Stroke is a major disorder of the central nervous system that poses a serious threat to human life and quality of life.Many stro ke victims are left with long-term neurological dysfunction,which adversely affects the ...Stroke is a major disorder of the central nervous system that poses a serious threat to human life and quality of life.Many stro ke victims are left with long-term neurological dysfunction,which adversely affects the well-being of the individual and the broader socioeconomic impact.Currently,poststroke brain dysfunction is a major and difficult area of treatment.Vagus nerve stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved exploratory treatment option for autis m,refractory depression,epilepsy,and Alzheimer’s disease.It is expected to be a novel therapeutic technique for the treatment of stroke owing to its association with multiple mechanisms such as alte ring neurotransmitters and the plasticity of central neuro ns.In animal models of acute ischemic stroke,vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to reduce infarct size,reduce post-stroke neurological damage,and improve learning and memory capacity in rats with stroke by reducing the inflammatory response,regulating bloodbrain barrier permeability,and promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis.At present,vagus nerve stimulation includes both invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Clinical studies have found that invasive vagus nerve stimulation combined with rehabilitation therapy is effective in im proving upper limb motor and cognitive abilities in stroke patients.Further clinical studies have shown that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation,including ear/ce rvical vagus nerve stimulation,can stimulate vagal projections to the central nervous system similarly to invasive vagus nerve stimulation and can have the same effect.In this paper,we first describe the multiple effects of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke,and then discuss in depth its neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic stroke.We go on to outline the res ults of the current major clinical applications of invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Finally,we provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and provide an outlook on the developmental trends.We believe that vagus nerve stimulation,as an effective treatment for stroke,will be widely used in clinical practice to promote the recovery of stroke patients and reduce the incidence of disability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides ...BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides quantitative information regarding tissue elasticity,offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of biological tissues.However,the application of real-time SWE in the musculoskeletal system and sports medicine has not been extensively studied.AIM To explore the practical value of real-time SWE for assessing Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the present study,and differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons were compared among the following categories:(1)Age:55-60,60-65,and 65-70-years-old;(2)Sex:Male and female;(3)Laterality:Left and right sides;(4)Tendon state:Relaxed and tense state;and(5)Tendon segment:Proximal,middle,and distal.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons when comparing by age or sex(P>0.05).There were,however,significant differences when comparing by tendon side,state,or segment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Real-time SWE plays a significant role compared to other examination methods in the evaluation of Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.展开更多
After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,M...After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.展开更多
Blood purification refers to the extra corporeal therapies of removing potentially toxic substances, in which blood is circulated through an adsorption system loading separation materials. High-efficient inexpensive s...Blood purification refers to the extra corporeal therapies of removing potentially toxic substances, in which blood is circulated through an adsorption system loading separation materials. High-efficient inexpensive separation materials are critical to success. In this review, separation materials such as polymers and nanomaterials are summarized and compared. Combining the advantages of the adsorptive membranes and nanomaterials, organic–inorganic hybrid/blend membranes have been developed explosively. These hybrid/blend membranes have both the characteristics of high permeability, easy fabrication, good biocompatibility of adsorptive membranes, and characteristics of fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity of nanomaterials. The preparation and modification methodology of the separation materials is reviewed. For affinity separation materials, the relationship of ligand chemistry, ligand density and pores of the matrix is discussed. This paper also summarizes some interesting applications in separation materials for removal of bilirubin, endotoxin, toxic metal ions, cytokine, etc.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty,and only a few cases have been reported;hence,it is hard to establish comprehensive diagnosis and treatment guidelines.We here report...BACKGROUND Recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty,and only a few cases have been reported;hence,it is hard to establish comprehensive diagnosis and treatment guidelines.We here report a case of recurrent hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty,and briefly review the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man,with a history of hypertension,presented to the Orthopedic Department of our hospital for non-traumatic acute left knee pain and swelling associated with a warmth sensation 14 mo after total knee arthroplasty.Investigations(ultrasound,aspiration,and arthroscopy)and managements(nonsurgical,arthroscopy and open exploration)were performed,and the clinical effects of these interventions were analyzed separately.Clinical evidence indicates that the cause of this case was rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the medial superior genicular artery.CONCLUSION The present case indicated that angiography is essential in cases of hemarthrosis after TKA;arthroscopy may not always be adequate as it may not provide a clear view;and traditional open exploration is still effective and sometimes necessary.