The APETALA2/ethylene response factor(AP2/ERF)transcription factor(TF)superfamily plays an important regulatory role in the signal transduction of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses,including low t...The APETALA2/ethylene response factor(AP2/ERF)transcription factor(TF)superfamily plays an important regulatory role in the signal transduction of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses,including low temperature.RAV is a subfamily of the AP2/ERF TF family,and its members contain B3 DNA binding and AP2 DNA binding domains.RAV gene family members have been studied in many species,but little is known about their function in tea plants(Camellia sinensis).In this study,seven RAV genes were identified from the tea plant genome database and named CsRAV1-7.Based on phylogenetic analysis,the CsRAV genes were classified into three groups,with genes in the same subgroup exhibiting similar structures and conserved motifs.Out of the seven genes,CsRAV7 was the most distinct and contained a large number of motifs and the longest coding region.Moreover,analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that CsRAVs are likely responsive to both abiotic stress and phytohormones.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that most CsRAV genes were differentially expressed under cold stress and exogenous MeJA application as both individual and combined treatments.Only CsRAV7 was induced in all six different treatments,suggesting that it may play a key role in JA-mediated cold stress responses in tea plants.展开更多
Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-Glycosyltransferases(UGT)play essential roles in modifying secondary metabolites during the plant life cycle and are also involved in the response to abiotic stresses.However,the plant UGT fam...Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-Glycosyltransferases(UGT)play essential roles in modifying secondary metabolites during the plant life cycle and are also involved in the response to abiotic stresses.However,the plant UGT family is vast and the available data describing their role in abiotic stress responses is varied and intricate,so that their potential roles are often obscured.To address this,a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of overexpression of UGT on various plant physiological indicators under abiotic stress.Out of the 15 plant characteristics examined in UGT overexpressing plants,10 showed an increase of over 30%,while two plant characteristics decreased by more than 30%,while only three indices were significantly affected under non-stressed conditions.Notably,UGT had a significant and positive effect in salt-stressed plants.This study sheds light on the complex role of UGT in abiotic stress and can provide valuable guidance for future research on UGT functions and their genetic manipulation in crop breeding programs for improved abiotic stress tolerances.展开更多
Purple-leaf tea plants,as anthocyanin-rich cultivars,are valuable materials for manufacturing teas with unique colors or flavors.In this study,a new purple-leaf cultivar“Zixin”(“ZX”)was examined,and its biochemica...Purple-leaf tea plants,as anthocyanin-rich cultivars,are valuable materials for manufacturing teas with unique colors or flavors.In this study,a new purple-leaf cultivar“Zixin”(“ZX”)was examined,and its biochemical variation and mechanism of leaf color change were elucidated.The metabolomes of leaves of“ZX”at completely purple,intermediately purple,and completely green stages were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).Metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway remained at high levels in purple leaves,whereas intermediates of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis exhibited high levels in green leaves.In addition,fatty acid metabolism was more active in purple leaves,and steroids maintained higher levels in green leaves.Saponin,alcohol,organic acid,and terpenoid-related metabolites also changed significantly during the leaf color change process.Furthermore,the substance changes between“ZX”and“Zijuan”(a thoroughly studied purple-leaf cultivar)were also compared.The leaf color change in“Zijuan”was mainly caused by a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins.However,a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins,an enhancement of porphyrin,chlorophyll metabolism,carotenoid biosynthesis,and steroids,and a decrease in fatty acids synergistically caused the leaf color change in“ZX”.These findings will facilitate comprehensive research on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change in purple-leaf tea cultivars.展开更多
Tea[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]is an important economic crop,and drought is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality.Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone responsible for activating dr...Tea[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]is an important economic crop,and drought is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality.Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone responsible for activating drought resistance.Increased understanding of ABA effects on tea plant under drought stress is essential to develop drought-tolerant tea genotypes,along with crop management practices that can mitigate drought stress.The objective of the present investigation is evaluation of effects of exogenous ABA on the leaf proteome in tea plant exposed to drought stress.Leaf protein patterns of tea plants under simulated drought stress[(polyethylene glycol(PEG)-treated]and exogenous ABA treatment were analyzed in a time-course experiment using two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE),followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry(MS).Among the 72 protein spots identified by MALDI-TOF MS,16 proteins were downregulated and two were upregulated by exogenous ABA.The upregulated proteins have roles in glycolysis and photosystem II stabilization.Twenty-one protein spots were responsive to drought stress and most participate in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism,control of reactive oxygen species(ROS),defense,signaling or nucleic acid metabolism.The combined treatments of exogenous ABA and drought showed upregulation of 10 protein spots at 12 h and upregulation of 11 proteins at 72 h after initiation of drought stress.The results support the importance of the role that ABA plays in the tea plant during drought stress,by improving protein transport,carbon metabolism and expression of resistance proteins.展开更多
