The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.展开更多
Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this stu...Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.展开更多
Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy harvesting.However,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,...Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy harvesting.However,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,it is extremely difficult to achieve nonreciprocity of heat transfer.This review presents the recent developments in thermal nonreciprocity and explores the fundamental theories,which underpin the design of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials,i.e.,the Onsager reciprocity theorem.Next,three methods for achieving nonreciprocal metamaterials in the thermal field are elucidated,namely,nonlinearity,spatiotemporal modulation,and angular momentum bias,and the applications of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are outlined.We also discuss nonreciprocal thermal radiation.Moreover,the potential applications of nonreciprocity to other Laplacian physical fields are discussed.Finally,the prospects for advancing nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are highlighted,including developments in device design and manufacturing techniques and machine learning-assisted material design.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of social stress(CS)and social stress combined with high-fat diet on fat mobilization as a candidate mechanism for the induction or aggravation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD...Objective:To study the effects of social stress(CS)and social stress combined with high-fat diet on fat mobilization as a candidate mechanism for the induction or aggravation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar rats(250±10 g)were randomly allocated to a blank control group(BC),a high-fat diet group(HFD),a CS group,and a combined CS and high-fat diet group(CS t HFD).Rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected after 8 weeks.Liver and body mass were measured and used to calculate the liver index.Serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and free fatty acids(FFAs)were measured.Liver sections were examined microscopically after oil red O and hematoxylin and eosin staining.The relative mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase),hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)reductase in liver,and hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),and adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)in subcutaneous adipose tissue,were measured by real-time PCR.The liver concentrations of triglyceride,reactive oxygen species,and ACCase were measured by ELISA and HSL activity was determined using turbidimetry.Results:NAFLD developed in the CS,HFD,and CS t HFD groups,with the most severe NAFLD being in the CS t HFD group.Serum AST,ALT,and FFA,liver index,and hepatic triglyceride,FFA,and tumor necrosis factor-a were significantly higher in both the CS and CS t HFD groups.However,food intake and ACCase mRNA expression were lower.The mRNA expression of HSL and ATGL in adipose tissue was much higher,and HSL activity was higher in the CS group than in the BC group,and in the CS t HFD group than in the HFD group.Conclusion:We have successfully established two models of stress-induced NAFLD,suggesting stress can induce and aggravate NAFLD by promoting fat mobilization through upregulation of HSL and ATGL.展开更多
Objective: The Qinzhi Zhudan formula(QZZD) exhibits a prominent therapeutic effect in the treatment of vascular dementia(VaD). This study combined a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to identif...Objective: The Qinzhi Zhudan formula(QZZD) exhibits a prominent therapeutic effect in the treatment of vascular dementia(VaD). This study combined a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to identify the underlying biological mechanism of QZZD against VaD.Methods: Male Wistar rats received bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO) surgery, and after4 weeks of intragastric administration of QZZD, the therapeutic effect was assessed using the Morris water maze test and cerebral blood flow(CBF) assessment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopy were used to measure the histopathological changes in the neurons of rats. The effect of QZZD treatment on hippocampal neurotransmitters was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.Immunofluorescence was used to observe VaD-induced microglia activation. The inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to examine the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway, which was screened out by network pharmacology analysis.Results: QZZD treatment alleviated pathological changes and neuronal damage in VaD rats and attenuated their cognitive impairment. In addition, QZZD increased CBF and the expression of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal region. Notably, QZZD inhibited microglial activation and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-a. Network pharmacology and western blot indicated that QZZD inhibited the levels of TNFR1, NF-κBp65, p-ERK, TNF-a, and IL-6, which are related to the TNFR1-mediated TNF signaling pathway.Conclusion: QZZD clearly improved learning and memory function, reduced brain pathological damage,elevated CBF and hippocampal neurotransmitter levels, and alleviated neuroinflammation of VaD rats partly by inhibiting the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway, indicating its potential value in the clinical therapy of VaD.展开更多
Objective:To explore the therapeutic capacity of the Liangxue Xiaoban(LXXB)decoction and its disassembled prescriptions in the modulation of T cell subsets and recurrence-related indexes of psoriasis using a psoriasis...Objective:To explore the therapeutic capacity of the Liangxue Xiaoban(LXXB)decoction and its disassembled prescriptions in the modulation of T cell subsets and recurrence-related indexes of psoriasis using a psoriasis-like mouse model.Methods:The psoriasis model was generated by the treatment of BALB/c mice(n=48)with imiquimod.Mice were divided into six groups:control,psoriasis model,tripterygium glycosides,LXXB decoction,Liangxue decoction,and Qingqi decoction.After the intervention period,the interleukin(IL)-17A,IL-22,and interferon-γ levels in mice were examined and hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to determine pathological changes in the skin tissues.T cell subset changes in the skin-draining lymph nodes were analyzed using flow cytometry,and the expression levels of the associated transcription factors and recurrence-related indexes in the skin tissues were determined using a polymerase chain reaction.Results:LXXB decoction attenuated the levels of CD8^(+)T,Th17,and Th1 cells and induced an increase in the Th2 and Treg cell levels.The disassembled prescriptions promoted or inhibited specific subsets of T cells to improve the symptoms of psoriasis.Notably,the LXXB and Liangxue decoctions suppressed the expression of IL-22 at both the gene and protein levels and restored the CD103 and IL-15 expressions in the skin tissue to the normal range.Conclusion:LXXB decoction exerted significant immunoregulatory effects on T cell subsets and improved the recurrence-related indexes.Interestingly,the Liangxue prescription appeared to have a therapeutic advantage in terms of Th17 modulation and psoriasis recurrence,while the Qingqi prescription performed better in Treg immunoregulation.展开更多