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ferroptosis therapy have received extensive attention in breast cancer treatment. PDT induced apoptosis of tumor cells by producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ...Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ferroptosis therapy have received extensive attention in breast cancer treatment. PDT induced apoptosis of tumor cells by producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under laser irradiation. Differently, ferroptosis therapy exerts its antitumor effect by inducing excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides on tumor cell membranes. Based on that, ROS produced by PDT may promote ferroptosis in tumor cells, and ferroptosis therapy is expected eliminate apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Therefore, a synergistic ferroptosis-photodynamic therapy will be more effective and more potential in breast cancer treatment. Considering PDT has the characteristic of producing ROS, and neutrophil has a natural tendency to ROS, a neutrophil-mimetic hybrid liposome (CR-NML) was designed for co-delivery of the photosensitizer Ce6 and the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. CR-NML targeted tumor through the ROS tendency of neutrophil and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of liposome, then induced both apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, which increased ROS level and finally realized ROS cascade amplification. The synergistic ferroptosis-photodynamic therapy demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in 4T1 tumor bearing mice, which provided a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,Due to the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and waning immunity following COVID-19 vaccination,breakthrough infections have become common occurrences.The exposure to viral antigens during different COVID-19...Dear Editor,Due to the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and waning immunity following COVID-19 vaccination,breakthrough infections have become common occurrences.The exposure to viral antigens during different COVID-19 waves and vaccination contribute to the unique"hybrid immunity"-immune protection conferred by the combined vaccination and natural infection in individuals.展开更多
Gastric varices(GV) are one of the most common complications for patients with portal hypertension. Currently, histoacryl injection is recommended as the initial treatment for bleeding of GV, and this injection has be...Gastric varices(GV) are one of the most common complications for patients with portal hypertension. Currently, histoacryl injection is recommended as the initial treatment for bleeding of GV, and this injection has been confirmed to be highly effective for most patients in many studies. However, this treatment might be ineffective for some types of GV, such as splenic vein thrombosis-related localized portal hypertension(also called left-sided, sinistral, or regional portal hypertension). Herein, we report a case of repeated pancreatitis-induced complete splenic vein thrombosis that led to intractable gastric variceal bleeding, which was treated by splenectomy. We present detailed radiological and pathological data and blood rheology analysis(the splenic artery- after a short gastric vein or stomach vein- gastric coronary vein- portal vein). The pathophysiology can be explained by the abnormal direction of blood flow in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case for which detailed patho-logy and blood rheology data are available.展开更多
Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshor...Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently.Due to offshore pollution,various geological disasters occur in high frequency,including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils,frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities.Moreover,offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas,including coastal degradation,retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion.Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges,and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution.The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions.Coastal estuaries,port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants.Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed.It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species,community structures,and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades.Due to increasing offshore pollution,the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken.It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity,composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems.In particular,crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems,including increasing species and biodiversity,should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities.This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution,as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems,transformation of pollutants in sediments,and their bioaccumulation and diffusion.This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology,and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems.Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments,more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.展开更多
