Bcl-2 regulates the cell cycle remain unknown.Here,we compared the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression with an empty vector control in the NIH3T3 cell line synchronized by serum starvation,and evaluated the effects using proteomic analysis.The effect of Bcl-2 on cell cycle regulation was detected by monitoring Bcl-2 and p27 expression.The result of subsequent proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells identified 169 upregulated and 120 downregulated proteins with a 1.5-fold change.These differentially expressed proteins were enriched in a number of signaling pathways predominantly involving the ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation,according to the data of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.These results indicated that Bcl-2 potentially acts at the translation level to influence proteins or enzymes of the respiratory chain or in the ribosome,and thereby regulates the cell cycle.Additionally,differentially expressed proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were determined to account for most of the effects of Bcl-2 on the cell cycle mediated by the mitochondrial pathway investigated in our previous study.These results can provide assistance for additional in-depth studies on the regulation of the cell cycle by Bcl-2.The results of the proteomic analysis determined the mechanism of Bcl-2-dependent delay of the cell cycle progression.In summary,the results of this study provide a novel mechanistic basis for identifying the key proteins or pathways for designing and developing precisely targeted cancer drugs.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872787,91739303,91939105,81770445,81921001,and 82170476)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.M21008).
文摘Dear Editor Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of death around the world(Truelsen,et al.,2015).Atherosclerosis,the dominant underlying cause of CVD,is a chronic inflam-matory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell infiltration in plaques and vessels(Weber,et al.,1950).The immune microenvironment is critical for the development of atherosclerosis.Homocysteine(Hcy)is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism,and its ele-vation in plasma(>15μmol/L),known as hyperhomocys-teinemia(HHcy),is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.HHcy is more common in Asia because of genetic factors and dietary habits(Huo,et al.,2015).folic acid supplement is one of the most important way to treat HHcy in clinic.Although HHcy potentiates atherosclerosis mainly through endothelial injury and inflammatory activa-tion(Luo,et al.,2016),a comprehensive understanding of the immune microenvironment and potential mechanisms in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerotic aortas(HHcy-AA)is still lacking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51805452,and 51935002)the Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power(Grant No.2020TPL-T02).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31160237 and 81360310)the Graduate Student Research Innovation Project of Yunnan University(No.YNUY201455),China
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0358).
文摘Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour,and the metastasis of osteosarcoma is an important cause of death.Evidence has shown that the mevalonate pathway is highly activated and is expected to be a new target for tumour therapy.In this study,we investigated the effect of mevalonate signalling on osteosarcoma metastasis and its molecular mechanism.First,we found that the key rate-limiting enzyme of mevalonate signalling,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGCR),was highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells,and inhibition of HMGCR with simvastatin significantly inhibited the motility of 143B cells.Next,we found that YAP1 activity was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma cells and that YAP1 knockdown inhibited the motility of 143B cells.We also found that the mevalonate pathway regulated the motility of 143B cells by modulating YAP1 phosphorylation and cellular localization.Moreover,we found that the activity of YAP1 was regulated by the mevalonate pathway by modulating the cell membrane localization of RhoA.Finally,we demonstrated that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway notably reduced the lung metastasis of 143B cells,as reflected by the decreased incidence and number of metastatic nodules and the increased survival time of the nude mice.Taken together,our findings suggest that the mevalonate pathway can promote the metastasis of osteosarcoma by activating YAP1 via RhoA.Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma metastasis.
基金financially supported by the Key Technology R and D Program of Hubei Province(No.2015BCA253)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M572210)the Open Foundation of The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy(No.2014QN17)
文摘Fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires modified SiO_2@C composites with a bio-inspired hierarchical porous structure and a high accessible surface area were prepared by in situ molten salt template method.The combination of biogenic hierarchical porous structure and one-dimensional nanostructure with similar features was successfully obtained by one-pot heat treatment in the presence of rice husk SiO_2 with SiO_2 acting as precursor and ZnCl_2 acting as molten salt and growth template.A large amount of fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires with numerous tiny branches sprouting from the central nanowires were grown in the inter-porous epidermis and on the surface of rice husk SiO_2 for temperatures up to 1200 °C.The in situ ZnCl_2 molten salt template base-growth mechanism is responsible for the initial formation of SiO_2/ZnCl_2 co-melting nanowires and the subsequent growth of fan-shaped SiO_2 nanowires.The as-prepared samples have been successfully employed as organic absorbers with high efficiency in the field of wastewater treatment.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for the financial support(Project Nos.31770028,31970017 and 31470148)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.ZSBR-015)+33 种基金the Qingyuan Forest CERN(Chinese Academy of Sciences)for supporting sampling in various ways.Yu-Cheng Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Project Nos.U1802231)the Second Tibetan Pla-teau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas contract”(No.DBG6280009)for supporting this work.the Croatian Science Foundation under the project ForFun-giDNA(IP-2018-01-1736)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31750001 and 31670016)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03016)for financial support.Monika C.Dayarathne would like to acknowledge the projects,viz.National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31560489 and 31972222)Science and technology basic work of MOST[2014FY120100]National Key Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014BAD23B03/03)Talent project of Guizhou science and technol-ogy cooperation platform([2017]5788-5,[2019]5641)Guizhou science,technology department international cooperation base project([2018]5806)Guangyu Sun would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31772113,31972220 and 31170015)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)for the financial support.the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31670022,31470153 and 31970019)“111”Project(No.D17014)for financial sup-port.the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology(UCoST)for financial support(Project No.UCSandT/RandD/LS-1/12-13/4912)on“Collection,identification,documentation of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms of Garhwal Himalaya of Uttarakhand”the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No:31701978).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31270072)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSBR-001)National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(2013FY110400).the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.Yusufjon Gafforov thanks the financial research support by the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan(Project No.P3-2014-0830174425 and PЗ-20170921183)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Visiting Scientist(Grant No.2018VBB0021)German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)for a Visiting Fellowship(Grant No.57314018).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31970012)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.2017240).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1803232 and 31670026)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0122000)for financial support.the project‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco’s Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(Grant No.2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)the National Science Foundation of China(Project No.31850410489)for financial research support.the ELTE Institutional Excellence Program financed by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH-1157-8/2019-DT).
文摘This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.