Background:Inflammation is an essential component of liver diseases.Paeoniflorin(PF),a monoterpenoid component derived from peony root(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),has anti-inflammatory,immunoregulatory,and hepatoprotect...Background:Inflammation is an essential component of liver diseases.Paeoniflorin(PF),a monoterpenoid component derived from peony root(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),has anti-inflammatory,immunoregulatory,and hepatoprotective activities.However,whether PF affects liver inflammation and its underlying mechanisms is unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation in LO2 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods:LPS was used to induce inflammation.After PF pretreatment for 2 h,the cells were treated with PF and LPS.Cell counting kit-8 was used to measure cell viability.Tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin(IL)-6 were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blot was used to evaluate TNF-a,Ras homolog family member A(RhoA),NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,and IL-1b proteins expression.Results:In LPS-induced LO2 cells,PF reduced TNF-a and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-induced TNF-a expression was also suppressed by PF.In addition,PF significantly inhibited LPS-induced RhoA activation(P=.0014).Finally,PF suppressed LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by downregulating NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,and IL-1b expression.Conclusion:These findings suggest that PF alleviates inflammation induced by LPS and further suggest the anti-inflammatory effect of PF may follow via reduced RhoA and NLRP3 inflammasome activity.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome is an integral and essential component of TCM theory,and goes beyond philosophic concepts.This article reviews the concept of TCM syndromes and summarizes research findings on...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome is an integral and essential component of TCM theory,and goes beyond philosophic concepts.This article reviews the concept of TCM syndromes and summarizes research findings on the biologic foundation of syndromes.In addition,insight is provided into the promotion of standardization of syndrome classification by enforcing uniformity of TCM terminology,applying standardized diagnostic criteria and operating procedures to minimize subjective effects.Also incorporating interdisciplinary approaches such as data mining and structure modeling,as well as integrating findings on biomarker research are discussed.Consideration is made of the fundamental TCM aspects of syndrome elements,symptoms,phenotypic features,as well as diseases,to form an integral process in the diagnostic path.We believe that better understanding of the biologic basis of the TCM syndrome and standardization of syndrome classification will improve diagnosis,which in turn will enhance therapeutic efficacy and disease prognosis.展开更多
Objective:To assess the efficacy of Qingre Lishi Tuihuang therapy (QLTT) for acute icteric hepatitis B infection.Methods:Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2016 with no language restri...Objective:To assess the efficacy of Qingre Lishi Tuihuang therapy (QLTT) for acute icteric hepatitis B infection.Methods:Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2016 with no language restrictions for reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of QLTT treating acute icteric hepatitis B.Two researchers independently extracted detailed data and assessed methodological quality.ReviewManager 5.3.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 2238 participants were included in this review.The methodological quality was generally poor.The results indicated that supplemented Yinchenhao decoction combined with non-specific treatments was more effective in improving the cure rate (risk ratio =1.80;95% CI 1.21-2.68) and reducing the serum levels of total bilirubin (mean difference =-29.74;95% CI-31.91 to-27.57) and aspartate aminotransferase.Other self-made prescriptions conforming to QLTT plus non-specific treatments had beneficial effect for acute icteric hepatitis B in curing this disease (risk ratio =1.48;95% CI 1.27-1.73),as well as for negative seroconversion of HBeAg (risk ratio =1.39;95% CI 1.11-1.74).Supplemented Yinchenhao decoction plus non-specific treatments was more effective than other self-made prescriptions conforming to QLTT in reducing serum total bilirubin level.Conclusion:Qingre Lishi Tuihuang therapy appears to improve effect based on non-specific treatments for the treatment of acute icteric hepatitis B.However,it is premature to draw confirmative conclusions,owing to the poor methodological quality and high clinical heterogeneity of the included trials.Further well-designed clinical randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes should be undertaken.展开更多
Nonlocal self-similarity is an important property of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images to characterize the repetitiveness of features embodied by SAR images within nonlocal areas and has been used for enhancement of...Nonlocal self-similarity is an important property of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images to characterize the repetitiveness of features embodied by SAR images within nonlocal areas and has been used for enhancement of SAR images.Existing SAR ship detectors often independently handle small sub-images cropped from a large marine SAR image and do not exploit the nonlocal self-similarity therein.In this paper,we propose a new ship detector from the perspective of nonlocal self-similarity in SAR images to improve the ship detection performance,basically including three stages:prescreening,intra-cue calculation,and inter-cue calculation.In the prescreening stage,we design a new Histogram-based Density(HD)feature to rapidly select candidate sub-images potentially containing ship targets from a large SAR image.In the intra-cue calculation stage,target cues within a single candidate sub-image are extracted.In the inter-cue calculation stage,thanks to the nonlocal self-similarity among different candidate sub-images in terms of density features,we innovatively extract a weighted superpixel-HD map to obtain accumulated intracues across all the candidate sub-images.Finally,for each candidate sub-image,we fuse its inter-cue and intra-cue to obtain final detection results.Experimental results based on real SAR images show that our newly proposed method provides a better target-to-clutter contrast and ship detection performance than those of other state-of-the-art detection approaches.展开更多