The application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in the medical field has experienced a long history of development.In turn,some long-standing points and challenges in the medical field have also prompted dive...The application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in the medical field has experienced a long history of development.In turn,some long-standing points and challenges in the medical field have also prompted diverse research teams to continue to explore AI in depth.With the development of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing,big data,and 5G mobile networks,AI technology has been more widely adopted in the medical field.In addition,the in-depth integration of AI and IoT technology enables the gradual improvement of medical diagnosis and treatment capabilities so as to provide services to the public in a more effective way.In this work,we examine the technical basis of IoT,cloud computing,big data analysis and machine learning involved in clinical medicine,combined with concepts of specific algorithms such as activity recognition,behavior recognition,anomaly detection,assistant decision-making system,to describe the scenario-based applications of remote diagnosis and treatment collaboration,neonatal intensive care unit,cardiology intensive care unit,emergency first aid,venous thromboembolism,monitoring nursing,image-assisted diagnosis,etc.We also systematically summarize the application of AI and IoT in clinical medicine,analyze the main challenges thereof,and comment on the trends and future developments in this field.展开更多
This paper proposes a new method for estimating the parameter of maneuvering targets based on sparse time-frequency transform in over-the-horizon radar（OTHR）. In this method, the sparse time-frequency distribution o...This paper proposes a new method for estimating the parameter of maneuvering targets based on sparse time-frequency transform in over-the-horizon radar（OTHR）. In this method, the sparse time-frequency distribution of the radar echo is obtained by solving a sparse optimization problem based on the short-time Fourier transform. Then Hough transform is employed to estimate the parameter of the targets. The proposed algorithm has the following advantages： Compared with the Wigner-Hough transform method, the computational complexity of the sparse optimization is low due to the application of fast Fourier transform（FFT）. And the computational cost of Hough transform is also greatly reduced because of the sparsity of the time-frequency distribution. Compared with the high order ambiguity function（HAF） method, the proposed method improves in terms of precision and robustness to noise. Simulation results show that compared with the HAF method, the required SNR and relative mean square error are 8 dB lower and 50 dB lower respectively in the proposed method. While processing the field experiment data, the execution time of Hough transform in the proposed method is only 4% of the Wigner-Hough transform method.展开更多
Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the t...Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the top of TiO_2 nanorod arrays film(TNAF). In this case, TNAF could supply efficient scattering centers for high light harvesting and direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer while the THPF could offer porous channels for loading high quantity of previously synthetized quantum dots(QDs) and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this specific configuration, the presence of anatase–rutile heterojunction at the interface could help the rutile TNAF layer to efficiently collect photo-injected electrons from the anatase THPF layer thus suppressing the recombination of electrons and holes in electrolyte. The results showed that the PCE of QDSSC based on the TNAF photoanode was about 1.4-fold higher(η = 3.05%, J_(sc)= 15.86 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.602 V, FF = 0.319) than that of device based on pure THPF(η = 2.20%, J_(sc)= 13.82 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.572 V, FF = 0.278).展开更多
Particle segregation and mixing behavior play a crucial role in industrial processes.This study investigates the saturated jetsam fraction,which indicates the maximum capacity of flotsam to entrain jetsam,in an initia...Particle segregation and mixing behavior play a crucial role in industrial processes.This study investigates the saturated jetsam fraction,which indicates the maximum capacity of flotsam to entrain jetsam,in an initially separated binary fluidized bed with particle size differences.According to the value of saturated jetsam fraction,three distinct regimes-segregation,mixing,and an intermediate regime-are identified.Moreover,intriguing relationships between the saturated jetsam fraction and superficial gas velocity are observed,exhibiting monotonic trends in both the segregation and mixing regimes,while a unique volcano-shaped curve in the intermediate regime.Additionally,a comprehensive entrainment model based on two-fluid model elucidates the observed phenomena,emphasizing the significance of mixing behavior in fluidized layer on the saturated jetsam fraction.This work offers potential insights for evaluating segregation in industrial applications.展开更多
Tumor metastasis is responsible for most mortality in cancer patients, and remains a challenge in clinical cancer treatment. Platelets can be recruited and activated by tumor cells, then adhere to circulating tumor ce...Tumor metastasis is responsible for most mortality in cancer patients, and remains a challenge in clinical cancer treatment. Platelets can be recruited and activated by tumor cells, then adhere to circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and assist tumor cells extravasate in distant organs. Therefore, nanoparticles specially hitchhiking on activated platelets are considered to have excellent targeting ability for primary tumor, CTCs and metastasis in distant organs. However, the activated tumor-homing platelets will release transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), which promotes tumor metastasis and forms immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, a multitalent strategy is needed to balance the accurate tumor tracking and alleviate the immunosuppressive signals. In this study, a fucoidan-functionalized micelle(FD/DOX) was constructed, which could efficiently adhere to activated platelets through P-selectin.Compared with the micelle without P-selectin targeting effect, FD/DOX had increased distribution in both tumor tissue and metastasis niche, and exhibited excellent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis efficacy on 4 T1 spontaneous metastasis model. In addition, due to the contribution of fucoidan, FD/DOXtreatment was confirmed to inhibit the expression of TGF-β, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune response and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The fucoidan-functionalized activated platelets-hitchhiking micelle was promising for the metastatic cancer treatment.展开更多
