Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical bas...Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation.Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.展开更多
To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects o...To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration,the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)and water bath temperature on the removal of AMD by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared by chemical co-precipitation method were analyzed.Static adsorption experiments were conducted on Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)using Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions as adsorbents.The adsorption properties and mechanisms were analyzed by combining SEM-EDS,XRD and FTIR for characterization.The study showed that the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration and the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)are larger.Obtained by response surface optimization analysis,the optimum conditions for the preparation of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L were a particle size of 250 mesh,a total Fe concentration of 0.5 mol/L,and a molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)of 1:2.Under these conditions,the removal rates of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+)were 94.52%,88.49%,and 96.69%respectively.The adsorption of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions reached equilibrium at 180 min,with removal rates of 99.99%,85.27%,and 97.48%,respectively.The adsorption reaction of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L for Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)is endothermic,while that for Pb^(2+)is exothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)-L can still maintain a high adsorption capacity after five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments.Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)mainly exist as CuFe_(2)O_(4),Zn(OH)2,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and PbS after being adsorbed by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L,which is the result of the combination of physical diffusion,ion exchange and surface complexation reaction.展开更多
The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation from photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy(PDT)is limited by tumor hypoxia.Even type-I photosensitizers,e.g.,sulfur-substituted Nile blue,still rely on oxygen as the main c...The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation from photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy(PDT)is limited by tumor hypoxia.Even type-I photosensitizers,e.g.,sulfur-substituted Nile blue,still rely on oxygen as the main center for transferring electrons to generate ROS.Cutting off the pathway of oxygen consumption in tumor can help photosensitizers overcome the limitation of low oxygen,in order to efficiently generate more ROS.It is known that glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvic acid(3-BP),which could specially target mitochondria,can provide more oxygen by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation.Herein,we successfully designed and synthesized a new 3-BP-coupled sulfur-substituted Nile blue as prodrug(NBBP)for chemical/photodynamic synergistic therapy.Major results indicated that the protons in tumor catalyzed the hydrolysis of NBBP,inhibited photoinduced electron transfer between 3-BP and the photosensitizer in NBBP and further assisted the photosensitizer to be localized in mitochondria,utilizing local oxygen as much as possible and kill tumor cells more efficiently.Moreover,the glycolysis inhibition-induced autophagy was combined with PDT-induced autophagy,which could promote the deaths of tumor cells.Unlike other remedies exploiting nanomaterials,this construction method of NBBP achieves the efficient synergy of photodynamic therapy and glycolysis inhibition,stronger than their theoretical addition,in spatiotemporal dimensions.Our study provides not only a highly efficient platform for tumor therapy but also a design approach for prodrugs with synergistic effects.展开更多
Background and Aims:The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is widely studied;however,follow-up studies of the same patients are scanty.Here,we studied the dynamic changes of serum HBV RNA and cy...Background and Aims:The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is widely studied;however,follow-up studies of the same patients are scanty.Here,we studied the dynamic changes of serum HBV RNA and cytokines in hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg)-positive patients treated with entecavir(ETV)to explore the relationship between the HBV serum viral nucleic acids and host immunity.Methods:Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who are HBeAg-positive,with high virus load(HBV DNA>20,000 IU/mL),and received standard nucleos(t)ide analogue(NA)antiviral therapy(ETV)for more than 48 weeks were included.The serum levels of HBV nucleic acids and selected cytokines were measured at 0,12,24,and 48 weeks respectively.Results:Serum HBV RNA could still be detected while serum HBV DNA had fallen below the detection limit in patients treated with ETV.There was a strong positive correlation between HBV RNA and HBeAg,with a concomitant decrease in the secretion of cytokines from type 1 helper T(Th1)/type 2 helper T(Th2)/interleukin(IL)-17 producing T(Th17)cells.IL-4 and IL-10 were the main cytokines negatively associated with serum HBV RNA.Conclusions:HBeAg can be used to reflect the load of HBV RNA indirectly,because serum HBV RNA has not been widely used in clinical practice.Meanwhile,serum IL-4 and IL-10 might be explored in combination with HBV RNA in guiding future clinical antiviral therapy.展开更多
An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducib...An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducibility and renewability remain a challenge. Furthermore, drug transport data from many of the models do not correlate well with the data for in vivo BBB drug transport.Induced-pluripotent stem cell(i PSC) technology provides reproducible cell resources for in vitro BBB modeling.Here, we generated a human in vitro BBB model by differentiating the human i PSC(hi PSC) line GM25256 into brain endothelial-type cells. The model displayed BBB characteristics including tight junction proteins(ZO-1,claudin-5, and occludin) and endothelial markers(von Willebrand factor and Ulex), as well as high transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)(1560 X.cm2±230 X.cm2) and c-GTPase activity. Co-culture with primary rat astrocytes significantly increased the TEER of the model(2970 X.cm2 to 4185 X.cm2). RNAseq analysis confirmed the expression of key BBB-related genes in the hi PSC-derived endothelial cells in comparison with primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells,including P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and breast cancer resistant protein(BCRP). Drug transport assays for nine CNS compounds showed that the permeability of non-Pgp/BCRP and Pgp/BCRP substrates across the model was strongly correlated with rodent in situ brain perfusion data for these compounds(R2= 0.982 and R2= 0.9973,respectively), demonstrating the functionality of the drug transporters in the model. Thus, this model may be used to rapidly screen CNS compounds, to predict the in vivo BBB permeability of these compounds and to study the biology of the BBB.展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(NO.2021AB030)the Innovative Development Project of Shihezi University(NO.CXFZ202005)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2020-PT330-003).