The metabolic process of chiral drugs plays a significant role in clinics and in research on drugs.Here,we experimentally demonstrate by all-optical means that the chiral molecules can be quickly discriminated and mon...The metabolic process of chiral drugs plays a significant role in clinics and in research on drugs.Here,we experimentally demonstrate by all-optical means that the chiral molecules can be quickly discriminated and monitored with the ultrahighorder modes excited in a metal cladding optofluidic chip,achieving over 5 times sensitivity with a low-dosage sample.We show that the varying concentration of the chiral drugs can be monitored both in cell and animal experiments,presenting a significant difference between chiral enantiomers at the optimal function time and the effect of the reaction.To our knowledge,this approach provides a new way to achieve important chiral discrimination for the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics and may present opportunities in indicating the health status of humans.展开更多
To investigate the enhancing effect of Mn on the performance of simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH_(3)and PH_(3)by CuO-Al_(2)O_(3)in a reducing atmosphere under micro-oxygen conditions,Cu-Mn modifiedγ-Al_(2)O_(3...To investigate the enhancing effect of Mn on the performance of simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH_(3)and PH_(3)by CuO-Al_(2)O_(3)in a reducing atmosphere under micro-oxygen conditions,Cu-Mn modifiedγ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts were prepared.The characteristics of the catalysts showed that Mn reduced the crystallinity of the active CuO component,increased the number of oxygen vacancies and acidic sites on the catalyst surface,enhanced the mobility of surface oxygen,and the interaction between copper and manganese promoted the redox cycling ability of the catalysts and improved their oxidation performance,which increased the conversion frequency(TOF)by 2.54×10^(-2)to 3.07×10^(-2)sec^(-1).On the other hand,the introduction of Mn reduced the production of phosphate and As_(2)O_(3)on the catalyst surface by30.96%and 44.9%,which reduced the coverage and inerting of the active sites by phosphate and As_(2)O_(3),resulting in an 8 hr(6 hr)improvement in the stability of PH_(3)(AsH_(3))removal.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an innovative approach that utilizes photochemical reactions for non-invasive disease treatment.Conventional PDT is limited by the low penetration depth of visible light required for activa...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an innovative approach that utilizes photochemical reactions for non-invasive disease treatment.Conventional PDT is limited by the low penetration depth of visible light required for activation.Herein,we employed upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)to extend the activation wavelength of photosensitizers into the infrared range,enabling a treatment depth of over 10 mm.Furthermore,we also used the abundant amino groups of branched polyethyleneimine(PEI)with spatial structure to enhance the loading capacity of protoporphyrin(PPIX),and we ultimately improved skin tumor clearance rates.Moreover,we achieved tumor-specific treatment by utilizing folic acid(FA)targeting and active enrichment of PPIX.According to cellular experimental results,we demonstrated the remarkable reactive oxygen species generation capability of the material and ultra-low dark toxicity.Additionally,we investigated the apoptosis mechanism and demonstrated that the synthesized nanoparticle stimulates the up-regulation of apoptosis-associated proteins Bax/Bcl-2 and Cyto c.During in vivo experiments involving intravenous injection in mouse tails,we investigated the anticancer efficacy of the nanoparticle,confirming its excellent PDT effects.This research provides a promising avenue for future non-invasive treatment of deep-seated tumors,offering a method for the treatment and management of specific cancers.展开更多
This study presents the overall architecture of HeterBot,a heterogeneous mobile manipulation robot developed in our lab,which is designed for versatile operation in hazardous environments.The most significant feature ...This study presents the overall architecture of HeterBot,a heterogeneous mobile manipulation robot developed in our lab,which is designed for versatile operation in hazardous environments.The most significant feature of HeterBot is the heterogeneous design created by adopting the idea of‘big arm+small arm’and‘big car+mini car’.This combination has the advantage of functional complementation,which achieves performance promotion in both locomotion and manipulation capabilities,making HeterBot distinguished from other mobile manipulation robots.Besides,multiple novel technologies are integrated into HeterBot to expand its versatility and ease of use,including Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform-based teleoperation,reconfigurable end effectors,laseraided grasping,and manipulation with customised tools.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of HeterBot in various locomotion and manipulation tasks.HeterBot displays huge potential in future applications,such as searching and rescue.展开更多