A decrease in microbial infection in adolescents is implicated with an increase in the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases in adulthood,indicating that the microbiome plays a critical role in asthma.However,the ...A decrease in microbial infection in adolescents is implicated with an increase in the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases in adulthood,indicating that the microbiome plays a critical role in asthma.However,the microbial composition of the lower respiratory tract remains unclear,hindering the further exploration of the pathogenesis of asthma.This study aims to explore the microbial distribution and composition in the lungs of normal rats and rats with allergic asthma via 16S rDNA sequencing.The DNA of the pulmonary microbiome was extracted from the left lungs collected from normal control group(NC),saline control group(SC),and allergic asthma group(AA)under aseptic conditions.After the 16s rDNA V4eV5 region was amplified,the products were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology and subjected to operational taxonomic unit(OTU)cluster and taxonomy analysis.The OTU values of AA increased significantly compared with those of NC and SC.Microbiome structure analysis showed that the dominant phylum of the pulmonary microbiome changed from Proteobacteria in NC to Firmicutes in AA.Linear discriminant analysis indicated that the key microbiomes involved in the three groups varied.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022CBF680Independent Scientific Research Project of Wuhan University,No.2042022kf1119(both to LD)。
文摘Stroke is a major disorder of the central nervous system that poses a serious threat to human life and quality of life.Many stro ke victims are left with long-term neurological dysfunction,which adversely affects the well-being of the individual and the broader socioeconomic impact.Currently,poststroke brain dysfunction is a major and difficult area of treatment.Vagus nerve stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved exploratory treatment option for autis m,refractory depression,epilepsy,and Alzheimer’s disease.It is expected to be a novel therapeutic technique for the treatment of stroke owing to its association with multiple mechanisms such as alte ring neurotransmitters and the plasticity of central neuro ns.In animal models of acute ischemic stroke,vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to reduce infarct size,reduce post-stroke neurological damage,and improve learning and memory capacity in rats with stroke by reducing the inflammatory response,regulating bloodbrain barrier permeability,and promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis.At present,vagus nerve stimulation includes both invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Clinical studies have found that invasive vagus nerve stimulation combined with rehabilitation therapy is effective in im proving upper limb motor and cognitive abilities in stroke patients.Further clinical studies have shown that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation,including ear/ce rvical vagus nerve stimulation,can stimulate vagal projections to the central nervous system similarly to invasive vagus nerve stimulation and can have the same effect.In this paper,we first describe the multiple effects of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke,and then discuss in depth its neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic stroke.We go on to outline the res ults of the current major clinical applications of invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Finally,we provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and provide an outlook on the developmental trends.We believe that vagus nerve stimulation,as an effective treatment for stroke,will be widely used in clinical practice to promote the recovery of stroke patients and reduce the incidence of disability.
基金Supported by Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital Research Project,No.2019MS02.
文摘BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides quantitative information regarding tissue elasticity,offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of biological tissues.However,the application of real-time SWE in the musculoskeletal system and sports medicine has not been extensively studied.AIM To explore the practical value of real-time SWE for assessing Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the present study,and differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons were compared among the following categories:(1)Age:55-60,60-65,and 65-70-years-old;(2)Sex:Male and female;(3)Laterality:Left and right sides;(4)Tendon state:Relaxed and tense state;and(5)Tendon segment:Proximal,middle,and distal.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons when comparing by age or sex(P>0.05).There were,however,significant differences when comparing by tendon side,state,or segment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Real-time SWE plays a significant role compared to other examination methods in the evaluation of Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.