Intercropping,as one of the complex ecological cultivations,is an important tea plantation pattern.Compared to sole-cropping tea plantations,intercropping can improve the above-and below-ground environment,which is be...Intercropping,as one of the complex ecological cultivations,is an important tea plantation pattern.Compared to sole-cropping tea plantations,intercropping can improve the above-and below-ground environment,which is beneficial to tea plant growth,the formation of high tea quality and the increase of tea yield.In this review,we summarized the impacts of intercropping on the tea plantation environment(microclimate,biomass,soil nutrients,microorganisms and heavy metals),tea plants growth and tea yield.We then analyzed how intercropping affects the growth and metabolism of tea plants based on the impact of intercropping on the environment.As a result,the achievements and progress of tea plantation intercropping are summarized,the remaining problems of the current research on intercropping tea plantations are highlighted,and provide new insights for the advanced research of intercropping in tea plantations.展开更多
The chemical composition of Yuhua tea is in a state of constant change during tea processing.However,the dynamic changes in this complex metabolic process remain unclear.Therefore,we detected the changes of compounds ...The chemical composition of Yuhua tea is in a state of constant change during tea processing.However,the dynamic changes in this complex metabolic process remain unclear.Therefore,we detected the changes of compounds in the five stages of processing of Yuhua tea,and carried out metabolomic analysis based on UPLC–MS.In total,898 metabolites were detected in the five different stages.In the spreading and fixation processes,the differences in metabolites were the most significant,with 127 and 150 metabolites,respectively,undergoing significant changes.During the spreading period,the levels of amino acids and their derivatives,as well as flavonoids,increased sharply,and most continued to increase or stabilized after spreading.In addition,only 26 and 95 metabolites changed significantly during the rolling and drying processes,respectively.Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis showed that the metabolomics of tea changed significantly during the manufacturing process,especially amino acids and derivatives,flavonoids and lipids.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes during the processing of stir-fried green tea,which has potential significance for quality control and flavor improvement of tea.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972460,32160729)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)Science and Technology Support Project of Guizhou Province(ZK[2021]154),and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The APETALA2/ethylene response factor(AP2/ERF)transcription factor(TF)superfamily plays an important regulatory role in the signal transduction of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses,including low temperature.RAV is a subfamily of the AP2/ERF TF family,and its members contain B3 DNA binding and AP2 DNA binding domains.RAV gene family members have been studied in many species,but little is known about their function in tea plants(Camellia sinensis).In this study,seven RAV genes were identified from the tea plant genome database and named CsRAV1-7.Based on phylogenetic analysis,the CsRAV genes were classified into three groups,with genes in the same subgroup exhibiting similar structures and conserved motifs.Out of the seven genes,CsRAV7 was the most distinct and contained a large number of motifs and the longest coding region.Moreover,analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that CsRAVs are likely responsive to both abiotic stress and phytohormones.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that most CsRAV genes were differentially expressed under cold stress and exogenous MeJA application as both individual and combined treatments.Only CsRAV7 was induced in all six different treatments,suggesting that it may play a key role in JA-mediated cold stress responses in tea plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972460,32160729)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)+1 种基金Science and Technology Support Project of Guizhou Province(ZK[2021]154,[2022]07)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-Glycosyltransferases(UGT)play essential roles in modifying secondary metabolites during the plant life cycle and are also involved in the response to abiotic stresses.However,the plant UGT family is vast and the available data describing their role in abiotic stress responses is varied and intricate,so that their potential roles are often obscured.To address this,a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of overexpression of UGT on various plant physiological indicators under abiotic stress.Out of the 15 plant characteristics examined in UGT overexpressing plants,10 showed an increase of over 30%,while two plant characteristics decreased by more than 30%,while only three indices were significantly affected under non-stressed conditions.Notably,UGT had a significant and positive effect in salt-stressed plants.This study sheds light on the complex role of UGT in abiotic stress and can provide valuable guidance for future research on UGT functions and their genetic manipulation in crop breeding programs for improved abiotic stress tolerances.
基金This research was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370688,31400584)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(16)1047)Keypoint Research and Invention Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016417)and FuJian Province“2011 Collaborative Innovation Center”Chinese Oolong Tea Industry Innovation Center(Cultivation)special project(J2015-75).