Objective:We investigated the relation between man papillomavirus(HPV)integration status and the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),as well as the triage strategy based on HPV integration test.M...Objective:We investigated the relation between man papillomavirus(HPV)integration status and the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),as well as the triage strategy based on HPV integration test.Methods:4086 women aged 20 to 65 years in China were enrolled in 2015 for a prospective,population-based,clinical observational study to evaluate the triage performance of HPV integration.Cervical exfoliated cells were collected for HPV testing and cytologic test.If high-risk HPV was positive,HPV integration test was performed at baseline,2-year and 5-year follow-up.Results:At baseline,HPV integration was positively correlated with the severity of cervical pathology,ranging from 5.0%(15/301)in normal diagnosis,6.9%(4/58)in CIN1,31.0%(9/29)in CIN2,70%(14/20)in CIN3,and 100%(2/2)in cervical cancer(P<0.001).Compared with cytology,HPV integration exhibits comparable sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of CIN3+,higher specificity(92.8%[90.2%-95.4%]vs.75.5%[71.2%-79.8%],P<0.001)and higher positive predictive value(36.4%[22.1%-50.6%]vs.15.2%[8.5%-21.8%],P<0.001).HPV integration testing strategy yielded a significantly lower colposcopy referral rate than cytology strategy(10.7%[44/410]vs.27.3%[112/410],P<0.001).The HPV integration-negative group exhibited the lowest immediate risk for CIN3+(1.6%)and accounted for the largest proportion of the total population(89.3%),when compared with the normal cytology group(risk,1.7%;proportion,72.7%).Conclusion:As a key molecular basis for the development of cervical cancer,HPV integration might be a promising triage strategy for HPV-positive patients.展开更多
In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly cau...In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly caused by the absence of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),significantly limits the application of ICIs.Converting these immune“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors that may respond to ICIs is an unsolved question in cancer immunotherapy.Since it is a general characteristic of cancers to resist apoptosis,induction of non-apoptotic regulated cell death(RCD)is emerging as a new cancer treatment strategy.Recently,several studies have revealed the interaction between non-apoptotic RCD and antitumor immunity.Specifically,autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis exhibit synergistic antitumor immune responses while possibly exerting inhibitory effects on antitumor immune responses.Thus,targeted therapies(inducers or inhibitors)against autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis in combination with immunotherapy may exert potent antitumor activity,even in tumors resistant to ICIs.This review summarizes the multilevel relationship between antitumor immunity and non-apoptotic RCD,including autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis,and the potential targeting application of non-apoptotic RCD to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignancy.展开更多
Lily was grown worldwide as a fresh cutting flower because of its colorful petals, but its anther contained a large number of pollen grains that cause serious pollen contamination, however, pollen abortion can effecti...Lily was grown worldwide as a fresh cutting flower because of its colorful petals, but its anther contained a large number of pollen grains that cause serious pollen contamination, however, pollen abortion can effectively reduce the level of pollen pollution. Our analysis aims to use cytological observation to detect the critical stage when pollen abortion occurs and to provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level. The result showed that pollen abortion in ‘Little Kiss’ began at the mononuclear stage and the callose that covers the microspores failed to degenerate when young pollens were released from the tetrads. In addition, compared with the normally developed one,the tapetum of ‘Little Kiss’ degraded in advance while the degradation of callose was delayed. Furthermore, 103 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) related to the advance degeneration of tapetum cells and callose were found in the expression levels, including 22 transcription factors(TFs). In particular, two β-glucanase genes(endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, exo-β-glucanase) responsible for callose degeneration were significantly down-regulated. These results suggested that pollen abortion may occur at mononuclear stage and that early degeneration of tapetum cells resulted in a significant down-regulation of β-glucanase genes. As a result, the callose to cover microspores impedes the formation of pollen walls, which may possibly lead to pollen abortion.展开更多
A Cu-Co-K/activated carbon （AC） adsorbent has been developed for the removal of carbonyl sulfide （COS）. The effects of COS concentration, reaction temperature and relative humidity were closely examined. A breakth...A Cu-Co-K/activated carbon （AC） adsorbent has been developed for the removal of carbonyl sulfide （COS）. The effects of COS concentration, reaction temperature and relative humidity were closely examined. A breakthrough of 33.23 mg COS .gl adsorbent at 60℃, under 30% relative humidity and in presence of 1.0% oxygen was exhibited in the Cu-Co-K/AC adsorbent prepared. Competitive adsorption studies for COS in the presence of CS2, and H2S were also conducted. TPD analysis was used to identify sulfur-containing products on the carbon surface, and the results indicated that H2S, COS and SO2 were all evident in the effluent gas generated from the exhausted Cu-Co-K/AC. Structure of the activated carbon samples has been characterized using nitrogen adsorption, and their surface chemical structures were also determined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. It turns out that the modification with Cu（OH）2CO3- CoPcS-KOH can significantly improve the COS removal capacity, forming SO2/4 species simultaneously. Regenera- tion of the spent activated carbon sorbents by thermal desorption has also been explored.展开更多
Metal （Cu, Co, or Zn） loaded ZSM-5 and Y zeolite adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide （HCN） toxic gas. The results showed that the HCN breakthrough capacity was enhanced significantly wh...Metal （Cu, Co, or Zn） loaded ZSM-5 and Y zeolite adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide （HCN） toxic gas. The results showed that the HCN breakthrough capacity was enhanced significantly when zeolites were loaded with Cu. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents that influence the HCN adsorption capacity were analyzed. The maximal HCN breakthrough capacities were about the same for both zeolites at 2.2 mol of HCN/mol of Cu. The Cu2p XPS spectra showed that the possible species present were Cu2O and CuO. The Nls XPS data and FT-IR spectra indicated that CN- would be formed in the presence of Cu＋/Cu2＋ and oxygen gas, and the reaction product could be adsorbed onto Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite more easily than HCN.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325208 and 11974203)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z191100004819002).