基金Theme-based research scheme of Hong Kong Research Grant Council(RGC Ref:T13-402/17-N)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1804251)。
文摘After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21606120)National Undergraducate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Nos.201710148000016 and 201810148080)
文摘Blood purification refers to the extra corporeal therapies of removing potentially toxic substances, in which blood is circulated through an adsorption system loading separation materials. High-efficient inexpensive separation materials are critical to success. In this review, separation materials such as polymers and nanomaterials are summarized and compared. Combining the advantages of the adsorptive membranes and nanomaterials, organic–inorganic hybrid/blend membranes have been developed explosively. These hybrid/blend membranes have both the characteristics of high permeability, easy fabrication, good biocompatibility of adsorptive membranes, and characteristics of fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity of nanomaterials. The preparation and modification methodology of the separation materials is reviewed. For affinity separation materials, the relationship of ligand chemistry, ligand density and pores of the matrix is discussed. This paper also summarizes some interesting applications in separation materials for removal of bilirubin, endotoxin, toxic metal ions, cytokine, etc.
文摘BACKGROUND Recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty,and only a few cases have been reported;hence,it is hard to establish comprehensive diagnosis and treatment guidelines.We here report a case of recurrent hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty,and briefly review the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man,with a history of hypertension,presented to the Orthopedic Department of our hospital for non-traumatic acute left knee pain and swelling associated with a warmth sensation 14 mo after total knee arthroplasty.Investigations(ultrasound,aspiration,and arthroscopy)and managements(nonsurgical,arthroscopy and open exploration)were performed,and the clinical effects of these interventions were analyzed separately.Clinical evidence indicates that the cause of this case was rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the medial superior genicular artery.CONCLUSION The present case indicated that angiography is essential in cases of hemarthrosis after TKA;arthroscopy may not always be adequate as it may not provide a clear view;and traditional open exploration is still effective and sometimes necessary.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology program(No.2022NSFSC0045)Sichuan University Postdoctoral Research Foundation(No.2024SCU12130)National Postdoctoral Program(No.GZC20231780).
文摘Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ferroptosis therapy have received extensive attention in breast cancer treatment. PDT induced apoptosis of tumor cells by producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under laser irradiation. Differently, ferroptosis therapy exerts its antitumor effect by inducing excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides on tumor cell membranes. Based on that, ROS produced by PDT may promote ferroptosis in tumor cells, and ferroptosis therapy is expected eliminate apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Therefore, a synergistic ferroptosis-photodynamic therapy will be more effective and more potential in breast cancer treatment. Considering PDT has the characteristic of producing ROS, and neutrophil has a natural tendency to ROS, a neutrophil-mimetic hybrid liposome (CR-NML) was designed for co-delivery of the photosensitizer Ce6 and the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. CR-NML targeted tumor through the ROS tendency of neutrophil and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of liposome, then induced both apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, which increased ROS level and finally realized ROS cascade amplification. The synergistic ferroptosis-photodynamic therapy demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in 4T1 tumor bearing mice, which provided a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment.
基金We acknowledge support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370944 to X.H.)Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas to X.H.)+6 种基金Startup fund from West China Hospital,Sichuan University(137220082 to X.H.)the Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province,(2022NSFSC0842 to W.M.L.)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence from West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYGD22009 to W.M.L)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SCU2022D025 to W.M.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 82371831 to J.Y.Y.)the Young Talent Program of China(HJJH22-004 to J.Y.Y.)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory(GZNL2023A01009 and GZNL2023A01005 to J.Y.Y.).