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation.Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672247)Liaoning Province’s“Program for Promoting Liaoning Talents”(XLYC1807159)+1 种基金the Discipline Innovation Team of Liaoning Technical University(LNTU20TD-21)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKZ0324).
文摘To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration,the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)and water bath temperature on the removal of AMD by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared by chemical co-precipitation method were analyzed.Static adsorption experiments were conducted on Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)using Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions as adsorbents.The adsorption properties and mechanisms were analyzed by combining SEM-EDS,XRD and FTIR for characterization.The study showed that the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration and the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)are larger.Obtained by response surface optimization analysis,the optimum conditions for the preparation of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L were a particle size of 250 mesh,a total Fe concentration of 0.5 mol/L,and a molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)of 1:2.Under these conditions,the removal rates of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+)were 94.52%,88.49%,and 96.69%respectively.The adsorption of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions reached equilibrium at 180 min,with removal rates of 99.99%,85.27%,and 97.48%,respectively.The adsorption reaction of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L for Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)is endothermic,while that for Pb^(2+)is exothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)-L can still maintain a high adsorption capacity after five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments.Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)mainly exist as CuFe_(2)O_(4),Zn(OH)2,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and PbS after being adsorbed by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L,which is the result of the combination of physical diffusion,ion exchange and surface complexation reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108024)the Dalian High-level Talent Innovation Support Program of China(2022RQ016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB601)。
文摘The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation from photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy(PDT)is limited by tumor hypoxia.Even type-I photosensitizers,e.g.,sulfur-substituted Nile blue,still rely on oxygen as the main center for transferring electrons to generate ROS.Cutting off the pathway of oxygen consumption in tumor can help photosensitizers overcome the limitation of low oxygen,in order to efficiently generate more ROS.It is known that glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvic acid(3-BP),which could specially target mitochondria,can provide more oxygen by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation.Herein,we successfully designed and synthesized a new 3-BP-coupled sulfur-substituted Nile blue as prodrug(NBBP)for chemical/photodynamic synergistic therapy.Major results indicated that the protons in tumor catalyzed the hydrolysis of NBBP,inhibited photoinduced electron transfer between 3-BP and the photosensitizer in NBBP and further assisted the photosensitizer to be localized in mitochondria,utilizing local oxygen as much as possible and kill tumor cells more efficiently.Moreover,the glycolysis inhibition-induced autophagy was combined with PDT-induced autophagy,which could promote the deaths of tumor cells.Unlike other remedies exploiting nanomaterials,this construction method of NBBP achieves the efficient synergy of photodynamic therapy and glycolysis inhibition,stronger than their theoretical addition,in spatiotemporal dimensions.Our study provides not only a highly efficient platform for tumor therapy but also a design approach for prodrugs with synergistic effects.
基金supported in part by a grant from Dalian Medical Science Research Program(1911043)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2019-ZD-1003).
文摘Background and Aims:The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is widely studied;however,follow-up studies of the same patients are scanty.Here,we studied the dynamic changes of serum HBV RNA and cytokines in hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg)-positive patients treated with entecavir(ETV)to explore the relationship between the HBV serum viral nucleic acids and host immunity.Methods:Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who are HBeAg-positive,with high virus load(HBV DNA>20,000 IU/mL),and received standard nucleos(t)ide analogue(NA)antiviral therapy(ETV)for more than 48 weeks were included.The serum levels of HBV nucleic acids and selected cytokines were measured at 0,12,24,and 48 weeks respectively.Results:Serum HBV RNA could still be detected while serum HBV DNA had fallen below the detection limit in patients treated with ETV.There was a strong positive correlation between HBV RNA and HBeAg,with a concomitant decrease in the secretion of cytokines from type 1 helper T(Th1)/type 2 helper T(Th2)/interleukin(IL)-17 producing T(Th17)cells.IL-4 and IL-10 were the main cytokines negatively associated with serum HBV RNA.Conclusions:HBeAg can be used to reflect the load of HBV RNA indirectly,because serum HBV RNA has not been widely used in clinical practice.Meanwhile,serum IL-4 and IL-10 might be explored in combination with HBV RNA in guiding future clinical antiviral therapy.
文摘An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducibility and renewability remain a challenge. Furthermore, drug transport data from many of the models do not correlate well with the data for in vivo BBB drug transport.Induced-pluripotent stem cell(i PSC) technology provides reproducible cell resources for in vitro BBB modeling.Here, we generated a human in vitro BBB model by differentiating the human i PSC(hi PSC) line GM25256 into brain endothelial-type cells. The model displayed BBB characteristics including tight junction proteins(ZO-1,claudin-5, and occludin) and endothelial markers(von Willebrand factor and Ulex), as well as high transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)(1560 X.cm2±230 X.cm2) and c-GTPase activity. Co-culture with primary rat astrocytes significantly increased the TEER of the model(2970 X.cm2 to 4185 X.cm2). RNAseq analysis confirmed the expression of key BBB-related genes in the hi PSC-derived endothelial cells in comparison with primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells,including P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and breast cancer resistant protein(BCRP). Drug transport assays for nine CNS compounds showed that the permeability of non-Pgp/BCRP and Pgp/BCRP substrates across the model was strongly correlated with rodent in situ brain perfusion data for these compounds(R2= 0.982 and R2= 0.9973,respectively), demonstrating the functionality of the drug transporters in the model. Thus, this model may be used to rapidly screen CNS compounds, to predict the in vivo BBB permeability of these compounds and to study the biology of the BBB.