文摘Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52325208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500174)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3807401)。
文摘Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy harvesting.However,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,it is extremely difficult to achieve nonreciprocity of heat transfer.This review presents the recent developments in thermal nonreciprocity and explores the fundamental theories,which underpin the design of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials,i.e.,the Onsager reciprocity theorem.Next,three methods for achieving nonreciprocal metamaterials in the thermal field are elucidated,namely,nonlinearity,spatiotemporal modulation,and angular momentum bias,and the applications of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are outlined.We also discuss nonreciprocal thermal radiation.Moreover,the potential applications of nonreciprocity to other Laplacian physical fields are discussed.Finally,the prospects for advancing nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are highlighted,including developments in device design and manufacturing techniques and machine learning-assisted material design.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Surface Project(81774122)Young Teachers Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2017-JYB-JS-002)University Level Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2019-JYB-XS-002).
文摘Objective:To study the effects of social stress(CS)and social stress combined with high-fat diet on fat mobilization as a candidate mechanism for the induction or aggravation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar rats(250±10 g)were randomly allocated to a blank control group(BC),a high-fat diet group(HFD),a CS group,and a combined CS and high-fat diet group(CS t HFD).Rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected after 8 weeks.Liver and body mass were measured and used to calculate the liver index.Serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and free fatty acids(FFAs)were measured.Liver sections were examined microscopically after oil red O and hematoxylin and eosin staining.The relative mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase),hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)reductase in liver,and hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),and adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)in subcutaneous adipose tissue,were measured by real-time PCR.The liver concentrations of triglyceride,reactive oxygen species,and ACCase were measured by ELISA and HSL activity was determined using turbidimetry.Results:NAFLD developed in the CS,HFD,and CS t HFD groups,with the most severe NAFLD being in the CS t HFD group.Serum AST,ALT,and FFA,liver index,and hepatic triglyceride,FFA,and tumor necrosis factor-a were significantly higher in both the CS and CS t HFD groups.However,food intake and ACCase mRNA expression were lower.The mRNA expression of HSL and ATGL in adipose tissue was much higher,and HSL activity was higher in the CS group than in the BC group,and in the CS t HFD group than in the HFD group.Conclusion:We have successfully established two models of stress-induced NAFLD,suggesting stress can induce and aggravate NAFLD by promoting fat mobilization through upregulation of HSL and ATGL.
基金supported by Young Qihuang Scholars Project(90020163320001)Major National Science and Technology Projects (2019ZX09301-173)。
文摘Objective: The Qinzhi Zhudan formula(QZZD) exhibits a prominent therapeutic effect in the treatment of vascular dementia(VaD). This study combined a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to identify the underlying biological mechanism of QZZD against VaD.Methods: Male Wistar rats received bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO) surgery, and after4 weeks of intragastric administration of QZZD, the therapeutic effect was assessed using the Morris water maze test and cerebral blood flow(CBF) assessment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopy were used to measure the histopathological changes in the neurons of rats. The effect of QZZD treatment on hippocampal neurotransmitters was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.Immunofluorescence was used to observe VaD-induced microglia activation. The inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to examine the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway, which was screened out by network pharmacology analysis.Results: QZZD treatment alleviated pathological changes and neuronal damage in VaD rats and attenuated their cognitive impairment. In addition, QZZD increased CBF and the expression of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal region. Notably, QZZD inhibited microglial activation and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-a. Network pharmacology and western blot indicated that QZZD inhibited the levels of TNFR1, NF-κBp65, p-ERK, TNF-a, and IL-6, which are related to the TNFR1-mediated TNF signaling pathway.Conclusion: QZZD clearly improved learning and memory function, reduced brain pathological damage,elevated CBF and hippocampal neurotransmitter levels, and alleviated neuroinflammation of VaD rats partly by inhibiting the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway, indicating its potential value in the clinical therapy of VaD.
基金This experimental study was supported by the Key Research Project of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2020-JYBZDGG-023)Young Qihuang Scholars Project(90020163320001).
文摘Objective:To explore the therapeutic capacity of the Liangxue Xiaoban(LXXB)decoction and its disassembled prescriptions in the modulation of T cell subsets and recurrence-related indexes of psoriasis using a psoriasis-like mouse model.Methods:The psoriasis model was generated by the treatment of BALB/c mice(n=48)with imiquimod.Mice were divided into six groups:control,psoriasis model,tripterygium glycosides,LXXB decoction,Liangxue decoction,and Qingqi decoction.After the intervention period,the interleukin(IL)-17A,IL-22,and interferon-γ levels in mice were examined and hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to determine pathological changes in the skin tissues.T cell subset changes in the skin-draining lymph nodes were analyzed using flow cytometry,and the expression levels of the associated transcription factors and recurrence-related indexes in the skin tissues were determined using a polymerase chain reaction.Results:LXXB decoction attenuated the levels of CD8^(+)T,Th17,and Th1 cells and induced an increase in the Th2 and Treg cell levels.The disassembled prescriptions promoted or inhibited specific subsets of T cells to improve the symptoms of psoriasis.Notably,the LXXB and Liangxue decoctions suppressed the expression of IL-22 at both the gene and protein levels and restored the CD103 and IL-15 expressions in the skin tissue to the normal range.Conclusion:LXXB decoction exerted significant immunoregulatory effects on T cell subsets and improved the recurrence-related indexes.Interestingly,the Liangxue prescription appeared to have a therapeutic advantage in terms of Th17 modulation and psoriasis recurrence,while the Qingqi prescription performed better in Treg immunoregulation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81774122)the Chinese Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Major New Drug Creation(2019ZX09301-173).