文摘Dear Editor,Due to the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and waning immunity following COVID-19 vaccination,breakthrough infections have become common occurrences.The exposure to viral antigens during different COVID-19 waves and vaccination contribute to the unique"hybrid immunity"-immune protection conferred by the combined vaccination and natural infection in individuals.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401993(to Tang SH)
文摘Gastric varices(GV) are one of the most common complications for patients with portal hypertension. Currently, histoacryl injection is recommended as the initial treatment for bleeding of GV, and this injection has been confirmed to be highly effective for most patients in many studies. However, this treatment might be ineffective for some types of GV, such as splenic vein thrombosis-related localized portal hypertension(also called left-sided, sinistral, or regional portal hypertension). Herein, we report a case of repeated pancreatitis-induced complete splenic vein thrombosis that led to intractable gastric variceal bleeding, which was treated by splenectomy. We present detailed radiological and pathological data and blood rheology analysis(the splenic artery- after a short gastric vein or stomach vein- gastric coronary vein- portal vein). The pathophysiology can be explained by the abnormal direction of blood flow in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case for which detailed patho-logy and blood rheology data are available.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as a Shandong joint key project(Grant No.U1906222)the Ministry of Environmental Science and Technology,People’s Republic of China as a key R&D project(Grant No.2019YFC1804104)the Ministry of Education,People’s Republic of China as a 111 program(Grant No.T2017002)。
文摘Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world.In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities,increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently.Due to offshore pollution,various geological disasters occur in high frequency,including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils,frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities.Moreover,offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas,including coastal degradation,retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion.Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges,and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution.The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions.Coastal estuaries,port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants.Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed.It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species,community structures,and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades.Due to increasing offshore pollution,the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken.It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity,composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems.In particular,crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems,including increasing species and biodiversity,should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities.This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution,as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems,transformation of pollutants in sediments,and their bioaccumulation and diffusion.This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology,and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems.Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments,more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.
文摘The application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in the medical field has experienced a long history of development.In turn,some long-standing points and challenges in the medical field have also prompted diverse research teams to continue to explore AI in depth.With the development of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing,big data,and 5G mobile networks,AI technology has been more widely adopted in the medical field.In addition,the in-depth integration of AI and IoT technology enables the gradual improvement of medical diagnosis and treatment capabilities so as to provide services to the public in a more effective way.In this work,we examine the technical basis of IoT,cloud computing,big data analysis and machine learning involved in clinical medicine,combined with concepts of specific algorithms such as activity recognition,behavior recognition,anomaly detection,assistant decision-making system,to describe the scenario-based applications of remote diagnosis and treatment collaboration,neonatal intensive care unit,cardiology intensive care unit,emergency first aid,venous thromboembolism,monitoring nursing,image-assisted diagnosis,etc.We also systematically summarize the application of AI and IoT in clinical medicine,analyze the main challenges thereof,and comment on the trends and future developments in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(611011726137118461301262)
文摘This paper proposes a new method for estimating the parameter of maneuvering targets based on sparse time-frequency transform in over-the-horizon radar（OTHR）. In this method, the sparse time-frequency distribution of the radar echo is obtained by solving a sparse optimization problem based on the short-time Fourier transform. Then Hough transform is employed to estimate the parameter of the targets. The proposed algorithm has the following advantages： Compared with the Wigner-Hough transform method, the computational complexity of the sparse optimization is low due to the application of fast Fourier transform（FFT）. And the computational cost of Hough transform is also greatly reduced because of the sparsity of the time-frequency distribution. Compared with the high order ambiguity function（HAF） method, the proposed method improves in terms of precision and robustness to noise. Simulation results show that compared with the HAF method, the required SNR and relative mean square error are 8 dB lower and 50 dB lower respectively in the proposed method. While processing the field experiment data, the execution time of Hough transform in the proposed method is only 4% of the Wigner-Hough transform method.