文摘Purple-leaf tea plants,as anthocyanin-rich cultivars,are valuable materials for manufacturing teas with unique colors or flavors.In this study,a new purple-leaf cultivar“Zixin”(“ZX”)was examined,and its biochemical variation and mechanism of leaf color change were elucidated.The metabolomes of leaves of“ZX”at completely purple,intermediately purple,and completely green stages were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).Metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway remained at high levels in purple leaves,whereas intermediates of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis exhibited high levels in green leaves.In addition,fatty acid metabolism was more active in purple leaves,and steroids maintained higher levels in green leaves.Saponin,alcohol,organic acid,and terpenoid-related metabolites also changed significantly during the leaf color change process.Furthermore,the substance changes between“ZX”and“Zijuan”(a thoroughly studied purple-leaf cultivar)were also compared.The leaf color change in“Zijuan”was mainly caused by a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins.However,a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins,an enhancement of porphyrin,chlorophyll metabolism,carotenoid biosynthesis,and steroids,and a decrease in fatty acids synergistically caused the leaf color change in“ZX”.These findings will facilitate comprehensive research on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change in purple-leaf tea cultivars.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800884,31370688)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Program of China(BE2011319).
文摘Tea[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]is an important economic crop,and drought is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality.Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important phytohormone responsible for activating drought resistance.Increased understanding of ABA effects on tea plant under drought stress is essential to develop drought-tolerant tea genotypes,along with crop management practices that can mitigate drought stress.The objective of the present investigation is evaluation of effects of exogenous ABA on the leaf proteome in tea plant exposed to drought stress.Leaf protein patterns of tea plants under simulated drought stress[(polyethylene glycol(PEG)-treated]and exogenous ABA treatment were analyzed in a time-course experiment using two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE),followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry(MS).Among the 72 protein spots identified by MALDI-TOF MS,16 proteins were downregulated and two were upregulated by exogenous ABA.The upregulated proteins have roles in glycolysis and photosystem II stabilization.Twenty-one protein spots were responsive to drought stress and most participate in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism,control of reactive oxygen species(ROS),defense,signaling or nucleic acid metabolism.The combined treatments of exogenous ABA and drought showed upregulation of 10 protein spots at 12 h and upregulation of 11 proteins at 72 h after initiation of drought stress.The results support the importance of the role that ABA plays in the tea plant during drought stress,by improving protein transport,carbon metabolism and expression of resistance proteins.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972460,31870680)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019379)the Science and Technology support project of Guizhou Province([2020]1Y004,ZK[2021]154)the Changzhou Agriculture Science and Technology Support Program(CE20212017)the Jiangsu Belt and Road innovation cooperation project(BZ2019012)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Intercropping,as one of the complex ecological cultivations,is an important tea plantation pattern.Compared to sole-cropping tea plantations,intercropping can improve the above-and below-ground environment,which is beneficial to tea plant growth,the formation of high tea quality and the increase of tea yield.In this review,we summarized the impacts of intercropping on the tea plantation environment(microclimate,biomass,soil nutrients,microorganisms and heavy metals),tea plants growth and tea yield.We then analyzed how intercropping affects the growth and metabolism of tea plants based on the impact of intercropping on the environment.As a result,the achievements and progress of tea plantation intercropping are summarized,the remaining problems of the current research on intercropping tea plantations are highlighted,and provide new insights for the advanced research of intercropping in tea plantations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870680)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)+4 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019379)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(20)2004)Innovation and Extension Projects of Forestry Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province(LYKJ-Changzhou[2020]03)Changzhou Science and Technology Support Program(Agriculture CE20202003)Chuzhou Science and Technology Support Program(2020ZN009).
文摘The chemical composition of Yuhua tea is in a state of constant change during tea processing.However,the dynamic changes in this complex metabolic process remain unclear.Therefore,we detected the changes of compounds in the five stages of processing of Yuhua tea,and carried out metabolomic analysis based on UPLC–MS.In total,898 metabolites were detected in the five different stages.In the spreading and fixation processes,the differences in metabolites were the most significant,with 127 and 150 metabolites,respectively,undergoing significant changes.During the spreading period,the levels of amino acids and their derivatives,as well as flavonoids,increased sharply,and most continued to increase or stabilized after spreading.In addition,only 26 and 95 metabolites changed significantly during the rolling and drying processes,respectively.Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis showed that the metabolomics of tea changed significantly during the manufacturing process,especially amino acids and derivatives,flavonoids and lipids.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes during the processing of stir-fried green tea,which has potential significance for quality control and flavor improvement of tea.