文摘Background:Inflammation is an essential component of liver diseases.Paeoniflorin(PF),a monoterpenoid component derived from peony root(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),has anti-inflammatory,immunoregulatory,and hepatoprotective activities.However,whether PF affects liver inflammation and its underlying mechanisms is unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation in LO2 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods:LPS was used to induce inflammation.After PF pretreatment for 2 h,the cells were treated with PF and LPS.Cell counting kit-8 was used to measure cell viability.Tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin(IL)-6 were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blot was used to evaluate TNF-a,Ras homolog family member A(RhoA),NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,and IL-1b proteins expression.Results:In LPS-induced LO2 cells,PF reduced TNF-a and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-induced TNF-a expression was also suppressed by PF.In addition,PF significantly inhibited LPS-induced RhoA activation(P=.0014).Finally,PF suppressed LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by downregulating NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,and IL-1b expression.Conclusion:These findings suggest that PF alleviates inflammation induced by LPS and further suggest the anti-inflammatory effect of PF may follow via reduced RhoA and NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)the research theory of Zangxiang based on‘Gan Cang Xue Zhu Shu Xie’,No.2011CB505100the National Natural Science Fund:Anti-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Research of Calculus bovis under the Theory of Same Treatment for Different Diseases,No.81303260.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome is an integral and essential component of TCM theory,and goes beyond philosophic concepts.This article reviews the concept of TCM syndromes and summarizes research findings on the biologic foundation of syndromes.In addition,insight is provided into the promotion of standardization of syndrome classification by enforcing uniformity of TCM terminology,applying standardized diagnostic criteria and operating procedures to minimize subjective effects.Also incorporating interdisciplinary approaches such as data mining and structure modeling,as well as integrating findings on biomarker research are discussed.Consideration is made of the fundamental TCM aspects of syndrome elements,symptoms,phenotypic features,as well as diseases,to form an integral process in the diagnostic path.We believe that better understanding of the biologic basis of the TCM syndrome and standardization of syndrome classification will improve diagnosis,which in turn will enhance therapeutic efficacy and disease prognosis.
基金The study was partially supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Project(81373886).We really appreciate Mei Han,Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,for her suggestions in data synthesis.
文摘Objective:To assess the efficacy of Qingre Lishi Tuihuang therapy (QLTT) for acute icteric hepatitis B infection.Methods:Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2016 with no language restrictions for reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of QLTT treating acute icteric hepatitis B.Two researchers independently extracted detailed data and assessed methodological quality.ReviewManager 5.3.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 2238 participants were included in this review.The methodological quality was generally poor.The results indicated that supplemented Yinchenhao decoction combined with non-specific treatments was more effective in improving the cure rate (risk ratio =1.80;95% CI 1.21-2.68) and reducing the serum levels of total bilirubin (mean difference =-29.74;95% CI-31.91 to-27.57) and aspartate aminotransferase.Other self-made prescriptions conforming to QLTT plus non-specific treatments had beneficial effect for acute icteric hepatitis B in curing this disease (risk ratio =1.48;95% CI 1.27-1.73),as well as for negative seroconversion of HBeAg (risk ratio =1.39;95% CI 1.11-1.74).Supplemented Yinchenhao decoction plus non-specific treatments was more effective than other self-made prescriptions conforming to QLTT in reducing serum total bilirubin level.Conclusion:Qingre Lishi Tuihuang therapy appears to improve effect based on non-specific treatments for the treatment of acute icteric hepatitis B.However,it is premature to draw confirmative conclusions,owing to the poor methodological quality and high clinical heterogeneity of the included trials.Further well-designed clinical randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes should be undertaken.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA0715201)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61925106,62022092,and 62101303)in part by Autonomous Research Project of Department of Electronic Engineering at Tsinghua University。
文摘Nonlocal self-similarity is an important property of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images to characterize the repetitiveness of features embodied by SAR images within nonlocal areas and has been used for enhancement of SAR images.Existing SAR ship detectors often independently handle small sub-images cropped from a large marine SAR image and do not exploit the nonlocal self-similarity therein.In this paper,we propose a new ship detector from the perspective of nonlocal self-similarity in SAR images to improve the ship detection performance,basically including three stages:prescreening,intra-cue calculation,and inter-cue calculation.In the prescreening stage,we design a new Histogram-based Density(HD)feature to rapidly select candidate sub-images potentially containing ship targets from a large SAR image.In the intra-cue calculation stage,target cues within a single candidate sub-image are extracted.In the inter-cue calculation stage,thanks to the nonlocal self-similarity among different candidate sub-images in terms of density features,we innovatively extract a weighted superpixel-HD map to obtain accumulated intracues across all the candidate sub-images.Finally,for each candidate sub-image,we fuse its inter-cue and intra-cue to obtain final detection results.Experimental results based on real SAR images show that our newly proposed method provides a better target-to-clutter contrast and ship detection performance than those of other state-of-the-art detection approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12104298 and 12192252)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2019SHZDZX01-06)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1428400)。