基金financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M572210,2016M602376)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61604110)+1 种基金the Hubei Natural Science Foundation of China(2017CFB291)the Foundation of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2016XZ002)
文摘Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the top of TiO_2 nanorod arrays film(TNAF). In this case, TNAF could supply efficient scattering centers for high light harvesting and direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer while the THPF could offer porous channels for loading high quantity of previously synthetized quantum dots(QDs) and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this specific configuration, the presence of anatase–rutile heterojunction at the interface could help the rutile TNAF layer to efficiently collect photo-injected electrons from the anatase THPF layer thus suppressing the recombination of electrons and holes in electrolyte. The results showed that the PCE of QDSSC based on the TNAF photoanode was about 1.4-fold higher(η = 3.05%, J_(sc)= 15.86 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.602 V, FF = 0.319) than that of device based on pure THPF(η = 2.20%, J_(sc)= 13.82 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.572 V, FF = 0.278).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.22308187,22208186,22278238,and 22238004)the Beijing Nova Program (Grant No.2022118)the Key Research and Development Program of Inner Mongolia and Ordos,and the Ordos-Tsinghua Innovative&Collaborative Research Program in Carbon Neutrality (Ordos Laboratory).
文摘Particle segregation and mixing behavior play a crucial role in industrial processes.This study investigates the saturated jetsam fraction,which indicates the maximum capacity of flotsam to entrain jetsam,in an initially separated binary fluidized bed with particle size differences.According to the value of saturated jetsam fraction,three distinct regimes-segregation,mixing,and an intermediate regime-are identified.Moreover,intriguing relationships between the saturated jetsam fraction and superficial gas velocity are observed,exhibiting monotonic trends in both the segregation and mixing regimes,while a unique volcano-shaped curve in the intermediate regime.Additionally,a comprehensive entrainment model based on two-fluid model elucidates the observed phenomena,emphasizing the significance of mixing behavior in fluidized layer on the saturated jetsam fraction.This work offers potential insights for evaluating segregation in industrial applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974499 and 81690261)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2018RZ0136)。
文摘Tumor metastasis is responsible for most mortality in cancer patients, and remains a challenge in clinical cancer treatment. Platelets can be recruited and activated by tumor cells, then adhere to circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and assist tumor cells extravasate in distant organs. Therefore, nanoparticles specially hitchhiking on activated platelets are considered to have excellent targeting ability for primary tumor, CTCs and metastasis in distant organs. However, the activated tumor-homing platelets will release transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), which promotes tumor metastasis and forms immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, a multitalent strategy is needed to balance the accurate tumor tracking and alleviate the immunosuppressive signals. In this study, a fucoidan-functionalized micelle(FD/DOX) was constructed, which could efficiently adhere to activated platelets through P-selectin.Compared with the micelle without P-selectin targeting effect, FD/DOX had increased distribution in both tumor tissue and metastasis niche, and exhibited excellent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis efficacy on 4 T1 spontaneous metastasis model. In addition, due to the contribution of fucoidan, FD/DOXtreatment was confirmed to inhibit the expression of TGF-β, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune response and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The fucoidan-functionalized activated platelets-hitchhiking micelle was promising for the metastatic cancer treatment.
基金This research was funded by Key Items of Scientific Research and Innovation Experiment Project of Chongqing Medical University in 2017,grant number 201710”and The Project of Tutorial System of Medical Undergraduate in Lab Teaching&Management Center in Chongqing Medical University,grant number LTMCMTS201805The following individuals are gratefully acknowledged:Yanqin Ran,Weilai Hao and Yinde Huang for their technical assistancethe Innovation Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University for their excellent research environment。
文摘A decrease in microbial infection in adolescents is implicated with an increase in the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases in adulthood,indicating that the microbiome plays a critical role in asthma.However,the microbial composition of the lower respiratory tract remains unclear,hindering the further exploration of the pathogenesis of asthma.This study aims to explore the microbial distribution and composition in the lungs of normal rats and rats with allergic asthma via 16S rDNA sequencing.The DNA of the pulmonary microbiome was extracted from the left lungs collected from normal control group(NC),saline control group(SC),and allergic asthma group(AA)under aseptic conditions.After the 16s rDNA V4eV5 region was amplified,the products were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology and subjected to operational taxonomic unit(OTU)cluster and taxonomy analysis.The OTU values of AA increased significantly compared with those of NC and SC.Microbiome structure analysis showed that the dominant phylum of the pulmonary microbiome changed from Proteobacteria in NC to Firmicutes in AA.Linear discriminant analysis indicated that the key microbiomes involved in the three groups varied.