文摘The metabolic process of chiral drugs plays a significant role in clinics and in research on drugs.Here,we experimentally demonstrate by all-optical means that the chiral molecules can be quickly discriminated and monitored with the ultrahighorder modes excited in a metal cladding optofluidic chip,achieving over 5 times sensitivity with a low-dosage sample.We show that the varying concentration of the chiral drugs can be monitored both in cell and animal experiments,presenting a significant difference between chiral enantiomers at the optimal function time and the effect of the reaction.To our knowledge,this approach provides a new way to achieve important chiral discrimination for the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics and may present opportunities in indicating the health status of humans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51868030,52070090,52100122,22266019,and 21876071)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Province (Nos.202001AU070031,202101BE070001-030,and 202101BC070001-009)Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province (No.2019FD043)。
文摘To investigate the enhancing effect of Mn on the performance of simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH_(3)and PH_(3)by CuO-Al_(2)O_(3)in a reducing atmosphere under micro-oxygen conditions,Cu-Mn modifiedγ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts were prepared.The characteristics of the catalysts showed that Mn reduced the crystallinity of the active CuO component,increased the number of oxygen vacancies and acidic sites on the catalyst surface,enhanced the mobility of surface oxygen,and the interaction between copper and manganese promoted the redox cycling ability of the catalysts and improved their oxidation performance,which increased the conversion frequency(TOF)by 2.54×10^(-2)to 3.07×10^(-2)sec^(-1).On the other hand,the introduction of Mn reduced the production of phosphate and As_(2)O_(3)on the catalyst surface by30.96%and 44.9%,which reduced the coverage and inerting of the active sites by phosphate and As_(2)O_(3),resulting in an 8 hr(6 hr)improvement in the stability of PH_(3)(AsH_(3))removal.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1428400)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12104298,12192252)。
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an innovative approach that utilizes photochemical reactions for non-invasive disease treatment.Conventional PDT is limited by the low penetration depth of visible light required for activation.Herein,we employed upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)to extend the activation wavelength of photosensitizers into the infrared range,enabling a treatment depth of over 10 mm.Furthermore,we also used the abundant amino groups of branched polyethyleneimine(PEI)with spatial structure to enhance the loading capacity of protoporphyrin(PPIX),and we ultimately improved skin tumor clearance rates.Moreover,we achieved tumor-specific treatment by utilizing folic acid(FA)targeting and active enrichment of PPIX.According to cellular experimental results,we demonstrated the remarkable reactive oxygen species generation capability of the material and ultra-low dark toxicity.Additionally,we investigated the apoptosis mechanism and demonstrated that the synthesized nanoparticle stimulates the up-regulation of apoptosis-associated proteins Bax/Bcl-2 and Cyto c.During in vivo experiments involving intravenous injection in mouse tails,we investigated the anticancer efficacy of the nanoparticle,confirming its excellent PDT effects.This research provides a promising avenue for future non-invasive treatment of deep-seated tumors,offering a method for the treatment and management of specific cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62003188,No.U1813216)Shenzhen Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.RCJC20210706091946001)Guangdong Special Branch Plan for Young Talent with Scientific and Technological Innovation(No.2019TQ05Z111).
文摘This study presents the overall architecture of HeterBot,a heterogeneous mobile manipulation robot developed in our lab,which is designed for versatile operation in hazardous environments.The most significant feature of HeterBot is the heterogeneous design created by adopting the idea of‘big arm+small arm’and‘big car+mini car’.This combination has the advantage of functional complementation,which achieves performance promotion in both locomotion and manipulation capabilities,making HeterBot distinguished from other mobile manipulation robots.Besides,multiple novel technologies are integrated into HeterBot to expand its versatility and ease of use,including Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform-based teleoperation,reconfigurable end effectors,laseraided grasping,and manipulation with customised tools.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of HeterBot in various locomotion and manipulation tasks.HeterBot displays huge potential in future applications,such as searching and rescue.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foun-dation of China(grant numbers:82141106,81630060)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2021YFC2701204)+2 种基金Key Technology R&D Program of Hubei(grant num-ber:2024BCB057)Panyu District Science and Technology Plan Project(grant number:2020-Z04-014)Guangzhou Health Science and Tech-nology Project(grant number:20221A011118).
文摘Objective:We investigated the relation between man papillomavirus(HPV)integration status and the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),as well as the triage strategy based on HPV integration test.Methods:4086 women aged 20 to 65 years in China were enrolled in 2015 for a prospective,population-based,clinical observational study to evaluate the triage performance of HPV integration.Cervical exfoliated cells were collected for HPV testing and cytologic test.If high-risk HPV was positive,HPV integration test was performed at baseline,2-year and 5-year follow-up.Results:At baseline,HPV integration was positively correlated with the severity of cervical pathology,ranging from 5.0%(15/301)in normal diagnosis,6.9%(4/58)in CIN1,31.0%(9/29)in CIN2,70%(14/20)in CIN3,and 100%(2/2)in cervical cancer(P<0.001).Compared with cytology,HPV integration exhibits comparable sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of CIN3+,higher specificity(92.8%[90.2%-95.4%]vs.75.5%[71.2%-79.8%],P<0.001)and higher positive predictive value(36.4%[22.1%-50.6%]vs.15.2%[8.5%-21.8%],P<0.001).HPV integration testing strategy yielded a significantly lower colposcopy referral rate than cytology strategy(10.7%[44/410]vs.27.3%[112/410],P<0.001).The HPV integration-negative group exhibited the lowest immediate risk for CIN3+(1.6%)and accounted for the largest proportion of the total population(89.3%),when compared with the normal cytology group(risk,1.7%;proportion,72.7%).Conclusion:As a key molecular basis for the development of cervical cancer,HPV integration might be a promising triage strategy for HPV-positive patients.
文摘In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly caused by the absence of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),significantly limits the application of ICIs.Converting these immune“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors that may respond to ICIs is an unsolved question in cancer immunotherapy.Since it is a general characteristic of cancers to resist apoptosis,induction of non-apoptotic regulated cell death(RCD)is emerging as a new cancer treatment strategy.Recently,several studies have revealed the interaction between non-apoptotic RCD and antitumor immunity.Specifically,autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis exhibit synergistic antitumor immune responses while possibly exerting inhibitory effects on antitumor immune responses.Thus,targeted therapies(inducers or inhibitors)against autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis in combination with immunotherapy may exert potent antitumor activity,even in tumors resistant to ICIs.This review summarizes the multilevel relationship between antitumor immunity and non-apoptotic RCD,including autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis,and the potential targeting application of non-apoptotic RCD to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignancy.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.KYTZ201602)+1 种基金the High Level Talent Project of the Top Six Talents in Jiangsu(Grant No.NY-077)the earmarked fund for germplasm resources of Nanjing Agricultural University(Grant No.KYZZ201920)。
文摘Lily was grown worldwide as a fresh cutting flower because of its colorful petals, but its anther contained a large number of pollen grains that cause serious pollen contamination, however, pollen abortion can effectively reduce the level of pollen pollution. Our analysis aims to use cytological observation to detect the critical stage when pollen abortion occurs and to provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level. The result showed that pollen abortion in ‘Little Kiss’ began at the mononuclear stage and the callose that covers the microspores failed to degenerate when young pollens were released from the tetrads. In addition, compared with the normally developed one,the tapetum of ‘Little Kiss’ degraded in advance while the degradation of callose was delayed. Furthermore, 103 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) related to the advance degeneration of tapetum cells and callose were found in the expression levels, including 22 transcription factors(TFs). In particular, two β-glucanase genes(endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, exo-β-glucanase) responsible for callose degeneration were significantly down-regulated. These results suggested that pollen abortion may occur at mononuclear stage and that early degeneration of tapetum cells resulted in a significant down-regulation of β-glucanase genes. As a result, the callose to cover microspores impedes the formation of pollen walls, which may possibly lead to pollen abortion.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. Ul137603, 51268021 and 51368026）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2012AA062504） and the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan （Nos. 2011FB027 and 2011FA010）.
文摘A Cu-Co-K/activated carbon （AC） adsorbent has been developed for the removal of carbonyl sulfide （COS）. The effects of COS concentration, reaction temperature and relative humidity were closely examined. A breakthrough of 33.23 mg COS .gl adsorbent at 60℃, under 30% relative humidity and in presence of 1.0% oxygen was exhibited in the Cu-Co-K/AC adsorbent prepared. Competitive adsorption studies for COS in the presence of CS2, and H2S were also conducted. TPD analysis was used to identify sulfur-containing products on the carbon surface, and the results indicated that H2S, COS and SO2 were all evident in the effluent gas generated from the exhausted Cu-Co-K/AC. Structure of the activated carbon samples has been characterized using nitrogen adsorption, and their surface chemical structures were also determined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. It turns out that the modification with Cu（OH）2CO3- CoPcS-KOH can significantly improve the COS removal capacity, forming SO2/4 species simultaneously. Regenera- tion of the spent activated carbon sorbents by thermal desorption has also been explored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1137603,51268021)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China(No. 2012AA062504)the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (No. 2011FB027,2011FA010)
文摘Metal （Cu, Co, or Zn） loaded ZSM-5 and Y zeolite adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide （HCN） toxic gas. The results showed that the HCN breakthrough capacity was enhanced significantly when zeolites were loaded with Cu. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents that influence the HCN adsorption capacity were analyzed. The maximal HCN breakthrough capacities were about the same for both zeolites at 2.2 mol of HCN/mol of Cu. The Cu2p XPS spectra showed that the possible species present were Cu2O and CuO. The Nls XPS data and FT-IR spectra indicated that CN- would be formed in the presence of Cu＋/Cu2＋ and oxygen gas, and the reaction product could be adsorbed onto Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite more easily than HCN.
